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List of correspondents

Summary

Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…

Matches: 26 hits

… Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. …
… (1) Athenæum (11) Atkin, J. R. (1) …
… Octavian (3) Blomefield, Leonard (42) …
… (3) Bosquet, J. A. H. de (11) Bostock, John …
… (2) Breitenbach, Wilhelm (11) Brent, B. P. …
… (2) Bunbury, C. J. F. (11) Bunbury, F. J. …
… (1) Caspary, Robert (11) Cassell Petter & …
… (40) Crick, W. D. (11) Crier, John …
… (1) Crocker, C. W. (11) Crocq, Jean …
… Dareste, Camille (9) Darwin family (1) …
… Darwin, Horace (30) Darwin, Leonard (37) …
… (1) Dobell, H. B. (11) Dobson, G. E. …
… (7) Farrar, F. W. (11) Farrer, T. H. …
… (280) Gray, G. R. (11) Gray, J. E. …
… (1) Harvey, W. H. (11) Harward, John …
… Horner, K. M. (5) Horner, Leonard (13) …
… (289) Hyatt, Alpheus (11) Hyndman, G. C. …
… Jenyns, G. L. (1) Jenyns, Leonard (42) …
… (1) Lewes, G. H. (11) Lewin, Friend …
… (3) Lynch, R. I. (11) Lónyay, Menyhért …
… (1) Morgan, L. H. (11) Morley, John …
… Ruck, M. A. (2) Rudd, Leonard (2) …
… (3) Shaw, James (11) Shaw, Robert (3 …
… (4) Sowerby, G. B. (11) Sowerby, G. B., Jr …
… (1) Strickland, H. E. (11) Struthers, John …
… (2) Wedgwood, Elizabeth (11) Wedgwood, Emma …

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 26 hits

… of whom took immediate action to mediate a solution. Charles Darwin had close ties with both men and …
… In the concluding paragraphs of Origin , Darwin had predicted that a ‘revolution in natural …
… Thomas Henry Huxley, Busk, and several other supporters of Darwin in editing the Natural History …
… on the topic. Lyell also added the following note on page 11 : *Mr. John Lubbock published …
… 2 have struck out Galton & Prestwich at p. 11 who will be surprisd [ sic ] to …
… aspects of the book. Throughout the first half of 1863, Darwin discussed the book in correspondence …
… spoke out publicly about any controversial aspect. Darwin’s chief complaint about the book …
… he thought about ‘the derivation of Species’. 8 Darwin continued to feel aggrieved about …
… to the Athenæum . 9 In the same letter, Darwin touched on an area of public …
… accusation, which had just appeared in the Athenæum . Darwin had not advised Falconer personally, …
… had done ‘an injustice’ to Falconer and Prestwich. 11 In the same review Lubbock expressed …
… given that ‘the whole tenor of his argument’ supported Darwin’s theory ([Lubbock] 1863b, p. 213). …
… he took exception to the wording of the note on p. 11 of C. Lyell 1863c, which implied that Lubbock …
… The statement made by Sir Charles Lyell, in a note to page 11 of his work, that my article on the …
… of all three letters to a number of friends, including Darwin. 22 Just before he …
… of the note in the preface (letter to John Lubbock, 11 June [1865] ). No correspondence with …
… of the preface of C. Lyell 1863c and reworded the note on p. 11 . Unlike the earlier …
… Lyell revised both the preface and the note on page 11 of the third edition of Antiquity of man …
… versions of the end of the preface and of the note on page 11 are included below. Preface, C …
… as well as of the subsequent issues.” Note on page 11 , C. Lyell 1863c (original version) …
… made by him in company with Mr. Busk. Note on page 11 , C. Lyell 1863c (revised version) …
… in Letters, 1863 , (introduction to Correspondence vol. 11 , pp. xv–xvii). For a comparison of …
… 1984, pp. 154–9. 7. See Correspondence vol. 11 , letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] …
… Bartholomew 1973. 8. See Correspondence vol. 11 , letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March …
… and London: University of Chicago Press. Wilson, Leonard Gilchrist. 1996a. Brixham Cave and …
… Archives of Natural History 23: 79–97. Wilson, Leonard Gilchrist. 2002. A scientific libel: …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 25 hits

