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To T. H. Huxley   4 May [1856]

Summary

It seems improper that his advances to G. B. Sowerby Jr for payment of engravings should not have been mentioned to Council of Ray Society. His appreciation of the Society.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  4 May [1856]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 35)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1868

Matches: 1 hit

  • … DCP-LETT-1868

To J. J. Weir   7 May [1868]

Summary

Thanks JJW for his great assistance.

Discusses sexual selection in birds.

Sends queries on secondary sexual characteristics of birds.

Has often marvelled at the different growth of the flowering and creeping branches of ivy.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Jenner Weir
Date:  7 May [1868]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6165

Matches: 26 hits

  • … To J.  J.  Weir   7 May [1868] …
  • … Society (Mss.B.D25. ) Charles Robert Darwin Down 7 May [1868] John Jenner Weir …
  • … George Henslow’s paper on phyllotaxis was read at the Linnean Society in April 1868 ( …
  • … Henslow 1868 ); see also letter from …
  • … George Henslow, 13 April 1868 . For CD’s own interest in phyllotaxy, see Correspondence …
  • … the letter from J.  J.  Weir, [4–7] May 1868 . Weir had written four letters to CD since …
  • … CD’s last letter to him: see letters from J.  J.  Weir, 20 April 1868 , [before …
  • … 28 April] 1868 , 28 April – …
  • … 4 May 1868 , and [4– …
  • … 7] May 1868 . In …
  • … his letter to Weir of 18 April [1868] , CD had asked Weir’s opinion of Alfred Wallace’s …
  • … from J.  J.  Weir, 28 April – 4 May 1868 . CD probably refers to Marcgravia umbellata (see …
  • … while young. Weir’s reply is in his letter to CD of 20 April 1868. See letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, [4–7] May 1868  and n.  4. See letters …
  • … to J.  J.  Weir, 27 February [1868] and …
  • … 29 February [1868] , and letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, [before 5] March 1868 ; see also letter from …
  • … Harrison Weir, 28 March 1868 . No further observations by the Weirs on the subject have …
  • … see letter from J.  J.  Weir, 24 March 1868 ). In Descent 1: 395, CD cited Weir’s account …
  • … from J.  J.  Weir, [before 5] March 1868 ). According to CD’s ‘Journal’ ( Correspondence …
  • … he began working on the section on birds for Descent on 17 May 1868. See letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, [4–7] May 1868 . See letter to J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, 4 April [1868] and n.  4. The letter to Abraham Dee Bartlett has not been found. …
  • … See letter from J.  J.  Weir, [4–7] May 1868 . See letter from J.   …
  • … J.   Weir, 20 April 1868 . See letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, [before 28 April] 1868 . The Gardeners’ Chronicle , 27 April 1861, p.  390, …

To John Dean Caton   18 September 1868

Summary

Thanks JDC for paper ["American Cervus", Trans. Ottawa Acad. Nat. Sci. (1868); read 21 May 1868].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Dean Caton
Date:  18 Sept 1868
Classmark:  DAR 143: 253
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6377

Matches: 15 hits

  • … To John Dean Caton   18 September 1868
  • … DAR 143: 253 Charles Robert Darwin Down 18 Sept 1868 John Dean Caton …
  • … Thanks JDC for paper ["American Cervus ", Trans. Ottawa Acad. Nat. Sci. (1868); read …
  • … 21 May 1868]. …
  • … the feeding of the deer and elk in Caton 1868 , pp.  29–31; CD marked the margins of …
  • … passages. CD made other citations of Caton 1868 , in addition to those in nn.  2–4, above, …
  • … Bibliography Caton, John Dean. 1868. American Cervus. …
  • … the Ottawa Academy of Natural Sciences, 21 May 1868. Ottawa, Illinois: Osman and Hapeman. …
  • … Dann Walsh sent a copy of ‘American Cervus’ ( Caton 1868 ) to CD (see letter from B.   …
  • … D.  Walsh, 29 August 1868 ). There …
  • … is an annotated offprint of Caton 1868  in the Darwin Pamphlet Collection–CUL.  The paper …
  • … the animal was about one year old ( Caton 1868 , p.  13). In Descent 1: 288, CD discussed …
  • … in deer, see the letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 19 August 1868 ; see also letter from …
  • … Edward Blyth, 24 August 1868 . CD …
  • … marked the passage on the topic ( Caton 1868 , p.  9) in his offprint, and quoted Caton on …

To J. J. Weir   18 April [1868]

Summary

Discusses rapid replacement of mates among birds. "I begin to think that the pairing of birds must be as delicate and tedious an operation as the pairing of young gentlemen and ladies. If I can convince myself that there are habitually many unpaired birds it will be a great aid to me in sexual selection". Notes rivalry of singing birds.

Heard from George Rolleston of the inherited effects of an eye injury.

Disagrees with A. R. Wallace’s idea "that birds learn to make their nests from having seen them whilst young" ["The philosophy of birds’ nests", Intellect. Obs. 11 (1867): 413–20].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Jenner Weir
Date:  18 Apr [1868]
Classmark:  Duke University, Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library (RL.10387)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6128

Matches: 23 hits

  • … To J.  J.  Weir   18 April [1868] …
  • … Manuscript Library (RL.10387) Charles Robert Darwin Down 18 Apr [1868] John Jenner Weir …
  • … Russel Wallace and to A.  R.  Wallace 1867a , 1867e, and 1868. See A.  R.  Wallace 1867e . …
  • … between this letter and the letter from J.  J.  Weir, 5 April 1868 . See letters from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, 5 April 1868 , [14  …
  • … April 1868] , and …
  • … 16 April 1868 . See letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, [14 April 1868] and n.  3; in Descent 2: 105–6, CD cited Weir on the incident. …
  • … B103). See letter from J.  J.  Weir, 5 April 1868 . CD refers to Edward Jenner . CD refers …
  • … to George Rolleston . See letter from J.  J.  Weir, 5 April 1868  and n.  6. See letter …
  • … from J.  J.  Weir, 5 April 1868 . Belief in maternal imagination as the source of various …
  • … of the magpies, see the letter to W.   D.  Fox, 25 February [1868] , the letter to J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, 29 February [1868] , and Descent 2: 103. CD probably refers to William Reeves . …
  • … See also letter to W.  D.  Fox, 25 February [1868] and n.  2. …
  • … In his letter of 16 April 1868 , Weir had mentioned unpaired birds and also expressed the …
  • … See letter from J.   J.  Weir, [14 April 1868] . CD included the information in Descent 2: …
  • … a now missing part of the letter from J.  J.  Weir, 5 April 1868 , or the letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, [14 April 1868] . For earlier discussion of bullfinch behaviour, see the letters …
  • … from J.  J.  Weir, [before 3] March 1868  and [before …
  • … 5] March 1868 . See letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, 16 April 1868  and n.  9. CD refers to Abraham Dee …
  • … Bartlett ; see letter to J.  J.  Weir, 4 April [1868] and n.  4. See letter …
  • … from J.  J.  Weir, 16 April 1868 . In a note dated 22 March, CD recorded Bartlett’s …

To J. D. Hooker   23 August [1868]

Summary

Pleased at success of JDH’s address. Has read several press reports.

