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Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 23 hits
- … Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas by the German science writer Ernst Krause. Darwin’s preoccupation with …
- … Seventy years old Darwin’s seventieth birthday on 12 February was a cause for international …
- … and good as could be’ ( letter from Karl Beger, [ c. 12 February 1879] ). The masters of …
- … now widely accepted in Germany. ‘On this festive day’, Haeckel told Darwin, ‘you can look back, with …
- … life’s work, which is crowned with glory’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 9 February 1879 ). The …
- … February 1879 ). Carus Sterne was the pseudonym of Ernst Krause, editor of the journal …
- … theory of development in connection with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. Kosmos was, as …
- … shamefully ignorant of my grandfathers life’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 March 1879 ). …
- … might end up ‘interfering with each other’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 27 March 1879 ). Darwin’s aim …
- … an introduction ‘almost indispensable’ ( letter from Ernst Krause, 7 June 1879 ). Darwin welcomed …
- … into ridicule. He hates scientific men’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 May 1879 ). From the …
- … well, and with little fatigue’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 12 July 1879 , and letter from Leonard …
- … ever about life of D r . D’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 12 July [1879] ). It was little …
- … Thiselton-Dyer, 5 June 1879 , and letter to G. H. Darwin, 12 July 1879 ). Darwin’s final task …
- … the views of the other botanists. He was glad to know that Ernst Stahl and Albert Bernhard Frank did …
- … inn ‘ very comfortable’, but told Leonard Darwin on 12 August that there were ‘too many human …
- … not to have come up when the Darwins lunched with him on 12 August (Darwin’s ‘Journal’). Nor did …
- … the world. At the end of the year he was awarded a prize of 12,000 francs by the Turin Academy of …
- … 6 March [1879] ). When Darwin’s staunch German defender Ernst Haeckel was in England, he was …
- … to Darwin about ‘Darwinism in Germany’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 30 August 1879 ). However, the …
- … which greatly pleased Darwin ( letter from Grant Allen, 12 February 1879 ). One of Allen’s targets …
- … engagement being made public ( letter from T. H. Farrer, 12 October 1879 ). Darwin’s response not …
- … accurate in its treatment’ ( letter from Francis Galton, 12 November 1879 ). The comment that …
Photograph album of German and Austrian scientists
Summary
The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade, and contained 165 portraits of German and Austrian scientists. The work was lavishly produced and bound in blue velvet with metal embossing. Its ornate…
Matches: 6 hits
- … The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil …
- … in larger portraits at the centre or the top of the page. Ernst Haeckel was given special prominence …
- … the greatest honour which I have ever received ( Letter to Ernst Haeckel, 16 February 1877 ) …
- … the scientific world.— ( Letter from Leonard Blomefield, 12 March 1877 ) Familiar …
- … in Germany. Despite being the instigator, it appears that Haeckel was not satisfied with the final …
- … on mutual adaptation. Also featured was the science writer Ernst Krause, who edited Kosmos , a …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 15 hits
- … his poor health so frequently in correspondence that Ernst Haeckel inferred that he was well from …
- … (letters from George Cupples, 21 February 1874 and 12 March 1874 ); the material was …
- … the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii; letters from T. N. Staley, 12 February 1874 and 20 February 1874 …
- … was published in November 1874 ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 12 November 1874 ). Though containing …
- … print runs would be very good ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 12 November 1874 ). Darwin's …
- … Review & in the same type’ ( letter from John Murray, 12 August 1874 ). George’s letter …
- … ), preferring to attack Mivart in print, as in his review of Ernst Haeckel’s Anthropogenie in …
- … he finally wrote a polite, very formal letter to Mivart on 12 January 1875 , refusing to hold any …
- … & snugness’ ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. B. Innes, 12 October [1874] ). More …
- … vicar of Deptford ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. B. Innes, 12 October [1874] ), but to her …
- … mechanism that Darwin agreed with ( letter to F. J. Cohn, 12 October 1874 ). Darwin’s American …
- … bank with enormous tips to his ears ( letter from Asa Gray, 12 May 1874 ). The Manchester …
- … of Darwin’s work. His controversial German admirer, Ernst Haeckel, sent the fifth edition of his …
- … educated persons here in Germany’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 20 December 1874 ). …
- … excellent, & as clear as light’ ( letter to John Tyndall, 12 August [1874] ). Hooker …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
Matches: 4 hits
- … to J. D. Hooker, 14 December [1878] ). Writing to Ernst Haeckel on his sixty-ninth birthday …
- … ( letter to Francis Darwin, 17 July [1878] ). On 12 September , Darwin wrote: ‘Bernard is as …