… 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working …
… dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second …
… and traveller Alexander von Humboldt’s 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a reflection on his debt …
… ). The death of a Cambridge friend, Albert Way, caused Darwin’s cousin, William Darwin Fox, to …
… from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such reminiscences led Darwin to the self-assessment, ‘as for one …
… backwards much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). I feel …
… Andrew Clark, whom he had been consulting since August 1873. Darwin had originally thought that …
… ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] ). Darwin mentioned his poor health so frequently in …
… 1874 ). Séances, psychics, and sceptics Darwin excused himself for reasons of …
… by George Henry Lewes and Marian Evans (George Eliot), but Darwin excused himself, finding it too …
… the month, another Williams séance was held at the home of Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood. Those …
… imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Darwin agreed that it was ‘all imposture’ …
… stop word getting to America of the ‘strange news’ that Darwin had allowed ‘a spirit séance’ at his …
… review me in a hostile spirit’ ( letter to John Murray, 11 August 1874 ). Darwin was …
… Correspondence vol. 20, letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). To Darwin’s relief, …
… in sympathy: ‘If anybody tries that on with my boy Leonard the old wolf will shew all the fangs he …
… [1874] ). At the end of June, Darwin’s fourth son, Leonard , who had joined the Royal …
… son of the Astronomer Royal, George Biddell Airy, to help Leonard gain the commission ( …
… took twelve weeks aboard the immigrant ship Merope . Leonard joined a colourful collection of …
… son Francis married Amy Ruck, the sister of a friend of Leonard Darwin’s in the Royal Engineers, on …
… the moment of being hatched ( letter to Nature , 7 and 11 May [1874] ; Spalding 1872a). …
… & that must be enough for me’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). Plants that eat . …
… cartilage, bone & meat &c. &c.’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). His research …
… Correspondence vol. 21, letter from Francis Darwin, [11 October 1873] ). Darwin wasted …
… the photograph he sent highly ( letter from D. F. Nevill, [11 September 1874] ). At the …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 25 hits

… Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig …
… as the creator of this dramatisation, and that of the Darwin Correspondence Project to be identified …
… correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Jane Loring …
… Actor 1 – Asa Gray Actor 2 – Charles Darwin Actor 3 – In the dress of a modern day …
… Agassiz, Adam Sedgwick, A Friend of John Stuart Mill, Emma Darwin, Horace Darwin… and acts as a sort …
… the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and between the audience and …
… this, he sends out copies of his Review of the Life of Darwin. At this time in his life, Asa …
… friends in England, copies of his ‘Review of the Life of Darwin’… pencilling the address so that it …
… Joseph D Hooker GRAY: 3 Charles Darwin… made his home on the border of the little …
… are kept in check by a constitutional weakness. DARWIN: A plain but comfortable brick …
… by every blessing except that of vigorous health… DARWIN: 4 My confounded stomach …
… pursuits and the simplicity of his character. DARWIN: 5 I am allowed to work now …
… own house, where he was the most charming of hosts. DARWIN: 6 My life goes on …
… being a part of [an unpublished] manuscript. Darwin settles down to write. His tone is …
… in that little sheet of note-paper! DARWIN: 11 My dear Hooker… What a remarkably …
… In which Gray, while continuing to provide stamps for Leonard Darwin’s collection, fails to be …
… 1 OCTOBER 1846 7 C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER 11 JANUARY 1844 8 C DARWIN TO A …
… 10 C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 24 AUGUST 1855 11 C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER, 5 JUNE 1855 …
… 22 NOVEMBER 1856 29 C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 11 APRIL 1861 30 A GRAY TO C …
… A GRAY, 23 SEPTEMBER 1858 58 A GRAY TO JD HOOKER, 11 OCTOBER 1858 59 A GRAY TO …
… HOOKER, 18 OCTOBER 1859 63 C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 11 NOVEMBER 1859 64 JD …
… 13 NOVEMBER 1859 66 C DARWIN TO R OWEN, 11 NOVEMBER 1859 67 C DARWIN …
… 17 FEBRUARY 1861 111 C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 11 DECEMBER 1861 112 C DARWIN …
… DARWIN TO A GRAY 28 MAY 1864 159 FROM A GRAY 11 JULY 1864 160 C DARWIN …
… TO A GRAY 28 JANUARY 1876 204 FROM A GRAY 11 DECEMBER 1874 205 TO A …

Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments

Summary

1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…

Matches: 27 hits

… indicates, 1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his …
… promotion of his theory of natural selection also continued: Darwin’s own works expanded on it, …
… a keen interest in the progress of his views through Europe, Darwin negotiated, in addition to a …
… the family over the summer. But towards the end of the year, Darwin was able once more to turn his …
… of the Scottish press hissed). Huxley, while advocating Darwin’s theory, had again espoused the view …
… experimental production of new ‘physiological’ species. Darwin attempted to dissuade him from this …
… delivered a series of lectures to working men that reviewed Darwin’s theory, and sent copies to …
… about the vars. of Tobacco.' At the end of the year, Darwin seemed resigned to their …
… common man This correspondence with Huxley made Darwin keener than ever to repeat the …
… began writing long, intelligent, and informative letters, Darwin, impressed, gave him the commission …
… ). Two sexual forms: Primula and Linum Darwin’s views on the phenomenon of …
… when crossed with another plant of the reciprocal form. Darwin concluded that the two forms existed …
… in Primula ’, p. 92 ( Collected papers 2: 59)). Darwin later recalled: ‘no little discovery of …
… , p. 134). On completion of his Primula paper, Darwin repeated his crosses through a …
… George Bentham at Kew were also tapped for their knowledge. Darwin, initially hopeful, became …
… one by one 6700 seeds of Monochætum!!’ By October, Darwin was flagging and declared to Gray: ‘I am …
… is something very curious to be made out about them.’ Darwin persisted with his experiments through …
… proved more profitable subjects for investigation, and Darwin was soon filling portfolios with notes …
… on Linum ‘at once’ ( letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ), writing up his experiments in …
… of Natural History’ ( letter to Armand de Quatrefages, 11 July [1862] ). She had had assistance …
… for a second edition ( letter from H. G. Bronn, [before 11 March 1862] ), Darwin asked him to use …
… see letter from E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 11 July 1862 ). Yet Darwin was now …
… midst of a crisis much closer to home and heart. Their son Leonard was seriously ill. He had been …
… holiday in Bournemouth, setting off in mid-August. However, Leonard had a relapse and Emma caught …
… interest. He told Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 11 September [1862] ): ‘This is a nice, but …
… 24 February [1862] ) and with some cause. Not only was Leonard seriously ill in 1862, but Horace …
… from one parent’ ( letter to Armand de Quatrefages, 11 July [1862] ). really good …