Spectator pitches into JDH about theology ["Dr Hooker on the evidences", 22 Aug 1868, pp. 986–7].

Feels JDH has "immensely advanced the belief in evolution of species".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  23 Aug [1868]
Classmark:  DAR 94: 85–8
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6327

Matches: 27 hits

  • … To J.  D.  Hooker   23 August [1868] …
  • … DAR 94: 85–8 Charles Robert Darwin Down 23 Aug [1868] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … theology ["Dr Hooker on the evidences", 22 Aug 1868, pp. 986–7]. Feels JDH has "immensely …
  • … at Julia Margaret Cameron’s house on 10 August 1868, while Hooker was visiting them. …
  • … Press. 1985–. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1868. Address of the president. Report of the thirty- …
  • … the Advancement of Science was reported or discussed in The Times , 20 August 1868, p.   …
  • … 6, 21 August 1868, p.   …
  • … 4, and 22 August 1868, pp.   …
  • … 4–5; the Daily Telegraph , 20 August 1868, p.   …
  • … 2, and 21 August 1868, p.   …
  • … 6; the Spectator , 22 August 1868, pp.   …
  • … 986–7; and the Athenæum , 22 August 1868, pp.  242–8. See letter …
  • … and plants under domestication. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1868. …
  • … from J.  D.  Hooker, [20 August 1868] and n.  5. …
  • … An editorial article in The Times , 22 August 1868, pp.  4–5, drew attention to Hooker’s …
  • … his discussion of megalithic monuments. See letter from J.  D.  Hooker, [20 August 1868] . …
  • … According to The Times , 21 August 1868, p.  4, John Tyndall , seconding Thomas Henry …
  • … was printed in full in the Athenæum , 22 August 1868, pp.  243–8. Hooker had visited CD …
  • … the Norwich meeting (see letter to Asa Gray, 15 August [1868] ). In his address ( J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker 1868 , p.  lxx), Hooker referred to the Athenæum ’s view, as he saw it, that …
  • … guesses’ about pigeons (see Athenæum , 15 February 1868, p.  243 ([Robertson] 1868a)). …
  • … of his address ( Athenæum , 22 August 1868, p.  242), the editor wrote, ‘although we had …
  • … see letter to John Lubbock, 15 February [1868] and n.  10). Hooker discussed astronomers’ …
  • … Review ( [Jenkin] 1867 ), in his address ( J.  D.  Hooker 1868 , pp.  lxxi–lxxii). In …
  • … his address ( J.  D.  Hooker 1868 , p.  lxxi), Hooker spoke of how Charles Lyell had …
  • … originator of the theory ( J.  D.  Hooker 1868 , p.  lxxi). The Darwins, including Erasmus …
  • … Isle of Wight from 17 July to 20 August 1868 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). Cameron’s …

To J. D. Hooker   1 September [1868]

Summary

Athenæum [Owen’s?] attack on JDH [BAAS address] and CD. False statement that CD’s sole groundwork is from pigeons.

Agrees with JDH on foolishness of Red Lion Club.

Huxley’s want of judgment.

JDH’s argument about astronomy and astronomers.

Pall Mall Gazette [8 (1868): 593, 595–6] and Morning Advertiser on JDH’s address.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  1 Sept [1868]
Classmark:  DAR 94: 89–90
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6342

Matches: 17 hits

  • … D.  Hooker, 30 August  1868 . …
  • … To J.  D.  Hooker   1 September [1868] …
  • … DAR 94: 89–90 Charles Robert Darwin Down 1 Sept [1868] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … and astronomers. Pall Mall Gazette [8 (1868): 593, 595–6] and Morning Advertiser on JDH’s …
  • … Garnier Frères. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1868. Address of the president. Report of the …
  • … this letter and the letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 30 August 1868 . See letter from J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 30 August 1868  and n.  19. A report in the Athenæum of Hooker’s address to …
  • … article in the Pall Mall Gazette , 22 August 1868, p.  1, noted that in Hooker’s address …
  • … sets of opinions. See letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 30 August 1868 . See letter from J.   …
  • … and plants under domestication. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1868. …
  • … statement in his address ( J.  D.  Hooker 1868 , p.  lxx). CD evidently refers to Marie …
  • … letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 30 August 1868 . CD refers to Frances Harriet Hooker . John …
  • … letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 30 August 1868 . CD refers to William Henslow Hooker . Hooker …
  • … meeting of the British Association in his letter of 30 August 1868  and n.  6. See letter …
  • … from J.  D.  Hooker, 30 August 1868 . CD refers to Thomas Henry Huxley . The reference is …
  • … to John Crouch Adams; see letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 30 August 1868 . The …
  • … in the Morning Advertiser , 20 August 1868, p.  5, commented on Hooker’s appointment as …

To W. E. Darwin   8 April [1868]

thumbnail

Summary

Thanks Charles Langstaff for his observations relating to expression. Has requested observations on the platysma. Discusses the actions of other facial muscles, especially during crying. [Encloses 5828.]

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  8 Apr [1868]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 124, 128
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6103

Matches: 18 hits

  • … To W.  E.  Darwin   8 April [1868] …
  • … DAR 210.6: 124, 128 Charles Robert Darwin Down 8 Apr [1868] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … from W.  E.  Darwin, [7 April 1868] and n.  5. [ …
  • … A.  Gray] 1868 . See Correspondence vol.  15, letter from Asa Gray, [ …
  • … of Variation was published in April 1868. CD’s ‘provisional hypothesis of pangenesis’ was …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. [Gray, Asa. ] 1868. [Review of Variation. ] …
  • … Nation 6 (19 March 1868): 234–6. Variation : The variation of animals and plants under …
  • … domestication. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1868. …
  • … and the letter from W.  E.  Darwin, 5 March [1868] . CD refers to Charles Langstaff . See …
  • … letters from W.  E.  Darwin, 5 March [1868] and n.   …
  • … 4, and [7 April 1868] . CD discussed the obliqueness of the eyebrows and the transverse …
  • … pp.  179–93. CD’s query to London surgeons appeared in the 4  April 1868 issue of the …
  • … British Medical Journal 1 (1868): 332 (see letter from St G.   …
  • … J.  Mivart, 6 April 1868 and n.  2). For James Paget’s initial response to CD’s enquiry, …
  • … See letter from William Bowman, 1 April [1868] . CD also refers to Charles Bell . See …
  • … letter to W.  E.  Darwin, [15 March 1868] and n.   6. See letter …
  • … to W.  E.  Darwin, [15 March 1868] and n.  7. CD did not discuss suppressed yawning in …
  • … p.  214). See letter from W.  E.  Darwin, [7 April 1868] and n.  2. See letter …

To J. J. Weir   4 April [1868]

Summary

CD thanks JJW for the mine of information his last "ten!" letters contain. Comments on sexual display of pheasants and colour preferences of pigeons.

