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Survival of the fittest: the trouble with terminology Part II
Summary
The most forceful and persistent critic of the term ‘natural selection’ was the co-discoverer of the process itself, Alfred Russel Wallace. Wallace seized on Herbert Spencer’s term ‘survival of the fittest’, explicitly introduced as an alternative way of…
Matches: 4 hits
- … process itself, Alfred Russel Wallace. Wallace seized on Herbert Spencer’s term ‘survival of the …
- … 'natural selection' in the October 1864 instalment of Spencer’s Principles of biology …
- … a defence he used more than once, and that Spencer also continued to use both terms. In fact …
- … of the better’ (see Spencer 1872, and the letter to Herbert Spencer, 10 June [1872] ). By …
Rewriting Origin - the later editions
Summary
For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions. Many of his changes were made in…
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 11 hits
- … Moggridge, and Ernst Haeckel, and also a meeting with Herbert Spencer, who was visiting Darwin’s …
- … of coffee to two cups a day, since coffee, with the ‘10 drops of Muriatic acid twice a day (with …
- … the chemistry go on better’ ( letter from H. B. Jones, 10 February [1866] ). Darwin began …
- … you are in for it’ ( letter from H. E. Darwin, [ c . 10 May 1866] ). Henrietta’s letter …
- … ‘survival of the fittest’, an expression first used by Herbert Spencer in an 1864 instalment of …
- … alter the fourth edition of Origin , Darwin did insert Spencer’s expression at numerous places in …
- … work’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 June [1866] ). He met Spencer during a visit to the Lubbocks in …
- … ). He later expressed amusement at Hooker’s description of Spencer as a ‘thinking pump’: ‘I read …
- … know how to begin’ ( letter to Fritz Müller, [before 10 December 1866] ). The intrusion of …
- … other German states and Austria in June and July. Writing on 10 May from Württemberg, one of the …
- … the support of prominent individuals. Darwin was asked by Herbert Spencer to sign a list of …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 21 hits
- … (12) Agassiz, Louis (10) Agent for Mr Allen …
- … Arruda Furtado, Francisco d’ (10) Ashburner, Lionel (1) …
- … (1) Babbage, Charles (10) Babington, C. C. …
- … (1) Covington, Syms (10) Cowper-Temple, W. F. …
- … (9) Errera, L. A. (10) Erskine, H. N. B. …
- … (13) Forbes, Edward (10) Forbes, J. D. …
- … François de Chaumont, F. S. B. (10) Fraser, George (3) …
- … (1) Gosse, P. H. (10) Goubert, E. M. J. M. P. …
- … (1) Harcourt, E. W. V. (10) Hardwicke’s …
- … Henty, William (3) Herbert, H. H. M. (1) …
- … (1) Leighton, W. A. (10) Leng, H. H. …
- … (60) Litchfield, R. B. (10) Literary Fund …
- … (1) Miller, W. H. (10) Milne Home, David …
- … (7) Reeks, Henry (10) Reeks, Trenham …
- … (5) Reuter, Adolf (10) Reviewer (1) …
- … Spence, H. D. M. (1) Spencer, Herbert (22) …
- … (1) Stanley, M. C. (10) Stanley, Thomas …
- … (14) Wedgwood, F. J. (10) Wedgwood, F. M. …
- … (72) Weismann, August (10) Weisz, Béla …
- … (4) Westwood, J. O. (10) Wetherell, N. T. …
- … (1) Wollaston, T. V. (10) Wolstenholme, Joseph …
4.24 'Daily Graphic', Nast satire
Summary
< Back to Introduction In 1874 the Harvard philosopher John Fiske published his magnum opus, Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy, in which he set out to explain the far-reaching significance of Darwin’s and Herbert Spencer’s evolutionary theories. He…
Matches: 5 hits
- … to explain the far-reaching significance of Darwin’s and Herbert Spencer’s evolutionary theories. …
- … and reptiles to monkeys and finally an ape reading Herbert Spencer’s First Principles. Another …
- … then as much deduction as you please . . . such parts of H. Spencer, as I have read with care …
- … his friends, who objected to its vulgarity in so degrading Spencer and Darwin, Fiske’s ready …
- … letters inviting Fiske to Down House: DCP-LETT-12098 (10 June 1879) and DCP-LETT-12606 (14 May [1880 …
Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 6 hits
- … interesting to the public’ ( letter to Reginald Darwin, 10 April [1879] ). However, even members …
- … he disagreed with Henrietta, or that Krause had written on 10 July to say that he had derived …
- … Bernard had reached an altogether more advanced stage. ‘Herbert Spencer says in his new book ‘Data …
- … about the nature of Malcolm Guthrie’s critique of Herbert Spencer’s views of the theory of natural …
- … & experiment’ ( letter from J. F. Moulton, 10 December 1879 ). In reply to Darwin’s response …
- … Leopold Würtenberger fared better. When he wrote on 10 January to ask whether Darwin could find him …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 26 hits
- … Marcel de Serres Cavernes d’Ossements 7 th Ed. 10 8 vo . [Serres 1838] good to trace Europ. …
- … 1823] of range of plants. 13 Books quoted by Herbert [Herbert 1837] p. 338 Schiede …
- … 1826]— has remarks on acclimatizing of plants. Herbert [Herbert 1837] p. 348 gives reference …
- … Read M r Bennetts & other Edit. by Hon. & Rev. W. Herbert.— notes to White Nat. Hist of …
- … on wheat [Le Couteur 1836] Bechstein on Caged Birds. 10 s 6 d . translated by Rennie …