Darwin's 1874 letters go online

Summary

The full transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1874 are published online for the first time. You can read about Darwin's life in 1874 through his letters and see a full list of the letters. The 1874 letters…

Matches: 11 hits

… and footnotes of over 600 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1874 are published online for …
… the Catholic zoologist St George Jackson Mivart caused Darwin and his son George. In an …
… licentiousness’. After re-reading what George had written, Darwin wrote: I cannot …
… of [a] lying scoundrel.— ( Letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874] ) The …
… behaviour in scientific society. Find out more about how Darwin and his family and friends dealt …
… as not signifying so much. ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ) At the age of 65, …
… & that must be enough for me ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ) During the …
… Letter to D. F. Nevill, 18 September [1874] ) Darwin’s family continued to prosper. His …
… ‘I am sure he will never voluntarily be idle’, wrote Darwin to the directors, fearing that Horace …
… career, married Amy Ruck and came to live in Down village as Darwin’s secretary. I …
… Letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 November [1874] ) Darwin’s continuing loyalty to his friends …

Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots

Summary

Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…

Matches: 19 hits

… There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website. The full texts …
… 27 of the print edition of The correspondence of Charles Darwin , published by Cambridge …
… to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an …
… the sensitivity of the tips. Despite this breakthrough, when Darwin first mentioned the book to his …
… 1879 ). He was also unsatisfied with his account of Erasmus Darwin, declaring, ‘My little biography …
… a holiday in the Lake District in August did little to raise Darwin’s spirits. ‘I wish that my …
… W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [after 26] July [1879] ). From July, Darwin had an additional worry: the …
… that his grandfather had felt the same way. In 1792, Erasmus Darwin had written: ‘The worst thing I …
… contained a warmer note and the promise of future happiness: Darwin learned he was to be visited by …
… Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). Seventy years old Darwin’s seventieth birthday on 12 …
… the veteran of Modern Zoology’, but it was in Germany that Darwin was most fêted. A German …
… ). The masters of Greiz College in Thuringia venerated Darwin as ‘the deep thinker’, while …
… accepted in Germany. ‘On this festive day’, Haeckel told Darwin, ‘you can look back, with justified …
… Hermann Müller wrote on 12 February to wish Darwin a ‘long and serene evening of life’. This …
… on the theory of development in connection with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. Kosmos was, as …
… it ‘very dull,—almost too dull to publish’, while Leonard Darwin considered that insufficient …
… ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 12 July 1879 , and letter from Leonard Darwin, [before 12 July] 1879 …
… Darwin found the inn ‘ very comfortable’, but told Leonard Darwin on 12 August that there …
… & scientific men’, Darwin wrote in reply on 11 January . ‘Search for the truth, & then …

Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life

Summary

1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…

Matches: 23 hits

… The year 1876 started out sedately enough with Darwin working on the first draft of his book on the …
… games. ‘I have won, hurrah, hurrah, 2795 games’, Darwin boasted; ‘my wife … poor creature, has won …
… regarding the ailments that were so much a feature of Darwin family life. But the calm was not to …
… four days later. ‘I cannot bear to think of the future’, Darwin confessed to William on 11 …
… and his baby son Bernard now part of the household, and Darwin recasting his work on dimorphic and …
… had involved much time and effort the previous year, and Darwin clearly wanted to focus his …
… When Smith, Elder and Company proposed reissuing two of Darwin’s three volumes of the geology of …
… single-volume edition titled Geological observations , Darwin resisted making any revisions at …
… volume, Coral reefs , already in its second edition. Darwin was nevertheless ‘firmly resolved not …
… meticulous correction of errors in the German editions made Darwin less anxious about correcting the …
… to Carus. ( Letter to J. V. Carus, 24 April 1876. ) Darwin focused instead on the second …
… concentrated on the ‘means of crossing’, was seen by Darwin as the companion to Cross and self …
… return to old work than part of the future work outlined by Darwin in his ‘little Autobiography’ ( …
… holiday after finishing Cross and self fertilisation , Darwin took up the suggestion made by a …
… for his family only. Writing for an hour every afternoon, Darwin finished his account on 3 August …
… dimittis.”’ (‘Recollections’, pp. 418–19). Darwin remained firm in his resolution to …
… naturalist Thomas Edward ( letter from F. M. Balfour, 11 December 1876 ; letter to Samuel Smiles …
… Just four days later, Darwin had the hard task of telling Leonard that Amy, after seeming to recover …
… not by hiding the pain of the situation, but by reminding Leonard of how much his friendship had …
… who died at the age of 10 in 1851, but William, who was 11 years old at the time of her death, would …
… you are one of the best of all’ ( letter to W. E. Darwin, 11 September [1876] ). …
… do I cannot conceive’, Darwin wrote anxiously to Hooker on 11 September. By the time Darwin …
… & a Prof. Romer came to lunch’, Emma Darwin reported to Leonard Darwin on 29 September (DAR 239 …

Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?