Asks about hens that pair earliest in spring and about possible existence of unpaired birds.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Jenner Weir
Date:  4 Apr [1868]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6090

Matches: 16 hits

  • … To J.  J.  Weir   4 April [1868] …
  • … Society (Mss.B.D25. ) Charles Robert Darwin Down 4 Apr [1868] John Jenner Weir …
  • … birds to the beauty of male plumage. See letters from J.  J.  Weir, 7 March 1868 , 23  …
  • … March 1868 , and …
  • … 31 March 1868 . …
  • … CD refers to ten letters from Weir dated between [after 27 February] 1868 and …
  • … 31 March 1868. Alfred Russel Wallace had asked Weir to carry out experiments to test …
  • … letter from J.  J.  Weir, 24 March 1868 ), CD had asked whether he should forward Weir’s …
  • … See letter from H.  W.  Weir, 28 March 1868 . Dun Hen Carrier: a female dun-coloured …
  • … in Descent 2: 118. Roland Trimen visited CD in London on 25 March 1868 (see letter to …
  • … Roland Trimen, [21 March 1868] ). See …
  • … letter from Edward Hewitt, 28 March 1868 . In Descent 2: 117, CD cited Hewitt on the …
  • … publish the results (see letter to J.  J.  Weir, 27 March [1868] , and letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, 31 March 1868  and n.  4). In Descent 1: 417, CD reported Weir’s experiments and …
  • … CD was in London from 3 March to 1 April 1868 (see ‘Journal’ ( Correspondence vol.  16, …
  • … see the letter from J.  J.  Weir, 11 March 1868 . The order Gallinaceae included fowls, …

To W. B. Tegetmeier   23 April [1868]

Summary

Likes WBT’s review [of Variation] in the Field [31 (1868): 309, 350].

Awaits remarks on coloured pigeons and proportion of sexes.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Date:  23 Apr [1868]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6141

Matches: 13 hits

  • … To W.  B.  Tegetmeier   23 April [1868] …
  • … Cox Collection) Charles Robert Darwin Down 23 Apr [1868] William Bernhard Tegetmeier …
  • … s review [of Variation ] in the Field [31 (1868): 309, 350]. Awaits remarks on coloured …
  • … B.  Tegetmeier, 9 March 1868 . Tegetmeier may have discussed his trip …
  • … to Paris when he visited CD in London on 16 March 1868 (see letter to W.   …
  • … B.  Tegetmeier, 17 [March 1868] . CD had been …
  • … in London from 3 March to 1 April 1868 (see ‘Journal’ ( Correspondence vol.  16, Appendix …
  • … and plants under domestication. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1868. …
  • … of Variation that appeared in the 18 April 1868 issue of the Field ([Tegetmeier] 1868b). …
  • … The second part appeared in the 2 May 1868 issue. See letters to W.   …
  • … B.  Tegetmeier, 11 February [1868] , 21  …
  • … February [1868] , and …
  • … 17 [March 1868] , and letter from W.   …

To J. J. Weir   27 March [1868]

Summary

Thanks for information [about sex ratios] received from bird-catchers.

"Can you form any theory about all the many cases which you have given me and others which have been published, of when one pair is killed, another soon appearing?"

Facts about gay-coloured caterpillars very satisfactory.

Comments on Pangenesis.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Jenner Weir
Date:  27 Mar [1868]
Classmark:  Linnean Society of London (Quentin Keynes Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6059

Matches: 19 hits

  • … To J.  J.  Weir   27 March [1868] …
  • … Collection) Charles Robert Darwin London, Chester Place, 4 27 Mar [1868] John Jenner Weir …
  • … expressed support for the theory in his letter of 24 February 1868 . See letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, 23 March 1868  and n.  2. …
  • … this letter and the letter from J.  J.  Weir, [26] March 1868 . See letters from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, 23 March 1868 , 24  …
  • … March 1868 , and [ …
  • … 26] March 1868 . See letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, [26] March 1868  and n.  7. See letter …
  • … from J.  J.  Weir, 23 March 1868 . …
  • … Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1868. Variation US ed. : The variation of animals and …
  • … under domestication. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. New York: Orange Judd & Co. [1868. ] …
  • … Wallace . See letter from J.  J.  Weir, 23 March 1868  and n.  6. Weir’s information was …
  • … to three of the four foreign editions of Variation (Carus trans.  1868, Moulinié trans.   …
  • 1868, Kovalevsky trans.   …
  • 1868–9), but was added to the American edition ( Variation US ed. , 1: iii), and was later …
  • … In a note dated 24 March 1868 (DAR 86: C18), CD wrote, ‘Gould believes strongly that males …
  • … John Gould at the British Museum on 23 March 1868 (DAR 84.2: 209). In Descent 1: 259, CD …
  • … See letter from J.  J.  Weir, 24 March 1868  and n.  1. The reference is to Alfred Russel …

To B. D. Walsh   21 September 1868

Summary

Thanks BDW for pamphlets [by S. H. Scudder and J. D. Caton].

His information about Cicada is of extraordinary interest. Discusses stridulation organs which certainly sometimes differ in the sexes. CD would be curious to know if "dumb" Cicada can breed.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Benjamin Dann Walsh
Date:  21 Sept 1868
Classmark:  Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (Walsh 14)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6382

Matches: 16 hits

  • … To B.  D.  Walsh   21 September 1868
  • … History, Chicago (Walsh 14) Charles Robert Darwin Down 21 Sept 1868 Benjamin Dann Walsh …
  • … organs, see the letter to A.  R.  Wallace, 16 September [1868] and nn.  2 and 3. See …
  • … letter from B.  D.  Walsh, 29 August 1868 . Scudder wrote that the day and night songs …
  • … songs. On the ‘forced’ cicadas, see the letter from B.  D.  Walsh, 29 August 1868 . …
  • … Bibliography Caton, John Dean. 1868. American Cervus. …
  • … the Ottawa Academy of Natural Sciences, 21 May 1868. Ottawa, Illinois: Osman and Hapeman. …
  • … Down. | Bromley. | Kent. S.E. Sep 21 1868 My dear Sir I am very sorry that my book has …
  • … See letter to John Murray, 16 September [1868] , and letter from …
  • … John Murray, 18 September [1868] . CD refers to a work by Samuel Hubbard Scudder on the …
  • … see letter from B.  D.  Walsh, 29 August 1868  and n.  14). CD used information from …
  • … mistakenly cited it as being from the April 1868 issue of the periodical, rather than from …
  • … see Scudder 1867 ). For CD’s use of Caton 1868 , sent to him by Walsh, see the letter to …
  • … J.  D.  Caton, 18 September 1868  and nn.  2–5. For Charles Valentine Riley’s article on …
  • … the letter from B.  D.  Walsh, 29 August 1868 ; Walsh had also asked whether CD could send …
  • … s . See letter from B.  D.  Walsh, 29 August 1868 . For more on CD’s recent investigations …

To J. D. Hooker   21 May [1868]

Summary

JDH too severe on Duke of Argyll.

