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Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Matches: 28 hits
- … When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect …
- … ease of distribution sometime in late 1867 or early 1868. Darwin went over his questions, refining …
- … was the collection of observations on a global scale. Darwin was especially interested in peoples …
- … cultural and conventional, or instinctive and universal. Darwin used his existing correspondence …
- … and with the mouth a little drawn back at the corners?” Darwin’s questionnaire was an extension of …
- … was also carefully devised so as to prevent the feelings of Darwin’s remote observers from colouring …
- … and not the susceptibilities of a moral nature.” Darwin did not typically countenance such …
- … the collection of information to its display in print. After Darwin received all of the replies to …
- … except “yes” or “no.” “The same state of mind” Darwin would later assert in Expression of the …
- … uniformity.” Table of Correspondence about Darwin’s Questionnaire (click on the letter …
- … could available online ahead of schedule as part of the “Darwin and Human Nature” project, funded by …
- … Brooke, C.A.J. 30 Nov 1870 Sarawak, Borneo …
- … Southampton, England letter to W.E. Darwin shrugging/pouting of …
- … Crichton-Browne, James 15 March 1870 West Riding …
- … Crichton-Browne, James 18 March 1870 Down, Kent, …
- … blushing Darwin, Francis 20 June 1867 …
- … Bartlett and S. Sutton Darwin, Francis …
- … Donders, F.C. 27 May 1870 Utrecht, Netherlands …
- … Forbes, David 13 June 1870 Portman Square, London W. …
- … Abbey Place, London, England letter to Emma Darwin baby expression …
- … Penmaenmawr, Conway, Wales letter to Emma Darwin infant daughter …
- … Nicol, Patrick 13 May 1870 Sussex Lunatic Asylum, …
- … Reade, Winwood W. [c.8 or 9 Apr 1870] Accra, West …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 4 June 1870 Lagos, Africa …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 3 Sept 1870 Conservative Club, St …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 9 Nov 1870 11 St Mary Abbot's …
- … Weale, J.P.M. [25 May 1870] Bedford, Cape of Good …
- … Weir, J.J. 27 June 1870 Blackheath, London, England …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 9 hits
- … Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those …
- … a broad variety of women had access to, and engaged with, Darwin's published works. A set of …
- … women a target audience? Letter 2447 - Darwin to Murray, J., [5 April 1859] …
- … that his views are original and will appeal to the public. Darwin asks Murray to forward the …
- … and criticisms of style. Letter 2461 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [11 May 1859] …
- … typically-male readers. Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] …
- … and style. Letter 7329 - Murray , J. to Darwin, [28 September 1870] …
- … to Darwin, E., [8 November 1872] Ann Cupples asks Emma to pass on thanks to Darwin for …
- … Letter 7177 - Cupples, G. to Darwin, [29 April 1870] George Cupples tells Darwin about a …
Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870
Summary
This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…
Matches: 14 hits
- … This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific …
- … admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of Darwin’s life in 1860, in the immediate …
- … of publication of Descent of Man in 1871. In this period Darwin became a public figure, and the …
- … increased accordingly. Letters conveyed public reaction to Darwin, as people who were often complete …
- … worked up, or their religious doubts and concerns for Darwin’s own soul. Darwin himself used letters …
- … world a questionnaire on the expression of the emotions. Darwin also continued to confide in his …
- … yet been pointed out to me. No doubt many will be. Darwin to Huxley, 1860. …
- … when I know you have been miserably uncomfortable. Emma to Charles Darwin, 1861. …
- … gravitating towards your doctrines … Huxley to Darwin, 1862. I cannot bear …
- … what you think about the derivation of Species … Darwin to Charles Lyell, 1863. …
- … fairly settled & succeeding in India. John Scott to Darwin, 1864. I …
- … was quite out of balance once during our voyage … Darwin to Hooker (on hearing of Robert …
- … that the necks of your horses are badly galled … Darwin to a local landowner, 1866. …
- … you owe any more … Darwin to his son Francis, 1870. …
Jane Gray
Summary
Jane Loring Gray, the daughter of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and evidence suggests that she took an active interest in the scientific pursuits of her husband and his friends. Although she is only known to have…
Matches: 8 hits
- … pursuits of her husband and his friends. Just as Emma Darwin helped Charles with his …
- … she is only known to have corresponded directly with Darwin once, sending him observations about the …
- … Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) Darwin thanked ‘Professor and Mrs. Asa Gray’ …