Summary

'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…

Matches: 28 hits

… ‘My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, ‘is so nearly closed. . . What little …
… of On the origin of species , intended to be Darwin’s last, and of Expression of the …
… books brought a strong if deceptive sense of a job now done: Darwin intended, he declared to Alfred …
… 27 July [1872] ). By the end of the year Darwin was immersed in two of the studies that …
… of books and papers, and the latter formed the subject of Darwin’s last book, The formation of …
… worms , published in the year before his death. Despite Darwin’s declared intention to take up new …
… begun many years before. In his private life also, Darwin was in a nostalgic frame of mind, …
… The last word on Origin The year opened with Darwin, helped by his eldest son William, …
… on 30 January , shortly after correcting the proofs, and Darwin’s concern for the consolidation of …
… and sixth editions were costly to incorporate, and despite Darwin’s best efforts, set the final …
… closely involved in every stage of publication of his books, Darwin was keen to ensure that this …
… to bring out the new edition in the United States, Darwin arranged with Murray to have it …
… had to be reset. The investment in stereotype reinforced Darwin’s intention to make no further …
… St George Jackson Mivart ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). A worsening …
… objections to the theory of natural selection’, Darwin refuted point by point assertions published …
… Although Mivart was among those who wrote in January to wish Darwin a happy new year, before the …
… critical and anonymously published review of Descent . Darwin’s supporters had rallied to his …
… The republication of Wright’s paper had been arranged by Darwin himself (see Correspondence vol. …
… so bigotted a person as I am made to appear’, complained Darwin ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 5 …
… that he would willingly acknowledge himself at fault if only Darwin would renounce `fundamental …
… letter to St G. J. Mivart, 8 January [1872] ). Despite Darwin’s request that he drop the …
… ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 10 January 1872 ). Darwin, determined to have the last word in …
… Mivart not to acknowledge it ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). 'I hate …
… ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 3 August [1872] ). Darwin's theories under siege …
… sexual selection in human evolution, continued to trouble Darwin. ‘At present natural selection is …
… attacks on Darwin became notorious, had written on 11 May expressing concern that his recently, …
… well informed: `The die is cast’, he wrote excitedly on 11 May , when the matter was first raised …
… Darwin used his correspondence with Airy to support his son Leonard ’s application to join the …

Insectivorous plants

Summary

Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants began by accident. While on holiday in the summer of 1860, staying with his wife’s relatives in Hartfield, Sussex, he went for long walks on the heathland and became curious about the large number of insects caught by…

Matches: 24 hits

… Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants began by accident. While on holiday in …
… illness, probably typhoid fever. While caring for Etty, Darwin’s wife Emma wrote to a friend: …
… he hopes to end in proving it to be an animal.’ ( Emma Darwin 2: 177) By the end of August …
… In this song the lyrics are based on Darwin's statements about insectivorous plants in his …
… exchanging over twenty letters in the autumn of 1860 alone. Darwin started by asking Oliver to …
… as the Australian Drosera , and tried to reproduce Darwin’s results on the reaction of …
… thin Gelatine on 4 White of egg on 6 Saliva on 8 Urine on 11 Mucus on 4 infusion of meat 1 — 43 …
… certain nitrogenous compounds is marvellous. ’ Darwin turned his attention to the mechanism …
… viscid, dark red fluid. ’ By the end of November Darwin wrote to Charles Lyell: ‘ I will …
… of the Royal Society in February 1861 (Bonney 1919, p. 154), Darwin decided not to publish his …
… in Bournemouth in September 1862 for the sake of his son Leonard ’s and wife’s recovery from …
… analogous in constitution & function to nervous matter. ’ Darwin wrote to the surveyor Edward …
… plants for 10 years. Early in 1872, Asa Gray reminded Darwin ‘ pray don’t run off on some …
… about Drosera & Dionæa ’. By August and September, Darwin was ordering essential oils and …
… New Jersey with these remarkable observations and Darwin asked her to observe the North …
… sundew) . As part of his medical training, Darwin’s son Francis studied histology at the …
… performing comparative experiments on animals. After Darwin had sent Burdon Sanderson an abstract of …
… was so pleased with his results he excitedly telegraphed Darwin and presented them in paper to …
… Brown Institution’s staff, Thomas Lauder Brunton, assisted Darwin with the digestibility of chondrin …
… of Chemistry Edward Frankland supplied pure chemicals for Darwin’s study of digestion and …
… substance . After many careful experiments, in May 1874 Darwin proudly reported to his cousin …
… (the genus of tropical pitcher-plants) in parallel with Darwin’s study of Drosera and Dionaea …
… as your finger nail in 48 hours to lovely jelly ’, while Darwin could only reply: ‘ Poor Drosera …
… almost beyond their digestive power— ‘ Most of Darwin’s experimental work was on Drosera …