- … Agricultural Association meeting at Oxford. paper by L d Spencer on gestation of animals [Spencer …
- … Soc read Prichards. Nat: History of Man. Bailliere. 1.10 [Prichard 1843] must be studied . …
- … Des ). De leur Anatomie, Reproduction et Culture. 4to. Avec 10 planches. Amsterdam, 1768. 12 s . …
- … G. Browne 1799]— well skimmed 1839 Jan 10 All life of W. Scott [Lockhart 1837–8] …
- … Life of Haydn & Mozart [Beyle 1817] —— Herbert on Hybrid mixture [Herbert 1837]— marginal …
- … Voyage of Kolff to the Molucca Sea [Kolff 1840] 10 th Surville-Marion [Crozet 1783]. …
- … 1839]. References at end. chiefly on instincts 10 th . Blackwalls Researches in Zoology …
- … 1839–40]. references at end.— Maer (June 10 to Nov. 14. 1840) Smellies Buffon 3 d …
- … Hilaire: [I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1841] d[itt]o: 10 th Journal de Phys. [ Observations …
- … [Lyman 1781] [DAR 119: 10b] Dec. 10 th The Hour & Man. H. Martineau [H. …
- … Dog [C. H. Smith 1839–40] 2 d . vol. d[itt]o Nov. 10 th Sprengel. Endeckte Geheimniss. …
- … Nat. Lib. vol 14 [Waterhouse 1841] Marked—— 10 th Veterinary [ Veterinarian ] 1828 Vol 1 …
- … & Mary. & Anne [Smollett 1805].— 1842 Jan 10 M rs Hamilton Grays Etruria [E …
- … Royle Prod. Resources of India [Royle 1840] abst June 10 th Miller’s old Red Sandstone [H. …
- … Selbourn by Bennett [E. T. Bennett ed. 1837], notes by W. Herbert, Rennie [J. Rennie] ed. 1833]. …
- … and “Botanist”, not “Botanists”. 14 Herbert 1837, p. 348, reads: “Kolreuter’s …
- … ). 19 According to the DNB , William Herbert provided notes for both William …
- … (1858) also in Darwin Library.] 128: 8 Edwardes, Herbert Benjamin. 1851. A year on the …
- … 3–28. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection.] 119: 10a Herbert, William. 1837. Amaryllidaceæ; …
- … London poor . 3 vols. London. 119: 23b Mayo, Herbert. 1837. The philosophy of living. …
- … James Rennie with the assistance of Robert Sweet and William Herbert.] London. *119: 6v.; 119: 20a …
Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers
Summary
In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…
Matches: 6 hits
- … within the family, Henrietta explained to Stephen on 10 January , hoping that he did not think …
- … investigate aggregation. He explained to Fritz Müller on 10 September why he had embarked on …
- … to the general stock of knowledge’ ( letter to E. W. Bok, 10 May 1881 ). Josef Popper, an expert …
- … he become a British Museum trustee; and he would not join Herbert Spencer’s Anti-Aggression League …
- … to R. F. Cooke, 5 October 1881 ). The publication date was 10 October, but by 7 October Darwin …
- … of soil, while his brother James Geikie told Darwin on 10 October that no one would ‘any longer …
New material added to the American edition of Origin
Summary
A ‘revised and augmented’ American edition of Origin came on the market in July 1860, and was the only authorised edition available in the US until 1873. It incorporated many of the changes Darwin made to the second English edition, but still contained…
Matches: 4 hits
- … their response to Darwin (see letters from Asa Gray, [10 January 1860], [17 January 1860], and 23 …
- … prise sur lui.’’ In England, the Hon. and Rev. W. Herbert, afterwards Dean of Manchester, in …
- … peuvent être de valeur générique .’’ Mr. Herbert Spencer, in an Essay (originally …
- … how selection can act under nature. He believes, like Dean Herbert, that species when nascent were …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 4 hits
- … perseverance, and his knowledge’ ( letter to John Scott, 10 June 1864 ). Hooker met Scott in …
- … “Darwin–Mann” ’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 10 August 1864 ). Haeckel sent Darwin a number of his …
- … most of the old Testament’ ( Correspondence vol. 10, letter to Asa Gray, 6 November [1862] ). …
- … in, if somewhat sceptical of, the first instalments of Herbert Spencer’s Principles of biology …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 5 hits
- … an insignificant figure, as a cube of cartilage of 1 / 10 inch is almost beyond their …
- … 1874 ). Darwin immediately sent a donation of £100, and £10 each from his sons George and Francis ( …
- … physiologist George John Romanes wrote a long letter to Herbert Spencer about Darwin’s discussion of …
- … and sent a copy to Darwin ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 10 July 1874 ). After a second letter from …
- … the Beagle) in December ( letter from C.-F. Reinwald , 10 December 1874 ). Samuel Jean Pozzi and …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'
Summary
The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…
Matches: 5 hits
- … and momentous conviction that species were mutable (S. Herbert 1980, p. 12; Sulloway 1982b). Using …
- … preserved from this period are the exchanges with William Herbert, Dean of Manchester, a wealthy …
- … were as distinct and lasting as true species. In short, to Herbert, the distinction between species …
- … interpretations of phenomena. Schweber (1977, pp. 304–10) sees a growing agnosticism in the …
- … The letters about Kemp’s seeds and the William Herbert correspondence, which was mainly concerned …
Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?
Summary
Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…