- … the Darwins). Jane had taken away with her a copy of Darwin’s ‘Expression’ questionnaire, and was …
- … makes the different expressions in faces— Darwin’s interest in expression had taken …
- … Asa Gray and J. L. Gray, 8 and 9 May 1869 ) Darwin cited Gray’s observations on “grief …
- … North Africa in 1868 to 1869, the Grays visited Charles and Emma Darwin twice, spending several days …
- … the Grays when they toured the United States in 1871, and Emma Darwin wrote to Jane thanking her for …
'An Appeal' against animal cruelty
Summary
The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…
Matches: 12 hits
- … below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see …
- … of steel vermin-traps, was privately printed in July, and Emma organised the distribution of the …
- … Morning Star in 1862 (see Animal World , 1 January 1870, p. 75, 1 February 1872, p. 66). The …
- … 1872, pp. 99–100, 1 April 1874, p. 56). Charles and Emma distributed the 'Appeal' …
- … that a prize should be offered for a humane trap, and Emma accordingly sent out papers for …
- … for distributing the 'cruelty pamphlet', and letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, 8 …
- … paper Animal World , and prominently linked Charles Darwin"s name to the offer of a prize …
- … had little direct effect (Moss 1961, pp. 146–7, Emma Darwin 2: 200). Although the RSPCA …
- … than the possible alternatives (see letter from E. L. Darwin, 7 September 1863, letter from Emma …
- … England and Wales every night ( Animal World , 1 January 1870, p. 75). Under these circumstances, …
- … in 1877 ( Spectator , 6 January 1877, p. 15, and Emma Darwin 2: 200–1). While Emma …
- … Star , 8 December 1862 (see Animal World , 1 January 1870, p. 75). 5 Animal baiting, …
Casting about: Darwin on worms
Summary
Earthworms were the subject of a citizen science project to map the distribution of earthworms across Britain (BBC Today programme, 26 May 2014). The general understanding of the role earthworms play in improving soils and providing nutrients for plants to…
Matches: 11 hits
- … for plants to flourish can be traced back to the last book Darwin wrote, snappily-titled The …
- … on their habits, which was published in 1881. Despite Darwin’s fears that a book on earthworms might …
- … out in his Natural History of Selborne of 1789 (a book Darwin claimed had ‘much influence on my …
- … a new field in natural history, and almost a century later Darwin argued that all fields had passed …
- … variety of strange things he persuaded people to do. Darwin concluded that worms had no sense …
- … a metal whistle and to being shouted at, but also to Francis Darwin playing the bassoon, and to Emma …
- … realising that this negative evidence was also valuable to Darwin. Thomas Henry Farrer , …
- … existence of worms at that altitude. By the 1870s, Darwin was also drawing on the work of …
- … him. Soon worm excrement was trusted to postal services, and Darwin acquired casts from India and …
- … observations he had gathered to write a book on the subject. Darwin brought to the topic the …
- … bigger souls than anyone wd suppose’ ( letter to W. E. Darwin, 31 January [1881] (CUL DAR 210.6: …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 17 hits
- … | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
- … community. Here is a selection of letters exchanged between Darwin and his workforce of women …
- … Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August 1849] Darwin …
- … peculiarities in inheritance. Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to Darwin, [29 October …
- … garden. Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] Darwin’s …
- … . Letter 5745 - Barber, M. E. to Darwin, [after February 1867] Mary Barber …
- … Letter 6535 - Vaughan Williams , M. S. to Darwin, H. E., [after 14 October 1869] …
- … Letter 7179 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [5 May 1870] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, …
- … her observations on the expression of emotion in dogs with Emma Darwin. Letter 8676 …
- … 1868] Darwin’s nephew, Edmund, writes to Emma Darwin’s sister, Sarah, with observations of …
- … Darwin’s nephews, Edmund and Charles, write to Emma Darwin’s sister, Sarah, with observations of …
- … Wedgwood, S. E. & J. to Darwin, [10 November 1837] Emma’s sister, Sarah, passes on …
- … E. to Darwin, W. E., [January 23rd 1887]: Emma Darwin tells her eldest son, William, …
- … E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March, 1862 - DAR 219.1:49) Emma Darwin updates her son, William, …
- … Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] Darwin seeks Henrietta’s …
- … Letter 7123 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [March 1870] Darwin thanks his daughter, …
- … is a great critic”, thought the article worth reprinting, Emma was less convinced. Letter …
Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions
Summary
Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...