Pities JDH on [BAAS] address [see 6099]; Huxley feels JDH will do well and will not pity him.

Thinks Huxley will give an excellent and original lecture on geographical distribution of birds.

Has been working hard on sexual selection and correspondence about it.

Mignonette is sterile with its own pollen but any two distinct plants are fertile together. It is utterly mysterious and not even Pangenesis will explain it.

On Lyell’s book [Principles, 10th ed.].

Wallace’s wonderful cleverness, but he is not cautious enough. CD differs from Wallace on birds’ nests and protection.

A. Murray’s miserable criticism of Wallace [J. Travel & Nat. Hist. 1 (1868): 137–45].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  21 May [1868]
Classmark:  DAR 94: 62–4
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6196

Matches: 22 hits

  • … To J.  D.  Hooker   21 May [1868] …
  • … DAR 94: 62–4 Charles Robert Darwin Down 21 May [1868] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … A. Murray’s miserable criticism of Wallace [ J. Travel & Nat. Hist. 1 (1868): 137–45]. …
  • … See letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 20 May 1868 . CD refers to George Douglas Campbell , the …
  • … See letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 20 May 1868  and n.  7. Hooker, as president of the …
  • … to give an address at the annual meeting at Norwich in August 1868 (see letter from J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 20 May 1868 ). CD refers to Thomas Henry Huxley , and to Hooker’s paper on …
  • … See letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 20 May 1868 . CD refers to Alfred Russel Wallace . See …
  • … letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 20 May 1868 . See letter to A.   …
  • … R.  Wallace, 5 May [1868] . …
  • … CD refers to Murray 1868  and the Journal of Travel and Natural History. The Natural …
  • … See letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 20 May 1868  and n.  5. On CD’s relief at being able to …
  • … See letter to J.  D.  Hooker, [20 May 1868] and nn.  2 and 3. CD later discovered that …
  • … from J.  D.  Hooker, 26[–7] February 1868 . CD refers to Variation and George Bentham . …
  • … See letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 20 May 1868 . The Athenæum published …
  • … a scathing review of Variation on 15 February 1868, pp.  243–4. An …
  • … and plants under domestication. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1868. …
  • … floras (see letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 20 May 1868  and n.  11). Henrietta Anne Huxley , …
  • … stayed at Down House from 18 April to 4 May 1868 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)); Huxley …
  • … had been published (see letter from Asa Gray, 18 May 1868 ); French, German, and Russian …
  • … translations were also published in 1868 (see also Correspondence vol.  15 for …
  • … letter from Giovanni Canestrini, 14 May 1868 ). CD refers to Charles Lyell and the tenth …

To H. T. Stainton   2 March [1868]

Summary

Thanks HTS for his valuable information. Hopes to arrive at probable answer to question of proportion of males to females in the progeny of butterflies bred in domestication.

On courtship of butterflies, CD believes something more than chance is involved in determining which male is successful.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Henry Tibbats Stainton
Date:  2 Mar [1868]
Classmark:  Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (General Manuscripts MSS DAR 23)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5967

Matches: 20 hits

  • … To H.  T.  Stainton   2 March [1868] …
  • … Manuscripts MSS DAR 23) Charles Robert Darwin Down 2 Mar [1868] Henry Tibbats Stainton …
  • … T.  Stainton, 21 February [1868] ). CD’s letter to Armand de Quatrefages has …
  • … the letter from Armand de Quatrefages, 4 March 1868 . Quatrefages had written treatises on …
  • … letter from H.  T.  Stainton, 29 February 1868 . Stainton enclosed copies of letters from …
  • … Hellins with his letter to CD of 29 February 1868 . The subject of the ratio of sexes in …
  • … of the Entomological Society on 17 February 1868; both Stainton and Henry Walter Bates …
  • … the meeting to CD (see letter from H.  W.  Bates, 18 February 1868 , and letter from H.   …
  • … T.  Stainton, 20 February 1868 ). In a letter to W.   …
  • … B.  Tegetmeier, 11 February [1868] , CD had asked for records on proportions of sexes in ‘ …
  • … letter from W.  B.  Tegetmeier, [before 15 February 1868] ). See also letter to H.   …
  • … T.  Stainton, 21 February [1868] . Alexander Wallace discussed the ailanthus silk moth, …
  • … in his letter to CD of 25 February 1868 . Wallace had not, in fact, written that a …
  • … later corrected CD on this point (see letter from Alexander Wallace, 14 March 1868 ). In …
  • … his letter to Stainton of 28 February [1868] , CD had asked whether the colouring of …
  • … In a letter to Stainton of 26 February 1868 , Henry Doubleday mentioned that when males of …
  • … letter from H.  T.  Stainton, 29 February 1868 ). In Descent 1: 409, CD argued there was …
  • … referred to as whites and yellows). See letter to Henry Doubleday, 1 March [1868] . See …
  • … letter from Alexander Wallace, 25 February 1868 . CD refers to the behaviour …
  • … Lasiocampa quercus (see letter from Roland Trimen, 20 February 1868 , and letter to H.   …

To J. D. Hooker   26 November [1868]

Summary

CD thought Watson’s article beastly in its criticisms of JDH. Watson’s criticism of CD was not new or important, but fair, so CD could honestly thank him, adding his regret at what was said about JDH.

Is sitting for Woolner bust.

Has read James Croll on alternation of glacial and warmer periods in north and south, which would remove JDH’s objections to cool period extending to equator.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  26 Nov [1868]
Classmark:  DAR 94: 98–101
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6476

Matches: 20 hits

  • … To J.  D.  Hooker   26 November [1868] …
  • … DAR 94: 98–101 Charles Robert Darwin Down 26 Nov [1868] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … visited Down with Hooker between 24 and 30 October 1868 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
  • … University Press. 1985–. Croll, James. 1868. On geological time, and the probable date of …
  • … letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 24 November 1868 . CD probably directed Hooker to look at this …
  • … Watson and to the first part of Watson 1868–70 . For more on Watson’s book and the …
  • … John Murray. 1859. Watson, Hewett Cottrell. 1868–70. Compendium of the Cybele Britannica; …
  • … letter to James Croll, 24 November 1868  and n.  5. CD refers to his publisher, John …
  • … the fifth edition of Origin on 26 December 1868 (see ‘Journal’ ( Correspondence vol.  16, …
  • … letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 24  November 1868  and nn.  1 and 2. CD’s letter to Watson has …
  • … the discussion of CD’s theory, see Watson 1868–70 , 1: 45–59. CD wrote at the back of his …
  • … had arrived at Down on 19 November 1868; Alice Gertrude Woolner , Katherine Euphemia …
  • … Darwin were there from 28 to 30 November 1868. CD refers to Elizabeth Darwin , and also …
  • … who had sailed for New Zealand on 11 November 1868, on the Matoaka ( letter from J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker to James Hector, 10 November 1868 , in Yaldwyn and Hobbs eds.  1998, pp.  102– …
  • … votes (see also The Times , 26 November 1868, p.  10). CD probably refers to Lubbock’s …
  • … see letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 24 November 1868  and n.  4. James Croll had recently sent …
  • … probable date of the glacial and the upper Miocene period’ ( Croll 1868 ; see letters to …
  • … James Croll , 19 September 1868  and …
  • … 24 November 1868 ). See …

To J. B. Innes   2 September 1868

Summary

Surprised and pleased JBI liked his "big book" [Variation].

