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What is an experiment?
Summary
Darwin is not usually regarded as an experimenter, but rather as an astute observer and a grand theorist. His early career seems to confirm this. He began with detailed note-taking, collecting and cataloguing on the Beagle, and edited a descriptive zoology…
Matches: 8 hits
- … affinity. The two-fold division of Darwin’s science between observation and theory also seems …
- … on the wane, and it was gradually eclipsed in Darwin’s own lifetime by the more specialized, …
- … observation’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 22 December 1857 ). Much of his research and many …
- … controlled space with specialized equipment. In Darwin’s day this was by no means the case. The …
- … (small plots of land). Experimentation in Darwin’s day was not the monopoly of elite, highly …
- … Foster. A final feature to note about Darwin’s experimental life is the pleasure that it …
- … have become very fond of little experiments’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [21 March 1857] ; letter …
- … detailed observation and experimental work became Darwin’s driving passion, his greatest balm at …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 16 hits
- … for building and maintaining such connections. Darwin's networks extended from his family …
- … The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. Hooker. The second is between Darwin …
- … Hooker Letter 714 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., [13 or 20 Nov 1843] Darwin …
- … Letter 736 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 23 Feb [1844] Darwin begins with a charming …
- … flora of the USA. He sends a list of plants from Gray’s Manual of botany [1848] and asks him to …
- … recalled meeting Darwin three years earlier at Hooker’s. Gray has filled up Darwin’s paper [see …
- … Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 20 July [1857] Darwin writes a challenging letter …
- … Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct [1848] Darwin catches up on personal …
- … reform, Darwin opposes appending first describer’s name to specific name. Letter 1220 — …
- … Letter 1260 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 12 Oct 1849 Darwin opens by discussing their …
- … lamination of gneiss. Letter 1319 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., 6 & 7 Apr 1850 …
- … Mentors Darwin's close relationship with John Stevens Henslow, the professor of botany …
- … Mentors This collection of letters documents Henslow’s mentoring while Darwin was on the …
- … mail to Montevideo. He talks of being a sort of Protégé of Henslow’s and it is Henslow’s “bounden …
- … of his notes on the specimens. Letter 249 — Henslow, J. S. to Darwin, C. R., 22 July …
- … of the ephippium”, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 147 (1857): 79–100]. Darwin and Müller …
The "wicked book": Origin at 157
Summary
Origin is 157 years old. (Probably) the most famous book in science was published on 24 November 1859. To celebrate we have uploaded hundreds of new images of letters, bringing the total number you can look at here to over 9000 representing more than…
Matches: 6 hits
- … from the key players in the drama surrounding Origin’ s publication: Alfred Russel Wallace , …
- … and Joseph Hooker , the two men who arranged for Darwin’s and Wallace’s ideas to be made public …
- … less well-known scientific collaborators who became Darwin's correspondents, Mary Treat , an …
- … Henrietta , Francis , Leonard, and Horace. Francis’s fiancée, Amy Ruck, was co-opted as an …
- … me on rising William Darwin Fox , Charles’s cousin and another friend, compared …
- … Thiselton-Dyer George Cupples H. C. Watson J. J. Weir H. W. Bates …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 17 hits
- … came on 19 April. Plans were made for a burial in St Mary’s churchyard in Down, where his brother …
- … Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwin’s greatest scientific pleasure. The year …
- … some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwin’s interest in root response and the effects …
- … vegetables such as potatoes, carrots, and beets. Romanes’s experiments had been conducted to lend …