- … The Swiss botanist Arnold Dodel-Port announced on 12 June 1878 the first issue of an atlas with …
- … in September 1877, Darwin’s outspoken supporter Ernst Haeckel championed the teaching of evolution …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 20 hits
- … (1) Agassiz, Alexander (12) Agassiz, Louis …
- … (1) Berkeley, M. J. (12) Berlin (1) …
- … James (1) Dieffenbach, Ernst (13) …
- … Ercolani, G. B. (2) Ernst, Adolf (9) …
- … (1) Gaudry, Albert (12) Geach, F. F. …
- … (3) Geikie, Archibald (12) Geikie, James …
- … (1) Grove, W. R. (12) Groves, Henry …
- … S. M. (2) Hesse-Wartegg, Ernst von (3) …
- … (3) Hooker, F. H. (12) Hooker, Hyacinth …
- … (2) Judd, J. W. (12) Jukes, J. B. (9 …
- … (2) Koch, Eduard (12) Koch, Heinrich …
- … Kraus, Carl (b) (3) Krause, Ernst (94) …
- … (3) Layton, Charles (12) Le Couteur, John …
- … (1) Mackintosh, Daniel (12) Maclaren, Charles …
- … (1) McLennan, J. F. (12) McNeill, Archibald …
- … (1) Meehan, Thomas (12) Meitzen, August …
- … Pfeiffer, E. J. (2) Pfitzer, Ernst (1) …
- … (9) Rolle, Friedrich (12) Rolleston, George …
- … (1) Whitley, C. T. (12) Whitney, W. D. …
- … (2) Zacharias, Otto (12) Zeuschner, E. L. …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 5 hits
- … means of changing the races of man’ (Correspondence vol. 12, letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864 …
- … take the form of a ‘short essay’ on man ( letter to Ernst Haeckel, 3 July 1868 ). But this work …
- … different order of pride was expressed on 9 November by Ernst Haeckel on the birth of his son …
- … Lepus Darwinii in honour of his hero ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 22 June 1868 ). Darwin …
- … defender in England, Thomas Henry Huxley, remarked on 12 September on ‘the terrible “Darwinismus …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 5 hits
- … among them Robert Caspary, John Traherne Moggridge, and Ernst Haeckel, and also a meeting with …
- … though I dread all exertion’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [12 May 1866] ). Darwin’s interest in …
- … prevailed over considerations of health in this case. Ernst Haeckel Nor could Darwin …
- … eulogium which it has ever received’ ( letter to Ernst Haeckel, 18 August [1866] ). Darwin clearly …
- … development ( see for example, letter to C. W. Nägeli, 12 June [1866] ). Also in March, however, …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Controversy
Summary
The best-known controversies over Darwinian theory took place in public or in printed reviews. Many of these were highly polemical, presenting an over-simplified picture of the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely…
Matches: 4 hits
- … Letter 2526 — Owen, Richard to Darwin, C. R., 12 Nov 1859 Owen says to Darwin he will welcome …
- … public reaction. This exchange of letters with the zoologist Ernst Haeckel, an ardent proponent of …
- … tactics. Letter 5500 — Darwin, C. R. to Haeckel, E. P. A., 12 Apr [1867] Darwin is …
- … side of the attacked person. Letter 5533 — Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, C. R., 12 May …
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 8 hits
- … about his life ( Correspondence vol. 23, letter from Ernst von Hesse-Wartegg, 20 September 1875 …
- … silly to deserve an answer’ ( letter from S. B. Herrick, 12 February 1876 ). Others questioned …
- … from an ardent supporter of Darwin, the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel. Opposing Darwin’s views for …
- … passed on to newly formed plastidules. Darwin thought Haeckel’s essay ‘clever & striking’, but …
- … pangenesis into a ‘substantial theory’, Darwin forwarded Haeckel’s essay to him on 29 May. If …
- … were able to host lunches for eminent German visitors, first Haeckel on the 26 September, and then …
- … for one so poor at figures as I am’, Gray conceded on 12 November , although he could reassure …
- … Darwin’s oldest son William (see Correspondence vol. 12 and the Supplement to vol. 24). By the …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 7 hits
- … to accept the award in person (see Correspondence vol. 12). In early January Falconer had …
- … in or before November 1864 ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to Ernst Haeckel, 21 November [1864 …
- … in Müller’s name ( see letter from Fritz Müller, [12 and 31 August, and 10 October 1865] ; since …
- … to find employment in India (see Correspondence vol. 12), sent Darwin the results of his experiments …
- … to Darwin may be gathered from Darwin’s letter to him of 12 July [1865] . Huxley had evidently …
- … who also caught it, rapidly succumbed to it and died on 12 August. Hooker himself contracted …
- … collection of letters written by Darwin when he was 12 years old. Over half of the letters in the …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 5 hits
- … offspring of English fertile plants’ ( To Fritz Müller, 12 May 1870 ). From a fairly early …
- … in a broader context. He told his long-time supporter Ernst Haeckel, ‘It is really wonderful what an …
- … seems almost to require changes in the conditions’ ( To Ernst Haeckel, 13 November 1875 ). He …
- … if the book had not yet been released ( From Asa Gray, 12 October 1876 ). Darwin sent the sheets, …
- … as being as faultless as your temper’ ( From Asa Gray, 12 November 1876 ). The book was …
Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute
Summary
Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…
Matches: 7 hits
- … supporters to write to his most vociferous German champion, Ernst Haeckel, to encourage him to tone …
- … he may wish to give up the task’ ( letter to Carl Vogt, 12 April [1867] ). Darwin need not …
- … remarks on expression”’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [12–17] March [1867] ). Darwin’s doggedness in …
- … had drawn a better sphynx’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 12 and 13 October [1867] ). Darwin referred …
- … rich from the nonsense talked’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 12 and 13 October [1867] ). …
- … one of his most devoted supporters, the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel, to moderate his public …
- … of the truth of his own conclusions’ ( letter to Ernst Haeckel, 12 April [1867] ). All …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 8 hits
- … than insectivorous plants. As he confessed to Hooker on 12 December , ‘I have not felt so angry …
- … from his family, he sent a curt note to Mivart on 12 January , breaking off all future …
- … of a bill that was presented to the House of Commons on 12 May, one week after a rival bill based on …
- … and supporters included long-term correspondents such as Ernst Haeckel, Fritz and Hermann Müller, …
- … is yet another laurel in the wreath of your fame ’, Haeckel wrote on 6 June , ‘to have a …
- … The author, Fritz Schultze, contacted Darwin himself on 12 June , describing the aims of his book …
- … Huxley at South Kensington, with visiting positions under Haeckel at Jena and Dohrn at Naples. …
- … scientific Socy. has done in my time,’ he told Hooker on 12 December . ‘I wish that I knew what …
German and Dutch photograph albums
Summary
Darwin Day 2018: To celebrate Darwin's 209th birthday, we present two lavishly produced albums of portrait photographs which Darwin received from continental admirers 141 years ago. These unusual gifts from Germany and the Netherlands are made…
Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers
Summary
In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…
Matches: 9 hits
- … was interrupted by Samuel Butler’s renewed claim that Ernst Krause had used Butler’s book …
- … made a small omission ’. Stephen’s reply on 12 January was flattering, reassuring, and …
- … books being ‘a game of chance’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 12 April 1881 ). On 18 May he described …
- … Darwin had difficulty in obtaining mature plants. On 12 April, he reported to Müller , ‘I have …
- … to make me happy & contented,’ he told Wallace on 12 July , ‘but life has become very …
- … scientific belief. However, he objected when biologists like Ernst Haeckel converted the Darwinian …
- … fight’ (letters to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 and 12 August 1881 ). Darwin may have …
- … else’s judgment on the subject ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 12 July 1881 ). However, some requests …
- … had been lost in a flood; the same amount was offered to Haeckel if he was unable to get other funds …
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 9 hits
- … of colour sense. Darwin had written to the editor Ernst Ludwig Krause on 30 June 1877 , ‘I have …
- … der Entwickelungslehre in Verbindung mit Charles Darwin und Ernst Haeckel (Journal for uniform …
- … by institution. The most prominent ‘torchbearer’ was Ernst Haeckel, whose portrait appeared first …
- … thanked the director, Adriaan Anthoni van Bemmelen, on 12 February 1877 : ‘I suppose that every …
- … age. The Dutch album and the letters from Rade and Haeckel both refer to Darwin’s 69th birthday, and …
- … the beginning of his 70th year. Darwin was in fact 68 on 12 February 1877. Distinguished …
- … ancestry. The German zoologist and physician Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold sent photographs of a …
- … ). An American banker, William Burrows Bowles, having read Ernst Haeckel on ‘Pithecanthropus alalus’ …
- … down to rest’, he explained ( letter to J. W. Clark, 12 November 1877 ). Worms Aside …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 5 hits
- … in 1864 he drew up the results (see Correspondence vol. 12, Appendix III). Darwin sought to show …
- … by a former governess at Down House, Camilla Ludwig. From Ernst Haeckel, Darwin learned of the …
- … called me her German “Darwin–Mann” ’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 10 August 1864 ). Haeckel sent …
- … the award going to Darwin (see Correspondence vol. 12 Appendix IV). With the help of supporters …
- … details of the ensuing debate (see Correspondence vol. 12, Appendix IV) demonstrate how Darwin’s …
3.14 Julia Margaret Cameron, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction In the summer of 1868 Darwin took a holiday on the Isle of Wight with his immediate family, his brother Erasmus, and his friend Joseph Hooker. The family’s accommodation at Freshwater was rented from the photographer Julia…
Matches: 3 hits
Interview with John Hedley Brooke
Summary
John Hedley Brooke is President of the Science and Religion Forum as well as the author of the influential Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives (Cambridge University Press, 1991). He has had a long career in the history of science and…