Luckily, naturalists do not seem to think he has committed suicide with the work.

CD wants to turn over the school accounts to John Robinson [curate of Down]. Writes of other parish news.

Will vote in person for Sir John Lubbock.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Brodie Innes
Date:  2 Sept 1868
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6345

Matches: 18 hits

  • … To J.  B.  Innes   2 September 1868
  • … Society (Mss.B.D25. ) Charles Robert Darwin Down 2 Sept 1868 John Brodie Innes …
  • … 21 November 1868, p.  7). …
  • … the election, see his letter of 31 August 1868 (see also Hutchinson 1914 , 1: 99). On CD’s …
  • … Down. | Bromley. | Kent. S.E. Sep 2. 1868. My dear Innes I am much obliged for yr kind & …
  • … CD refers to the letter from J.  B.  Innes, 31 August 1868 , and to Variation. …
  • … In his letter of 31 August 1868 , Innes wrote that he had included some memoranda …
  • … Bentham in England (see letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 20 May 1868 , and letter from A.   …
  • … and plants under domestication. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1868. …
  • … Rolfe , Baron Cranworth, died on 26 July 1868 at his London home ( ODNB ). Holwood Park, …
  • … Liberal party candidate for West Kent; the election was on 23 November 1868 ( The Times , …
  • … R.  Wallace, 16 August [1868] ). CD had heard news of German men of science who …
  • … Haeckel (see letter from Ernst Haeckel, [before 6 February 1868] ). See letter from J.   …
  • … B.  Innes, 31 August 1868 ; CD refers to Samuel James O’Hara Horsman . In his Account …
  • … for the Down national school of £9 19 s. 2 d. on 15 June 1868; he also paid £13 5 s. …
  • … on 7 July 1868 to a bricklayer, evidently for work on the school. Thomas Sellwood Stephens …
  • … returned from the Isle of Wight on 21 August 1868 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). John …
  • … curate of the parish of Down on 30 August 1868 ( Moore 1985 , p.  477). At times, CD kept …

To A. R. Wallace   15 April [1868]

Summary

Admires ARW’s "Theory of birds’ nests" [J. Travel & Nat. Hist. 1 (1868): 73].

Discusses their respective views on birds’ nests, sexual selection, and protection.

Asks why, if brilliant colours of female butterflies are result of protective mimicry, do not males become equally brilliant? CD believes variation in females alone accounts for it, rather than protection.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Alfred Russel Wallace
Date:  15 Apr [1868]
Classmark:  The British Library (Add MS 46434: 133–5)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6121

Matches: 13 hits

  • … R.  Wallace, 22 February [1868] ). …
  • … To A.  R.  Wallace   15 April [1868] …
  • … Add MS 46434: 133–5) Charles Robert Darwin Down 15 Apr [1868] Alfred Russel Wallace …
  • … the book (see letter from A.  R.  Wallace, 7 February 1868 , n.  4, and letter to A.   …
  • … Bibliography Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1868. A theory of birds’ nests: shewing the relation …
  • … to their mode of nidification. Journal of Travel and Natural History 1 (1868–9): 73–89. …
  • … birds’ nests" [ J. Travel & Nat. Hist. 1 (1868): 73]. Discusses their respective views on …
  • … The year is established by the reference to A.  R.  Wallace 1868 (see n.  2, below). CD …
  • … of birds’ nests’, which appeared in the April 1868 issue of Journal of Travel and Natural …
  • … History ( A.  R.  Wallace 1868 ). Wallace had argued that birds with both sexes brightly …
  • … coloured built open nests ( A.  R.  Wallace 1868 , p.  78). Wallace had given examples of …
  • … incubated the eggs ( A.  R.  Wallace 1868 , pp.  83–4). CD probably refers to a passage …
  • … are pleasing to the other’ ( A.  R.  Wallace 1868 , p.  82). See, for example, A.  R.   …

To J. J. Weir   30 May [1868]

Summary

Glad to have JJW’s opinion on nest-building. Wallace’s view [that skill is learned] is opposed to many facts.

Asks JJW about birds and their behaviour.

Wants information on the first plumage of different breeds of canaries.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Jenner Weir
Date:  30 May [1868]
Classmark:  University of Chicago Library, Special Collections Research Center (Joseph Halle Schaffner collection box 1, folder 2)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6215

Matches: 15 hits

  • … To J.  J.  Weir   30 May [1868] …
  • … collection box 1, folder 2) Charles Robert Darwin Down 30 May [1868] John Jenner Weir …
  • … W.  Bates, 21 May [1868] . Weir apparently did not visit Down in June (see letter …
  • … to J.  J.  Weir, 5 June 1868 ). …
  • … between this letter and the letter from Edward Blyth, 18 May 1868 . See letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, [before 30 May 1868] ; Weir’s comments on the nest-building instinct may have …
  • … see, for example, the letter to A.  R.  Wallace, 5 May [1868] and n.  7). See also letter …
  • … See letter from J.  J.  Weir, [14 April 1868] . CD discussed the relation between immature …
  • … in this section. See letter to W.  B.  Tegetmeier, 20 May [1868] , and letter from W.   …
  • … B.  Tegetmeier, 25 May 1868 . See also letter to H.   …
  • … to J.  J.  Weir, 18 April [1868] , and letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, 20 April 1868 . See letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, 18 May 1868 , and letter from …
  • … Edward Blyth, 18 May 1868  and nn.  4 and 5. Blyth actually wrote to CD about Pavo …
  • … also letter from J.  J.  Weir, 23 March 1868  and n.  7. CD refers to his work on sexual …

To J. B. Innes   15 June [1868]

Summary

CD writes in detail about difficulties with Horsman’s financial accounts and the affairs of the parish.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Brodie Innes
Date:  15 June [1868]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6242

Matches: 10 hits

  • … Stanhope Street, Euston Road ( Post Office London directory 1867, 1868). …
  • … To J.  B.  Innes   15 June [1868] …
  • … Society (Mss.B.D25. ) Charles Robert Darwin Down 15 June [1868] John Brodie Innes …
  • … between this letter and the letter from J.  B.  Innes, 13 June 1868 . See letter from J.   …
  • … B.  Innes, 13 June 1868 . CD refers to Samuel James O’Hara Horsman . See letter from …
  • … S.  J.  O’H.  Horsman, 2 June [1868], and letter to S.  J.   …
  • … O’H.  Horsman, 3 June 1868 . The National School for boys at Down. The master of the …
  • … banking account and cash account (Down House MSS) as paid to Pearson on 15 June 1868. See …
  • … letter to John Lubbock, 15 June [1868] . Bryceson Brothers & Co.   …
  • … at 34 Brook Street, Euston Road, London; in 1868, their street address was altered to 4  …

To A. R. Wallace   27 February [1868]

Summary

Pleased by ARW’s response to Pangenesis.