Matches: 1 hits
- … Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 25 hits
- … Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig …
- … as the creator of this dramatisation, and that of the Darwin Correspondence Project to be identified …
- … correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Jane Loring …
- … Actor 1 – Asa Gray Actor 2 – Charles Darwin Actor 3 – In the dress of a modern day …
- … Louis Agassiz, Adam Sedgwick, A Friend of John Stuart Mill, Emma Darwin, Horace Darwin… and acts as …
- … the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and between the audience and …
- … this, he sends out copies of his Review of the Life of Darwin. At this time in his life, Asa …
- … friends in England, copies of his ‘Review of the Life of Darwin’… pencilling the address so that it …
- … Joseph D Hooker GRAY: 3 Charles Darwin… made his home on the border of the little …
- … are kept in check by a constitutional weakness. DARWIN: A plain but comfortable brick …
- … by every blessing except that of vigorous health… DARWIN: 4 My confounded stomach …
- … pursuits and the simplicity of his character. DARWIN: 5 I am allowed to work now …
- … own house, where he was the most charming of hosts. DARWIN: 6 My life goes on …
- … being a part of [an unpublished] manuscript. Darwin settles down to write. His tone is …
- … THE CONCURRENCE OF BOTANISTS: 1855 In which Darwin initiates a long-running correspondence …
- … gossip about difficult colleagues (Agassiz). Gray realizes Darwin is not revealing all of his …
- … man, more formally attired and lighter on his feet than Darwin. He has many more demands on his time …
- … catches his attention. He opens the letter. DARWIN: 8 April 25 th 1855. My …
- … filled up the paper you sent me as well as I could. DARWIN: 10 My dear Dr Gray. I …
- … is condensed in that little sheet of note-paper! DARWIN: 11 My dear Hooker… What …
- … surprising good. GRAY: 12 My dear Mr Darwin, I rejoice in furnishing facts to …
- … Thank God he will never suffer more in this world. Poor Emma behaved nobly and how she stood it all …
- … DARWIN: My wife’s remark on reading this, was EMMA: Why, you know nothing about Logic. …
- … A GRAY 25 MAY 1868 182 C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER 1870 183 C DARWIN, …
- … NOV 1865 196 FROM A GRAY 27 FEBRUARY & 1 MARCH 1870 197 A GRAY TO JD …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 27 hits
- … In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous …
- … for scientific colleagues or their widows facing hardship. Darwin had suffered from poor health …
- … of his scientific friends quickly organised a campaign for Darwin to have greater public recognition …
- … Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwin’s greatest scientific pleasure. The year …
- … to Fritz Müller, 4 January 1882 ). These were topics that Darwin had been investigating for years, …
- … working at the effects of Carbonate of Ammonia on roots,’ Darwin wrote, ‘the chief result being that …
- … for some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwin’s interest in root response and the …
- … London on 6 and 16 March, respectively. In January, Darwin corresponded with George John …
- … letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 28 December 1881 ). Darwin had a long-running interest in such …
- … experiments had been conducted to lend support to Darwin’s theory of pangenesis (see …
- … He was eager to write up the results on Brazilian cane, with Darwin providing a detailed outline: ‘I …
- … at the Linnean Society on 4 May, but not published. Darwin carried on with botanical work in …
- … which are asymmetric, thus facilitating cross-fertilisation. Darwin’s aim, he said, was just to …
- … 3 April 1882 ). Earthworms and evolution Darwin’s last book, Earthworms , had been …
- … and was no longer able to take his daily strolls (Henrietta Emma Litchfield, ‘Charles Darwin’s death …
- … E. Litchfield to G. H. Darwin, 17 March 1882 (DAR 245: 319)) Emma wrote ten days later: ‘You will …
- … been a good deal plagued with dull aching in the chest’ (Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, [ c . 28 …