Darwin in letters, 1844–1846: Building a scientific network

Summary

The scientific results of the Beagle voyage still dominated Darwin's working life, but he broadened his continuing investigations into the nature and origin of species. Far from being a recluse, Darwin was at the heart of British scientific society,…

Matches: 25 hits

… results of the Beagle voyage still dominated Darwin's working life, but throughout these …
… species and varieties. In contrast to the received image of Darwin as a recluse in Down, the letters …
… Down House was altered and extended to accommodate Darwin’s growing family and the many relatives …
… The geological publications In these years, Darwin published two books on geology, Volcanic …
… papers for all these organisations. Between 1844 and 1846 Darwin himself wrote ten papers, six of …
… 2, letter to A. Y. Spearman, 9 October 1843, n. 1). Darwin's inner circle: first …
… not (it is like confessing a murder) immutable Darwin’s earlier scientific friendships …
… Lyell, George Robert Waterhouse, John Stevens Henslow, Leonard Horner, Leonard Jenyns, Edward Forbes …
… scientific issues that arose out of his work on species. Darwin discussed his ideas on species …
… Only two months after their first exchange, early in 1844, Darwin told Hooker that he was engaged in …
… a murder) immutable’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [11 January 1844] ). Nine months later, in his …
… correspondence that his close friends were not outraged by Darwin’s heterodox opinions and later in …
… But although eager for the views of informed colleagues, Darwin was naturally protective of his …
… vol. 4, letter to J. D. Hooker, 8 [February 1847]). Darwin can be seen as a cautious strategist, …
… candidate, known to be working on species and varieties, was Darwin himself: as he told his cousin …
… the book to him. But, as his letters to Hooker show, Darwin carefully considered and then rejected …
… Perhaps the most interesting letter relating to Darwin’s species theory, which also bears on his …
… to his wife Emma, dated 5 July 1844 , just after Darwin had completed the final draft of his …
… who would undertake to see the work through the press. Darwin also listed possible editors: at first …
… on the work. But the list was subsequently altered after Darwin’s second, and possibly third, …
… Hooker’s was added. Much later, by the autumn of 1854 when Darwin began sorting out his notes in …
… the cover to that effect. The full consideration that Darwin gave to the future editing and …
… he was for much of the time too ill even to write letters, Darwin felt that his life was only too …
… in his health. Volcanoes, rocks, and fossils Darwin’s published work during this …
… which formed the basis of discussions with Charles Lyell and Leonard Horner in letters in this …

Dining at Down House

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life While Darwin is best remembered for his scientific accomplishments, he greatly valued and was strongly influenced by his domestic life. Darwin's…

Matches: 14 hits

… Questions | Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life …
… chance for what share of happiness this world affords." ( Darwin to H.W. Bates , 26 …
… and they partook in his scientific endeavours. One of Darwin's defining characteristics …
… through his correspondence. Letters written to and from Darwin, as well as those exchanged between …
… provides into the bright and engaging personalities of the Darwin children and of family life in the …
… SOURCES Book Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species . 1859. London: John …
… Dining at Down House Letter 259 —Charles Darwin to Caroline Darwin, 13 October …
… South American cities, cultures, geography, flora and fauna) Darwin complains to his sister Caroline …
… while ill. Letter 465 —Emma Wedgwood (Emma Darwin) to Charles Darwin, [30 December 1838] …
… agreeable” for her sake. Letter 3626 —Emma Darwin to T. G. Appleton, 28 June [1862] …
… behalf to his American publisher, T. G. Appleton. Darwin, who is too ill to write himself, wishes to …
… cod liver oil and moderate work, among other things, for Darwin’s complaints. Emma Darwin …
… suffers a bout of “rocking & giddiness”. Emma Darwin to Henrietta Darwin, [5 September …
… and is “absolutely gloating over puddings”. Leonard Darwin to George Darwin, 8 February …

Darwin’s observations on his children

Summary

Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…

Matches: 25 hits

… Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children,[1] began the …
… is available below . As with much of his other work, Darwin gathered additional information on the …
… lunatics, the blind, and animals. And as early as 1839 Darwin had begun to collect information on …
… the expression of emotions. As the following transcript of Darwin’s notes reveals, he closely …
… William Erasmus, the stages of his development suggesting to Darwin those expressions which are …
… The tone of the manuscript reflects an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during …
… “What does that prove”.’[6] For in these notes, Darwin’s deep scientific curiosity transcends his …
… that on occasion he refers to William as ‘it’. Darwin possessed the ability to dissociate …
… memories.[8] Yet, though the dissociation was essential for Darwin’s scientific goal, the notes here …
… the record breaks off until January 1852, by which time the Darwin family had increased by five: …
… the onset of frowning, smiling, etc., as was the focus of Darwin’s attention on William and Anne, …
… of logical thought and language. On 20 May 1854, Darwin again took over the notebook and, …
… at sudden sounds. & at Emma’s moving 3 [11 ] When one month & one day old. …
… after each scream approaches it.— 8 Between 11 & 12 weeks old in smiling. I observe …
… with moisture, but not enough to run over April 11 th . It appeared to me that the Baby …
… lifts up & wrinkles lower eyelids.— 11 [22] April 19 th . Knew Anne,[23] most …
… April 4 14wks & 1 day. 11 – 12 May 16 …
… weight of clothes 1lb Wed Oct 11 …
… only difference between our door N o 12 and N o 11 is in the slit for the Letter box.— he …
… a flower said. “I’ve a fact to do” 52 June 11 ./55/ Lenny came with a piece of rag & …
… [1] The observations are in DAR 210.11 .1, a vellum-covered notebook inscribed with the initials of …
… Erasmus was Emma and CD’s first child. [11 ] The first paragraph on this page was written in …
… and family memoirs and reminiscences. [61] Leonard Darwin, born 1850. [62] Francis …
… of her childhood, Henrietta Litchfield remembered Leonard Darwin saying this to their maid Jane and …
… CUL). [71] Horace Darwin, born 1851. [72] Leonard Darwin’s nickname. [73] Miss …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 28 hits