On negative reception by his friends.

Further argument concerning sterility and natural selection.

Polygamy and sexual selection.

Protection.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Alfred Russel Wallace
Date:  27 Feb [1868]
Classmark:  The British Library (Add MS 46434: 108–11)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5940

Matches: 16 hits

  • … To A.  R.  Wallace   27 February [1868] …
  • … of protective coloration, see the letter from Albany Hancock, 8 February 1868  and n.  3. …
  • … Add MS 46434: 108–11) Charles Robert Darwin Down 27 Feb [1868] Alfred Russel Wallace …
  • … this letter and the letter from A.  R.  Wallace, 24 February 1868 . See letter from A.   …
  • … R.  Wallace, 24 February 1868  and n.  5. …
  • … letter from Henry Holland, 11 February [1868] . CD refers to Joseph Dalton Hooker ; see …
  • … from J.  D.  Hooker,   26[–7] February 1868 . CD refers to Herbert Spencer ; see letter …
  • … plants under domestication. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1868. Wallace, …
  • … Alfred Russel. 1868. A theory of birds’ nests: shewing the relation of certain sexual …
  • … to their mode of nidification. Journal of Travel and Natural History 1 (1868–9): 73–89. …
  • … letter from A.  R.  Wallace, 24 February 1868 . CD was in London from 3 March to 1 April ( …
  • … Berthold Carl Seeman (see also letter to John Murray, 25 February [1868] and n.  5). On …
  • … from A.   R.  Wallace, 24 February 1868  and n.  6. CD refers to George Howard Darwin , …
  • … selection, see the enclosure to his letter of 1 March 1868 . See Variation 2: 185–9. …
  • … A.  R.  Wallace 1868 . See letter from A.   …
  • … R.  Wallace, 24 February 1868  and n.  3. On birds of paradise, see …

To G. H. Darwin   [9 December 1868]

thumbnail

Summary

Asks GHD to look in William Thomson’s book [W. Thomson and P. G. Tait, Treatise on natural philosophy, vol. 1 (1867)] to see how many million years ago Thomson says earth’s crust solidified. CD is troubled by "brevity of the world", because pre-Silurian creatures must have lived during endless ages "else my views wd be wrong, which is impossible – Q.E.D.".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Howard Darwin
Date:  [9 Dec 1868]
Classmark:  DAR 210.1: 6
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6496

Matches: 18 hits

  • … To G.  H.  Darwin   [9 December 1868] …
  • … DAR 210.1: 6 Charles Robert Darwin Down [9 Dec 1868] George Howard Darwin …
  • … University of Chicago Press. Croll, James. 1868. On geological time, and the probable date …
  • … the relationship between this letter and the letter from G.  H.  Darwin, 8 December 1868 . …
  • … In 1868, the first Wednesday following 8 December was 9 December. ‘Backy’ was a childhood …
  • … See letter from G.  H.  Darwin, 8 December 1868 . A note in pencil in George’s hand above …
  • … abstract, see the letter from James Croll, [2 December 1868] . According to Emma Darwin’s …
  • … 242), George went to Wales on 16 December 1868. CD had claimed in Origin , p.  307, that …
  • … letter from G.  H.  Darwin, 8 December 1868  and n.  6). CD refers to the fifth edition …
  • … of Origin (see letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 26 November [1868] . …
  • … see letter to J.  D.  Hooker, [8–10 September 1868] ). According to Emma Darwin’s diary ( …
  • … the Darwins saw the Nortons several times from September 1868 onwards, but no mention is …
  • … made of a visit in December 1868. A note in pencil following the proverb reads ‘(mine …
  • … and the upper Miocene period’ ( Croll 1868 ). Croll does not quote Thomson directly but …
  • … Croll had sent CD a copy of the paper (see letters to James Croll , 19 September 1868  and …
  • … 24 November 1868 ). Samuel Haughton discussed the age of the earth and Thomson’s argument …
  • … letter from G.  H.  Darwin, 8 December 1868  and n.  3. Lyell does not refer to Haughton’s …
  • … of the earth or Thomson’s theory. See letter from James Croll, 2 December 1868  and n.  2. …
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Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex

Summary

The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…

Matches: 27 hits

  • …   On 6 March 1868, Darwin wrote to the entomologist and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If …
  • … The quantity of his correspondence increased dramatically in 1868; the increase was due largely to …
  • … and his immediate circle of friends and relations. In July 1868 Darwin was still anticipating that …
  • … and not too much’ ( letter to Albert Günther, 15 May [1868] ). My book is horribly …
  • … as early as 1865, the two-volume work appeared in January 1868. A final delay caused by the indexing …
  • … look rather blank’ ( letter from W. S. Dallas, 8 January 1868 ). Darwin sympathised, replying on …
  • … fairly nauseated’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 February [1868] ). But such worries were laid to …
  • … was clearly impressed by Lewes’s reviews. On 7 August 1868 , he wrote him a lengthy letter from …
  • … not behind my back’ ( letter to John Murray, 25 February [1868] ). Wallace commiserated: ‘I am …
  • … to the paper’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 24 February [1868] ). The review was in fact by John …
  • … a veritable ass’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 1 September [1868] ). I am bothered with …
  • … Yorkshire, wrote of the colour of duck claws on 17 April 1868 . The letter was addressed to ‘the …
  • … Commons than any assembly in the world’ (from ?, 6 April 1868). On 21 May , Darwin complained to …
  • … breeder, who apologised in a letter of 11–13 May 1868 for his ‘voluminuous zeal’, and offered …
  • … changes in the canary (letters from J. J. Weir, [26] March 1868 and 3 June 1868 ). ‘It was …
  • … clear that I have none’ ( letter to J. J. Weir, 30 May [1868] ). Sexual selection …
  • … ratios was scanty, and he spent much of the first half of 1868 collecting facts on this question, …
  • … may be gained’ ( letter to H. T. Stainton, 21 February [1868] ). From the beginning, Darwin had …
  • … males getting wives’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 25 February [1868] ). Yet a number of Darwin’s …
  • … the American entomologist Benjamin Dann Walsh on 25 March 1868 . Wallace maintained that males …
  • … entomologists ( letter from Roland Trimen, 20 February 1868 , and letter from Robert MacLachlan, …
  • … in attracting females. J. J. Weir reported on 14 April 1868 that a bullfinch had piped a German …
  • … odour sexual!’ ( letter to A . R. Wallace, 16 September [1868] ). Francis sought additional advice …
  • … to his mother Emma in a letter dated [after 16 October 1868] : ‘I had a long work with Crotch to …
  • … in the dyed hen ( letter from Harrison Weir, 28 March 1868 ). Writing on the same day, Edward …
  • … of Species”’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 4 October 1868 ). Heaven protect my stomach …
  • … of Nat. Selection’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 8 [April] 1868 ). Researching emotion …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 30 hits