- … benefit & he escaped pain entirely yesterday’ (letter from Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, 6 April …
- … wrote to George, who had visited Down on 11 April (Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). ‘Father was taken …
- … H. Darwin, [19 April 1882] (DAR 245: 320)). It was left to Emma to convey the sorrowful news to his …
- … which I hope were never very violent’ ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, [20 April 1882 …
- … have possessed & have been able to be to him’ (letter from Emma Darwin to Leonard Darwin, [21? …
- … they were the most overflowing in tenderness’ (letter from Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin, 10 May 1882 …
- … was eagerly awaited by his family, including his cousin Emma Wedgwood. In long letters to her sister …
- … plied him with questions without any mercy’ ( letter from Emma Wedgwood to F. E. E. Wedgwood, [28 …
- … contents of bats?’ ( letter to Hermann Müller, 14 March 1870 ). One of Darwin’s other great …
- … much of him’ ( letter to George Cupples, 20 September [1870] ). Despite Darwin’s insistence …
Science: A Man’s World?
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…
Matches: 13 hits
- … Discussion Questions | Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth …
- … Letters Darwin’s Notes On Marriage [April - July 1838] In these notes, …
- … of family, home and sociability. Letter 489 - Darwin to Wedgwood, E., [20 January 1839] …
- … theories, & accumulating facts in silence & solitude”. Darwin also comments that he has …
- … Letter 3715 - Claparède, J. L. R. A. E. to Darwin, [6 September 1862] Claparède …
- … are not those of her sex”. Letter 4038 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [12-13 March 1863] …
- … critic”. Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 January 1864] Haeckel …
- … works”. Letter 4441 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [30 March 1864] Lydia Becker …
- … to study nature. Letter 4940 - Cresy, E. to Darwin, E., [20 November 1865] …
- … of physiology at Bedford College for girls. Appealing to Emma’s “feminine sympathies”, Cresy is keen …
- … masculine nor pedantic”. Letter 6976 - Darwin to Blackwell, A. B., [8 November 1869] …
- … , (1829). Letter 7329 - Murray, J. to Darwin, [28 September 1870] Written …
- … them ears”. Letter 8055 - Hennell, S. S. to Darwin, [7 November 1871] Sarah …
John Lubbock
Summary
John Lubbock was eight years old when the Darwins moved into the neighbouring property of Down House, Down, Kent; the total of one hundred and seventy surviving letters he went on to exchange with Darwin is a large number considering that the two men lived…
Matches: 15 hits
- … and seventy surviving letters he went on to exchange with Darwin is a large number considering that …
- … entertained well-connected visitors who often asked to meet Darwin too. Alongside careers in …
- … arrangements to meet. There are few people whose company Darwin so actively sought out, and despite …
- … it is clear that John Lubbock played a significant part in Darwin's life and work, becoming a …
- … was only twenty-five, but he provided drawings from Darwin's own dissections of ants, and …
- … ideas to humans. After his election as MP for Maidstone in 1870, Lubbock tried at Darwin’s request …
- … This was unsuccessful, but he went on to submit petitions on Darwin’s behalf seeking pensions for …
- … Contributions to Descent In Descent of man , Darwin referred to Lubbock’s published …
- … 94). But the most important aspect of Lubbock’s work for Darwin was the support it provided for the …
- … Lubbock’s Origin of civilisation , published in 1870 as Darwin was completing Descent, was …
- … than reflecting earlier stages of human development as Darwin believed, were the result of …
- … ‘I have read 4 or 5 Chapters with extreme interest,’ Darwin wrote, ‘too much interest for the good …
- … Lubbock, 18 March [1871] ). It was Lubbock who drew Darwin’s attention to McLennan’s …
- … , and introduced him to the concept of exogamy, though Darwin complained that he remained 'not …
- … asked for help to establish Romilly Allen, a cousin of Emma's, as an archaeologist. …
Darwin in public and private