- … asymmetric, thus facilitating cross-fertilisation. Darwin’s aim, he said, was just to ‘have the …
- … 1882 ). Earthworms and evolution Darwin’s last book, Earthworms , had been …
- … V). The conservative Quarterly Review , owned by Darwin’s publisher John Murray, carried an …
- … them half the worm had disappeared down the frog’s throat. I watched them for a quarter of an hour …
- … with both combatants the worse for wear. Darwin’s writing on human evolution continued to …
- … famous writer Louisa May Alcott. The importance of Darwin’s work in inspiring future research was …
- … ( letter to C. A. Kennard, 9 January 1882 ). Kennard’s reply must be read in full to be …
- … of art (Collier 1882), which seemed to follow Darwin’s views on the aesthetic sense of animals, …
- … February 1882 ). Collier had married Thomas Henry Huxley’s daughter Marian. He returned the joke: …
- … The two men also agreed on the deficiencies of Huxley’s argument that animals were conscious …
- … Darwin continued to delight in his children’s accomplishments. In a letter to Anthony Rich, he …
- … the Rock’ ( letter to E. W. V. Harcourt, 13 December [1857] ). In May 1857, Darwin wrote to …
- … class with Lyell’ ( letter to William Sharpey, 22 May [1857] ). There are a few letters …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 20 hits
- … Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
- … - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, responds to Darwin’s …
- … February 1867] Mary Barber responds to Darwin’s queries about Expression from …
- … him. Letter 6535 - Vaughan Williams , M. S. to Darwin, H. E., [after 14 October …
- … of wormholes. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to Darwin, E., [8 November1872] …
- … and offers to observe birds, insects or plants on Darwin’s behalf. Letter 8683 - …
- … passes on brief observations of an angry pig and her niece’s ears. Letter 8701 - …
- … wife of naturalist John Lubbock, responds to Darwin’s request that she make observations of her pet …
- … Thereza Story-Maskelyne responds to a letter of Darwin’s which was published in Nature with some …
- … Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for …
- … and orangs. Letter 5705 - Haast, J. F. J. von to Darwin, [4 December 1867] …
- … in a marble tablet”. Letter 6815 - Scott, J. to Darwin, [2 July 1869] John …
- … Men: Letter 385 - Wedgwood, S. E. & J. to Darwin, [10 November 1837] …
- … Hall, Staffordshire. Letter 1219 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [3 February 1849] …
- … to look for more samples. Letter 4928 - Henslow, G. to Darwin, [11 November 1865] …
- … Men: Letter 1836 - Berkeley, M. J. to Darwin, [7 March 1856] Clergyman and …
- … 2055 - Langton, E. to Darwin, F., [21 February 1857] Darwin’s nephew, Edmund, …
- … to feed to them. Letter 2069 - Tenant, J. to Darwin, [31 March 1857] James …
- … University of Bonn. Letter 6046 - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] …
- … Men: Letter 378 - Darwin to Henslow, J. S., [20 September 1837] Darwin …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 22 hits
- … [A. von Humboldt 1811] Richardson’s Fauna Borealis [J. Richardson 1829–37] …
- … Paper on consciousness in brutes Blackwood June 1838 [J. F. Ferrie 1838]. H. C. Watson on …
- … worth studying in a metaphys. point of view Henslow has list of plants of Mauritius with …
- … to White Nat. Hist of Selbourne [E. T. Bennett ed. 1837 and [J. Rennie] ed. 1833] read 19 : …
- … what have they written.? “Hunt” [J. Hunt 1806] p. 290 …
- … chiefly on distribution of forms said to be Poor Sir. J. Edwards Botanical Tour [?J. E. Smith …
- … Butler. 3. first sermons [Butler 1834] recommended by Sir. J. Mackintosh J. Long Moral Nature …
- … [Gaertner 1788–91] (Plates on all seeds) R. Soc Henslow says there is a grand book with …
- … Von. J. Metzger. Heidelberg 1841 [Metzger 1841] Read Henslow in Botanist 36 has written on …
- … 1834]— d[itt]o d[itt]o d[itt]o. d[itt]o. 15 th Henslow’s Botany [Henslow 1837].— d[itt]o d …
- … ] 4. Vol. references at End Feb. 23 rd . Henslow Pamph. on Wheat [Henslow 1841]— fact about …
- … or Review in a Medical Journal which Hooker has & lent to Henslow Huxley [DAR *128: 178 …