  • … for ease of distribution sometime in late 1867 or early 1868. Darwin went over his questions, …
  • … in Ceylon, wrote the botanist George Thwaites on 22 July 1868 , “all endeavour to drill their …
  • … Scottish botanist John Scott wrote from Calcutta, 4 May 1868 : “Shame is … expressed by an …
  • … Bulmer, J 13 Aug 1868 [Gipps Land, nr. Flemington? …
  • … Bunnett, Templeton 13 Aug 1868 Echuca, Australia …
  • … Darwin, W.E. [after 29 March 1868] Chester Place, …
  • … Darwin, W.E. [7? April 1868] Southampton, England …
  • … Darwin, W.E. [22? April 1868] Southampton, England …
  • … Forbes, David 26 March 1868 Boulton, England (about …
  • … Geach, F.F. April 1868 Johore, Malaysia …
  • … Glenie, S.O. 22 July 1868 Peradeniya, Ceylon …
  • … Glenie, S.O. [July 1868] Trincomalee, Ceylon …
  • … Hagenauer, J.A. 13 Aug 1868 Flemington, Australia …
  • … Hawkshaw, Cicely Mary (to ED) 9 Feb 1868 Liphook, …
  • … Hooker, J.D. 5 Sept 1868 Kew, London (about Nagasaki …
  • … Lacy, Dyson [before 13 Aug 1868] [Queensland, …
  • … Lane, H.B. 13 Aug 1868 Belfast, Australia? …
  • … Lang, Archibald G. 13 Aug 1868 [Coranderrk, …
  • … Muller, Fritz 30 Jan [1868] Itajahy, Santa Catharina …
  • … Reade, Winwood W. 23 May 1868 Conservative Club, …
  • … Scherzer, Karl Von 20 Oct 1868 Ministry of Commerce, …
  • … Scott, John 4 May 1868 Royal Botanic Gardens, …
  • … Smyth, R. Brough 13 Aug 1868 Flemington, Australia …
  • … Speedy, J. 29 Sept 1868 Freshwater, Isle of Wight, …
  • … Swinhoe, Robert 4 Aug 1868 British Legation, Peking, …
  • … Thwaites, G.H.K. 1 Apr 1868 Peradeniya, Ceylon …
  • … Walsh, B.D. 25 March 1868 Rock Island, Illinois, USA …
  • … Weale, J.P.M. 23 Oct 1868 Bedford, Cape of Good Hope …
  • … Sarah E to ED [30 March-12 April 1868] London, …
  • … Wilson, Edward 19 Feb 1868 Hayes, Bromley, Kent, …

6430_10256

Summary

From Sven Nilsson to J. D. Hookerf1   25 October 1868Lund (Suède)25 Okt. 1868.Monsieur le Professeur! J’ai écrit à deux de mes amis qui ont des connaissances personnelles à la Lapponie, pour avoir les…

Matches: 12 hits

  • … From Sven Nilsson to J. D. Hooker f1    25 October 1868 Lund (Suède) 25 Okt. 1868. …
  • … CD’s query, see the letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 August 1868. Hooker passed CD’s query to Nilsson at …
  • … in Norwich (see letter from J. D. Hooker, 30 August 1868). f3 Nilsson sent the response in …
  • … An English translation was never published. Earlier in 1868, Longman’s, Green, and Company had …
  • … of northern Europe during the Stone Age (Nilsson 1868); see letter to John Lubbock, 15 February …
  • … on Nilsson’s view in Lubbock’s introduction to Nilsson 1868, pp. xxxv–xxxvi. …
  • … From Sven Nilsson to J. D. Hooker f1    25 October 1868 Lund (Sweden) 25 Oct. 1868
  • … CD’s query, see the letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 August 1868. Hooker passed CD’s query to Nilsson at …
  • … in Norwich (see letter from J. D. Hooker, 30 August 1868). f3 Nilsson sent the response in …
  • … An English translation was never published. Earlier in 1868, Longman’s, Green, and Company had …
  • … of northern Europe during the Stone Age (Nilsson 1868); see letter to John Lubbock, 15 February …
  • … on Nilsson’s view in Lubbock’s introduction to Nilsson 1868, pp. xxxv–xxxvi. …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … to produce capsules’ ( To Fritz Müller, 30 January [1868] ). Müller, in turn, sent seeds from his …
  • … produced by the former ( From Robert Caspary, 18 February 1868 ). Darwin eagerly requested seed …
  • … their power of growth’ ( To Robert Caspary, 25 February [1868] ).  By this time he had already …
  • … (Variation 2: 128-9), which was published on 30 January 1868. In April 1868, Darwin informed …
  • … quite intelligible to me’ ( To George Bentham, 22 April 1868 ). A month later, he had another set …
  • … taken from the same plant!’ ( To J. D. Hooker, 21 May [1868] ) Pollen tubes, or rapidly elongating …
  • … he told Müller ( To Fritz Müller, 28 November 1868 ). In March 1869, Müller reported results of …

Reading my roommate’s illustrious ancestor: To T. H. Huxley, 10 June 1868

Summary

My roommate at Harvard College was Tom Baum, now a Hollywood screenwriter.  Tom’s full name is Thomas Henle Baum, his middle name a reference to a German physician ancestor for whom the ‘Loop of Henle’ in the kidney had been named.  Other than this iconic…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … with two copies of Part II of Volume 16 (July – December 1868) and no copy of Part I (January – June …
  • … my interest.  And as I did so, my eyes fell on a 10 June 1868 Darwin letter to Huxley in which …

5935_4582

Summary

From J. D. Hooker   26[–7] February 1868KewFeby 26th/68Dear Darwin I have been bursting with impatience to hear what you would say of the Athenæum Review & who wrote it— I could not conceive who…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … From J. D. Hooker   26[–7] February 1868 Kew Feby 26 th /68 Dear Darwin …
  • … to Richard Owen (see letter to J. D. Hooker, 23 February [1868]); the review was by John Robertson ( …
  • … 1867) was reviewed in the Athenæum , 8 February 1868, pp. 217–18. f3 CD had discussed …
  • … CD’s reply. See letter to J. D. Hooker, 28 February [1868] and nn. 8–10. …