Summary
Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…
Matches: 8 hits
- … The following extracts and selected letters explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual …
- … Selected letters Letter 1113 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [2 September 1847] …
- … of dark eyebrows. Letter 489 – Darwin to Wedgwood, E., [20 January 1859] …
- … progenitor. Letter 7123 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [March 1870] Darwin …
- … lower animals. Letter 7329 – Murray, J. to Darwin, [28 September 1870] Written …
- … impeding general perusal. Letter 8146 – Darwin to Treat, M., [5 January 1872] …
- … of her work on Drosera. Letter 10546 – Darwin to Editor of The Times , [23 June …
- … progress of physiology. Letter 10746 – Darwin to Dicey, E. M., [1877] …
Expression
Summary
Darwin's interest in emotional expression can be traced as far back as the Beagle voyage. He was fascinated by the different sounds and gestures among the peoples of Tierra del Fuego, and on his return from the voyage he started recording observations…
Matches: 27 hits
- … Darwin's interest in emotional expression can be traced as far back as the …
- … and sympathy, comparing the behaviour of humans and animals. Darwin's work on expression was …
- … in 1872, it had been over thirty years in gestation. Darwin sometimes referred to expression …
- … more that I shd like to write but I have not strength '. Darwin persevered, however. He …
- … book swelled to two volumes, and then so did Descent . By 1870, Darwin had amassed so much …
- … his marriage, he shared his interest in expression with Emma (then his fiancée), and asked her to …
- … and their communications were often addressed either to Emma or her eldest daughter . 'I am …
- … to comfort him '. Unlike the many men who contributed to Darwin's research, and whose …
- … by name. While he was observing his children at home, Darwin was also studying expression in …
- … out & purr '. Observations extended to caged creatures. Darwin requested his niece Lucy …
- … make it scream without hurting it much? ' When in London, Darwin sometimes went to the zoo …
- … of the oddest ever asked '. Another main object of Darwin's investigation was …
- … and shake their heads horizontally to express dissent? '. Darwin continued to refine his …
- … were able to distribute additional copies locally, so that Darwin's questionnaire reached …
- … North and South America, and South Africa. Despite Darwin's precisely worded questions, …
- … me more as the snarling contentions of cowardly dogs '. Darwin received one response from a …
- … Gaika's replies, written out in English, so impressed Darwin that he remarked to his colonial …
- … a truly wonderful fact in the progress of civilization '. Darwin's outlook was …
- … the worse servant he is. ' Most of the overt racism of Darwin's correspondents was passed …
- … between peoples were also erased. Such exclusions allowed Darwin to conclude more readily that …
- … ancestral species. Another class of subjects whom Darwin thought were particularly important …
- … the well-known alienist Henry Maudsley who forwarded Darwin's queries to his friend, James …
- … to that of some animals when under threat . For Browne, Darwin's letters and the opportunity …
- … '. On learning of Browne's interest in photography, Darwin lent him another set of …
- … than the often exaggerated depictions of artists. When Darwin requested permission to use some of …
- … men of science the question of money cannot exist .' Darwin was extremely interested in …
- … states, to explain expression. This was consistent with Darwin's theory that emotional response …
3.9 Leonard Darwin, photo on horseback
Summary
< Back to Introduction It is so rare to encounter an image of Darwin in a specific locale that a family photograph of him riding his horse Tommy takes on a special interest. He is at the front of Down House, the door of which is open; it seems as…
Matches: 14 hits
- … It is so rare to encounter an image of Darwin in a specific locale that a family photograph of him …
- … evidently moved his head during the exposure. According to Darwin’s biographers, Desmond and Moore, …