- … 112 Jukes. “Students Manual of Geology” [Jukes 1857]— published a few years ago, good on …
- … Lucas l’Heredite Naturelle [Lucas 1847–50] 1857 Nov. 15. Andersson Lake Gnami …
- … Thackeray English Humourists [Thackeray 1853] 1857 Jan. Cockburn life of Selby [ …
- … years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. New York. [Abstract in DAR 71: 51–2.] …
- … years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia. [Abstract in DAR 205.3: …
- … ou, iconographie de toutes les espèces et variétés d’arbres, fruitiers cultivés dans cet …
- … sur la distribution géographique des animaux vertébrés, moins les oiseaux. Journal de Physique 94 …
- … Drury, Robert. 1729. Madagascar; or, Robert Drury’s journal, during fifteen years …
- … [Vols. 3 and 4 in Darwin Library.] 119: 3a Dugès, Antoine. 1832. Memoir sur la …
- … augmentée d’un grand nombre de fruits, les uns échappés aux recherches de Duhamel, les autres …
Darwin's health
Summary
On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…
Matches: 19 hits
- … Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to Hooker’s letter which he put down to his exceptionally …
- … trembling, faintness, and dizziness. In 1849, Darwin’s symptoms became so severe that he removed his …
- … of his critically ill ‘master & friend’ John Stevens Henslow. Darwin was sure the journey from …
- … 1864, Darwin attributed his improved health to Dr Jenner’s advice: ‘ drinking very little—enormous …
- … vomiting wonderfully & I am gaining vigour .’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ) …
- … were psychological or psychosomatic dimensions to Darwin’s most severe periods of crisis. At the …
- … and return to his study at Down to work. Darwin’s history of illness Darwin often …
- … (see, for example, Correspondence vol. 2, letter to J. S. Henslow, 14 October [1837] , …
- … F. T. Buckland, 15 December [1864] ). On Darwin’s early stomach troubles, see …
- … letter to Robert FitzRoy, [20 February 1840] . Darwin’s health diary (Down House MS), which he …
- … 1849] , and ‘vomiting every week’ in his letter to J. D. Hooker, 28 March 1849 ( …
- … to W. D. Fox, [6 May 1864] ). According to Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242), such regular attacks …
- … and ‘rocking’ had been recorded in Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) on several occasions in 1864 and …
- … 1995, pp. 428-9. On his difficulties reading, see letters to J. D. Hooker, 1 June [1865] and …
- … discussed in Colp 1977, pp. 31-2, 47, 98. In his letter to J. D. Hooker, 5 March [1863] ( …
- … also Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 17 March [1864] . …
- … for several years (see Correspondence vol. 4, letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 October 1849 , and …
- … at Moor Park, under Edward Wickstead Lane, between 1857 and 1859, and at Ilkley, under Edmund Smith, …
- … his chronic vomiting ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ). …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 12 hits
- … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of The variation of animals and …
- … from this, the editing of excerpts from Fritz Müller’s letters on climbing plants to make another …
- … to comment on a paper on Verbascum (mullein) by CD’s protégé, John Scott, who was now working in …
- … and, according to Butler, the bishop of Wellington. Darwin’s theory was discussed at an agricultural …
- … significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend of Darwin’s and prominent supporter of (though not a …
- … Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and J. D. Hooker’s father, died in August. There …
- … letters. The death of Hugh Falconer Darwin’s first letter to Hooker of 1865 suggests …
- … same age as Darwin himself. Falconer had seconded Darwin’s nomination for the Copley Medal of the …
- … 12). In early January Falconer had written to Darwin’s brother, Erasmus Alvey Darwin, to reassure …
- … Darwin’s theory ( Correspondence vol. 11, letter from J. D. Hooker, 10 June 1863 ). …
- … How to manage it , a love-story set in the Indian Mutiny of 1857 to 1858 ( letter to J. D. Hooker, …
- … The last two months of the year also saw letters from George Henslow, the son of Darwin’s mentor at …