5873_1488

Summary

From B. J. Sulivan   13 February [1868]f1 Bournemouth Feby. 13. My dear Darwin As Mr Stirling has sent me the recpt. you may as well have it with the Photo of the four Fuegian boys which he wishes me to send you in case you have not seen it. He…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … From B. J. Sulivan   13 February [1868] f1 Bournemouth Feby. 13. My dear …

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of the fish and hence of all higher vertebrates,  23 March 1868 Roland Trimen on the …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 10 hits

  • … Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H., [30 January 1868] Darwin asks Thomas Huxley to …
  • … 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S. E., [9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephew, Edmund, …
  • … - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephews, Edmund …
  • … Letter 6139  - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Doubleday responds to Darwin’s …
  • … Letter 6046  - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments …
  • … Letter 6083  - Casparay, J. X. R. to Darwin, [2 April 1868] Casparay details his …
  • … Letter 6139  - Doubleday, H. to Darwin, [22 April 1868] Naturalist Henry Doubleday …
  • … Letter 6046  - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] John Weir describes experiments …
  • … Letter 6066  - Weir, H. W. to Darwin, [28 March 1868] Harrison Weir passes on …
  • … Letter 6081  - Darwin to Bowman, W., [2 April 1868] Darwin requests surgeon and …

Descent

Summary

There are more than five hundred letters associated with the research and writing of Darwin’s book, Descent of man and selection in relation to sex (Descent). They trace not only the tortuous route to eventual publication, but the development of Darwin’s…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … in two volumes in 1871, yet as late as the summer of 1868 Darwin thought it would be only a ‘ short …
  • … writing it up as a separate publication in early February 1868 , wading through a ‘ mass of …
  • … Variation was finally off his hands at the beginning of 1868, the volume of his correspondence …
  • … are more than 260 surviving letters from February and March 1868 alone, two or three times the usual …
  • … the details of the experiment were discussed in March 1868 , it seems the original suggestion of …
  • … & sexual selection’ Darwin wrote to Wallace in September 1868, but although he had ‘ oscillated …

Inheritance

Summary

It was crucial to Darwin’s theories of species change that naturally occurring variations could be inherited.  But at the time when he wrote Origin, he had no explanation for how inheritance worked – it was just obvious that it did.  Darwin’s attempt to…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … 'provisional hypothesis of Pangenesis’, was published in 1868 in his book, Variation of …
  • … some other name. (  to J. D. Hooker, 23 February '1868] )   And took …
  • … hardly possible. ( from A. R. Wallace, 24 February 1868 ) Darwin’s …

William Winwood Reade

Summary

On 19 May 1868, an African explorer and unsuccessful novelist, William Winwoode Reade (1838–1875) offered to help Darwin, and started a correspondence and, arguably, a collaboration, that would last until Reade's death. After a first 1861 tour of…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … On 19 May 1868 , an African explorer and unsuccessful novelist, William Winwoode Reade …
  • … Nonetheless, Reade contacted Charles Darwin in 1868 to offer his services: his second expedition to …

Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts

Summary

At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of  Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…

Matches: 4 hits

  • …  vol. 16, letter to W. D. Fox, 12 December [1868] ). He may have resented the interruption to his …
  • … on the German translation of  Variation  (Carus trans. 1868). The French translation proved …
  • … the French edition of  Variation  (Moulinié trans. 1868), and CD now extended his permission for …
  • … Scientific Opinion , launched towards the end of 1868, was one of several periodicals begun in …

Darwin and the Church

Summary

The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … a cow and a red deer (letter from J. B. Innes, 7 December 1868 ). Innes had a tendency to tease …
  • … he left behind (letter from S. J. O’H. Horsman, 2 June [1868] ). Among the reasons justifying his …
  • … the church’s organ fund (letter to J. B. Innes, 15 June [1868] ). So embroiled in this process …
  • … the Down parish church (letter to J. B. Innes, 1 December 1868 ). Darwin wrote of the next …

Darwin's life in letters

Summary

For all his working life, Darwin used letters as a way both of discussing ideas and gathering the ‘great quantities of facts’ that he used in developing and supporting his theories. They form a fascinating collection from many hundreds of correspondents,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … letters. ( Darwin to John Jenner Weir, [6 March 1868] ) For all his working life …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Letter 5861 - Blyth, E. to Darwin, [11 February 1868] Zoologist Edward Blyth sends …
  • … Letter 5928 - Gray, A. to Darwin, [25 February 1868] American naturalist Asa Gray …
  • … Letter 6040 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [23 March 1868] Haeckel informs Darwin …
  • … Letter 6110 - Samuelson, J. to Darwin, [10 April 1868] James Samuel, editor of …
  • … Letter 6126 - Binstead, C. H. to Darwin, [17 April 1868] Charles Binstead, “an …
  • … Letter 6237 - Bullar, R. to Darwin, [9 June 1868] Rosa Bullar reports a case of a …
  • … Letter 6335 - Innes, J. B. to Darwin, [31 August 1868] John Innes reports that he has …

Have you read the one about....

Summary

... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Letter 6167 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 8 May [1868] Darwin writes to Gray about his review …
  • … 6223 — Horsman, S. J. H. to Darwin, C. R., 2 June [1868] Horsman attempts to convince Darwin …
  • … Letter 6241 — Innes, J. B. to Darwin, C. R., 13 June 1868 J. B. Innes, vicar of Down writes …
  • … Letter 6486 — Darwin, C. R. to Innes, J. B., 1 Dec 1868 Darwin writes to J. B. Innes, vicar …
  • … Letter 6492 — Innes, J. B. to Darwin, C. R., 4 Dec 1868 J. B. Innes, vicar of Down provides …
  • … Letter 6501 — Innes, J. B. to Darwin, C. R., 12 Dec 1868 J. B. Innes, vicar of Down is …

Species and varieties

Summary

On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … selection ( Origin 4th ed., pp. 323–6). However, by 1868, in The variation of animals and …
  • … discussion of the issue with Alfred Wallace in the spring of 1868. Wallace had sent a concise …
  • … natural selection ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 1 March 1868 ). Darwin turned to his son George, a …
  • … as insoluble’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 8 [April] 1868 ). Ultimately, Darwin’s view was …

Controversy

Summary

The best-known controversies over Darwinian theory took place in public or in printed reviews. Many of these were highly polemical, presenting an over-simplified picture of the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Letter 6024 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 19 Mar 1868 Wallace writes to Darwin with a …
  • … Letter 6033 — Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., [21 Mar 1868] Darwin lets Wallace know he has …
  • … Letter 6045 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 24 Mar [1868] Wallace returns George Darwin’s …
  • … Letter 6058 — Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., 27 Mar [1868] Darwin writes to Wallace saying …
  • … Letter 6095 — Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., 6 Apr [1868] Darwin writes to Wallace on the …
  • … Letter 6104 — Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 8 [Apr] 1868 Wallace says if Darwin is not …
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