… In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous …
… for scientific colleagues or their widows facing hardship. Darwin had suffered from poor health …
… of his scientific friends quickly organised a campaign for Darwin to have greater public recognition …
… Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwin’s greatest scientific pleasure. The year …
… to Fritz Müller, 4 January 1882 ). These were topics that Darwin had been investigating for years, …
… working at the effects of Carbonate of Ammonia on roots,’ Darwin wrote, ‘the chief result being that …
… for some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwin’s interest in root response and the …
… London on 6 and 16 March, respectively. In January, Darwin corresponded with George John …
… letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 28 December 1881 ). Darwin had a long-running interest in such …
… experiments had been conducted to lend support to Darwin’s theory of pangenesis (see …
… He was eager to write up the results on Brazilian cane, with Darwin providing a detailed outline: ‘I …
… at the Linnean Society on 4 May, but not published. Darwin carried on with botanical work in …
… which are asymmetric, thus facilitating cross-fertilisation. Darwin’s aim, he said, was just to …
… 3 April 1882 ). Earthworms and evolution Darwin’s last book, Earthworms , had been …
… Appendix V). The conservative Quarterly Review , owned by Darwin’s publisher John Murray, carried …
… themselves’ ( Quarterly Review , January 1882, p. 179). Darwin commented at length on the review …
… is a young man & a worker in any branch of Biology,’ Darwin continued, ‘he will assuredly sooner …
… and professor of ecclesiastical history Henry Wace. Darwin was confident that the theory of …
… James Frederick Simpson, a musical composer, had provided Darwin with observations on worm behaviour …
… by the benefits of worms to soil composition. He asked Darwin about the nitrogen content in the …
… H. Gilbert, 12 January 1882 ). In Earthworms , p. 305, Darwin had remarked on the creatures’ …
… rather the best of the fight’ ( letter from G. F. Crawte, 11 March 1882 ). The battle apparently …
… Anthony Rich, he shared several of his sons’ achievements. Leonard had been appointed to observe the …
… a ‘Glycerin Pepsin mixture’ (letters to W. W. Baxter, 11 March 1882 and 18 March [1882 ]). …
… immediately wrote to George, who had visited Down on 11 April (Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
… is always easier to write than to speak,’ she wrote to Leonard , ‘& so though I shall see you so …
… & have been able to be to him’ (letter from Emma Darwin to Leonard Darwin, [21? April 1882] (DAR …
… man’s private property’ ( letter to George Warington, 11 October [1867] ). Respecting the …

Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex

Summary

The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…

Matches: 26 hits

… On 6 March 1868, Darwin wrote to the entomologist and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If any …
… he ought to do what I am doing pester them with letters.’ Darwin was certainly true to his word. The …
… and sexual selection. In Origin , pp. 87–90, Darwin had briefly introduced the concept of …
… process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in 1864, Darwin claimed that sexual selection was ‘the …
… 12, letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864] ). Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as …
… to the stridulation of crickets. At the same time, Darwin continued to collect material on …
… his immediate circle of friends and relations. In July 1868 Darwin was still anticipating that his …
… which was devoted to sexual selection in the animal kingdom. Darwin described his thirst for …
… in January 1868. A final delay caused by the indexing gave Darwin much vexation. ‘My book is …
… 1867 and had expected to complete it in a fortnight. But at Darwin’s request, he modified his …
… the text. This increased the amount of work substantially. Darwin asked Murray to intervene, …
… … though it would be a great loss to the Book’. But Darwin’s angry letter to Murray crossed one from …
… blank’ ( letter from W. S. Dallas, 8 January 1868 ). Darwin sympathised, replying on 14 January …
… as stone, if it were not quite mollified by your note’. Darwin enclosed a cheque to Dallas for £55 …
… and descent in the Fortnightly Review , and asked Darwin for comments. Darwin was clearly …
… ‘fast passing away’ that sparked the most discussion. Darwin wrote to Hooker on 23 February , …
… authorship. John Murray thought it was by Gray himself, but Darwin corrected him: ‘D r Gray would …
… of Science, Robertson published a rejoinder, arousing Darwin’s ire still further: ‘he is a scamp …
… all sorts of subjects In writing Variation , Darwin had been careful to acknowledge …
… great influx of unsolicited letters from persons unknown to Darwin, offering additional facts that …
… 1868 . The letter was addressed to ‘the Rev d C. Darwin M.d’; Binstead evidently assumed Darwin …
… the enthusiastic breeder, who apologised in a letter of 11 –13 May 1868 for his ‘voluminuous zeal …
… Weir, 30 May [1868] ). Sexual selection On 11 February , Darwin wrote to the …
… views differed. Of deer-hounds, Cupples wrote between 11 and 13 May , ‘much depends on the …
… ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 1 September [1868], n. 11 ). ‘I am not sure’, Darwin reflected in a …
… ( letter from Alfred Newton, 29 January 1868 ). Leonard also excelled in highly competitive …

Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms

Summary

‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…

Matches: 20 hits

… heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old …
… to adapt to varying conditions. The implications of Darwin’s work for the boundary between animals …
… studies of animal instincts by George John Romanes drew upon Darwin’s early observations of infants, …
… of evolution and creation. Many letters flowed between Darwin and his children, as he took delight …
… Financial support for science was a recurring issue, as Darwin tried to secure a Civil List pension …
… with Samuel Butler, prompted by the publication of Erasmus Darwin the previous year. …
… Charles Harrison Tindal, sent a cache of letters from two of Darwin’s grandfather’s clerical friends …
… divines to see a pig’s body opened is very amusing’, Darwin replied, ‘& that about my …
… registry offices, and produced a twenty-page history of the Darwin family reaching back to the …
… the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880 ). Darwin’s sons George and Leonard also …
… and conciliate a few whose ancestors had not featured in Darwin’s Life . ‘In an endeavour to …
… think I must pay a round of visits.’ One cousin, Reginald Darwin, warmed to George: ‘he had been …
… an ordinary mortal who could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and Emma Darwin, 22 July …
… whose essay on Erasmus’s scientific work complemented Darwin’s biographical piece. Krause’s essay …
… Kosmos in February 1879, an issue produced in honour of Darwin’s birthday. Krause enlarged and …
… superficial and inaccurate piece of work’, although Darwin advised him not to ‘expend much powder …
… in the last sentence. When Butler read Erasmus Darwin , he noted the reference to his work, and …
… since the Origin appeared”‘ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 11 [April] 1880 ). While praising Origin …
… through natural selection’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 11 May 1880 ). Worthy causes In …
… family members. Emma’s brother Josiah Wedgwood III died on 11 March. Like Emma, he had married a …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 15 hits

… activities for building and maintaining such connections. Darwin's networks extended from his …
… when strong institutional structures were largely absent. Darwin had a small circle of scientific …
… section contains two sets of letters. The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. …
… about Hooker’s thoughts. Letter 729 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., [11 Jan 1844] …
… is like confessing a murder”. Letter 736 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 23 Feb [1844 …
… of wide-ranging species to wide-ranging genera. Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 …
… of the species. Letter 1685 — Gray, Asa to Darwin, C. R., 22 May 1855 Gray …
… of alpine flora in the USA. Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 20 July [1857] …
… have in simple truth been of the utmost value to me.” Darwin believes species have arisen, like …
… or continuous area; they are actual lineal descendants. Darwin discusses fertilisation in the bud …
… exchange This collection of letters between Darwin and Hooker, while Darwin was writing his …
… to information exchange. Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct [1848] …
… followed automatically. On the issue of nomenclature reform, Darwin opposes appending first …
… Letter 3800 — Scott, John to Darwin, C. R., [11 Nov 1862] Scottish gardener John Scott notes …
… offered the Beagle naturalist appointment first to Leonard Jenyns, who almost accepted, as did …

3.3 Maull and Polyblank photo 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction Despite the difficulties that arose in relation to Maull and Polyblank’s first photograph of Darwin, another one was produced, this time showing him in three-quarter view. It was evidently not taken at the same session as the…

Matches: 20 hits

… in relation to Maull and Polyblank’s first photograph of Darwin, another one was produced, this time …
… this second photograph is not precisely dated. An entry in Darwin’s account book for February 1858 …
… be dated to a few years later. It may be the photograph that Darwin was promising to order and post …
… had given him such an ‘atrociously wicked’ expression. Darwin also wrote to Asa Gray in April 1861: …
… commercially produced, not the one taken by his son William Darwin at that time, which he mentions …
… than Maull and Polyblank are known to have been employed by Darwin before the second half of the …
… It must have been available before April or May 1862, when Darwin’s brother Erasmus solicited some …
… hand, that of ‘J.D.’), ‘Photograph of Charles Darwin taken about the time of the publication of the …
… in late November 1859. In his letter of spring 1862, Darwin’s brother Erasmus sought Charles’s …
… and Polyblank, rather than just a supply of prints to the Darwin family for presentation to selected …
… to volume 1 of The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (1887), edited by Francis Darwin (with a …
… in Annals of Botany in 1899, to illustrate an article on Darwin’s botanical work by Francis …
… of 1903. It was also, alas, one of the portrayals of Darwin ‘Exhibited by William E. and Leonard …
… the fact that it was one of the very few images that showed Darwin as he looked at the time of the …
… by many readers and publishers. Ernst Haeckel, writing to Darwin in January 1866, thought it was …
… he much preferred the little photograph taken by Darwin’s son William. Darwin in reply confirmed …
… publisher Schweizerbart also demanded a better photograph of Darwin for the third German edition of …
… Dec. [1860], DCP-LETT-3025. Letter from Darwin to Asa Gray, 11 April [1861], DCP-LETT-3115. Letter …
… 1862], DCP-LETT-3745. Letter from Ernst Haeckel to Darwin, 11 Jan. 1866, DCP-LETT-4973, and Darwin’s …
… ‘List of Exhibits . . . Exhibited by William E. and Leonard Darwin’, First International Eugenics …

St George Jackson Mivart

Summary

In the second half of 1874, Darwin’s peace was disturbed by an anonymous article in the Quarterly Review suggesting that his son George was opposed to the institution of marriage and in favour of ‘unrestrained licentiousness’. Darwin suspected, correctly,…

Matches: 18 hits

… 1874, the Catholic zoologist St George Jackson Mivart caused Darwin and his son George serious …
… pp. 98–114, and Dawson 2007, pp. 77–81. George Darwin's article on marriage In …
… liberty of marriage’ in the Contemporary Review (G. H. Darwin 1873b). In this article, George …
… 76). Mivart’s argument did not win general assent. Darwin was more struck by the comments on …
… The following quotations from Mivart’s paper mention Darwin and George: p. 45: ‘Mr. Darwin, …
… sentiments, disguise them by studious reticence—as Mr. Darwin disguised at first his views as to the …
… licentiousness theoretically justified. Mr. George Darwin proposes that divorce should be made …
… deep debt of gratitude will indeed be one day due to Mr. Darwin— one difficult to over-estimate. …
… Clearing George's name On 27 July , Darwin wrote to George: he was thinking of taking …
… denial & short account of [his] essay’ and have Darwin send it for publication in the next issue …
… long and contained an abstract of George’s paper, which Darwin pointed out was not the kind of thing …
… to ‘the insanity question or oppressive laws’. Darwin’s main objection to the Quarterly …
… ‘oppressive laws’, since they were mentioned in the text Darwin wanted to quote from the review, and …
… he might be thought to endorse them ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 5 August 1874 ). He sent a second …
… the charge of encouraging licentiousness. A postscript to Darwin’s letter, which may belong to …
… Darwin sent George’s letter to Murray with his letter of 11 August 1874 , and was no doubt …
… probably refers to Darwin’s letter to Mivart of 11 January 1872 ( Correspondence vol. 20), in …
… one’. Henrietta, Darwin’s daughter, wrote to her brother Leonard in New Zealand on 8 January: ‘Also …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 26 hits

… In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished …
… used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
… *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
… book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
… a few instances, primarily in the ‘Books Read’ sections, Darwin recorded that a work had been …
… of the books listed in the other two notebooks. Sometimes Darwin recorded that an abstract of the …
… own. Soon after beginning his first reading notebook, Darwin began to separate the scientific …
… the second reading notebook. Readers primarily interested in Darwin’s scientific reading, therefore, …
… editors’ identification of the book or article to which Darwin refers. A full list of these works is …
… page number (or numbers, as the case may be) on which Darwin’s entry is to be found. The …
… 3v.] Hunter has written Quarto work on Physiology 11 besides the paper collected by Owen …
… 1831]. Book I. ch. 7 & Book II. Ch. 8. Book. VII. ch 8, 11 . read 1 st . vol of Lamarck. …
… 1834b]. 9. Columbidæ (Pigeons.) [Selby 1835] 11 . Ruminating Animals (Deer, Antelopes, …
… Grammont’s Memoirs [Gramont 1714] light & poor Nov 11 . Bamford life of Radicle [Bamford …
… (in relation to Köelreuter) in Revue Horticole No 9–11 89 1853 [Lecoq 1853]. Reviewed in …
… Nat. Hist Zoologist [ Zoologist ] vols. before 11 & 12.— 106 Thumberg Travels …
… Home Tour. (various parts) [G. Head 1837] good —— 11 . Oersted’s Soul of Nature [Ørsted 1847] …
… . Esmond. by Thackeray [Thackeray 1852] (Poor) Nov. 11 . Sir Hudson Lowe’s life and letters [H …
… Society of Bengal ]. Vol. I. (1832) 2. 3. 4. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 . 12. (1843). not much except Blyth. …
… 1852] [DAR 128: 7] 1854 Jan 11 th . Pulsky Red, Black & White …
… Tome I [DAR 128: 9] 1854 March 11 th . Comte Philosophie Positive G …
… on Commercial Law: [Stephen 1853] very good. May 11 th Evelyn Diary [Evelyn 1827] 3 vols. …
… eds.] [Abstract in DAR 91: 13.] 119: 9b Horner, Leonard , ed. 1843. Memoirs and …
… conflict . 3 vols. London. 128: 25 Jenyns, Leonard . 1838. Further remarks on the …
… dit jardin. Augsbourg. 128: 16 [Knapp, John Leonard ]. 1829. Journal of a …
… waters. Philadelphia. 128: 8 Staunton, George Leonard . 1797. An authentic account of …

Darwin Correspondence Project

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