- … it was apparently not circulated outside the family during Darwin’s lifetime. When shown in the …
- … The fact that the photograph was lent to the exhibition by Darwin’s son William suggested to Janet …
- … John van Wyhe state that the photograph was taken by Leonard Darwin, who often photographed his …
- … of the race’. Henrietta recalled in Emma Darwin: A Century of Family Letters, ‘My …
- … brother George reported to her in a letter of February 1870, ‘I have been doing all I can to stop …
- … on Tommy’s fate thereafter. It is known, however, that Darwin himself was very solicitous over the …
- … pleasing traits in his character’. On his home turf, Darwin persuaded the RSPCA to prosecute a man …
- … horses’ necks were ‘badly galled’, saying that he, Darwin, must and would intervene again, ‘for the …
- … originator of image unknown: assumed to be Leonard Darwin date of creation unknown (c …
- … print references and bibliography Darwin’s draft letter to a local farmer, c.1866, about …
- … (London: Richard Bentley & Son, 1894), vol. 2, p. 124. Darwin Centenary: The Portraits, Prints …
- … 2009), pp. 124-154 (p. 139). Henrietta Litchfield, Emma Darwin: A Century of Family Letters, 1792 …
Julia Wedgwood
Summary
Charles Darwin’s readership largely consisted of other well-educated Victorian men, nonetheless, some women did read, review, and respond to Darwin’s work. One of these women was Darwin’s own niece, Julia Wedgwood, known in the family as “Snow”. In July…
Matches: 15 hits
- … Though Charles Darwin’s readership largely consisted of other well-educated Victorian men, a …
- … niece, Julia Wedgwood. She was the eldest child of Emma Darwin’s brother, Hensleigh Wedgwood, …
- … novel. Her first important periodical contributions were on Darwin, Lyell, the debate on the origins …
- … campaign for election to the first London Education Board in 1870 and served as informal Classics …
- … management and free her to devote her time to her work. Emma Darwin was irritated by Wedgwood family …
- … of her teachers and the proximity of her uncle Charles Darwin, she ought, she said, “to have been …
- … about On the Origin of Species . Wedgwood welcomed Darwin’s discoveries and sought to understand …
- … churchmen were eventually reconciled with Darwinism. Darwin wrote to his niece: “I must tell you how …
- … that I find a very rare event with my critics”. ( Charles Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, 11 July [1861] …
- … Wallace.) In it Wedgwood largely avoided the debate on Darwin’s explanation of the natural …
- … in animal and human behaviour, particularly in courtship. Darwin’s emphasis on man’s discovery of …
- … in Pauline doctrine. In her conclusion she reclaimed Darwin as a Theist. When Fanny Wedgwood …
- … of sexual selection] with approbation.” ( Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?] …
- … objections produced a sanitised version toning down Darwin’s objections to Christianity. Both the …
- … caused great offence to the Darwin sons but was accepted by Emma Darwin, with whom Wedgwood remained …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 15 hits
- … activities for building and maintaining such connections. Darwin's networks extended from his …
- … when strong institutional structures were largely absent. Darwin had a small circle of scientific …
- … section contains two sets of letters. The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. …
- … about Hooker’s thoughts. Letter 729 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., [11 Jan 1844] …
- … is like confessing a murder”. Letter 736 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 23 Feb [1844 …
- … of wide-ranging species to wide-ranging genera. Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 …
- … of the species. Letter 1685 — Gray, Asa to Darwin, C. R., 22 May 1855 Gray …
- … of alpine flora in the USA. Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 20 July [1857] …
- … have in simple truth been of the utmost value to me.” Darwin believes species have arisen, like …
- … or continuous area; they are actual lineal descendants. Darwin discusses fertilisation in the bud …
- … exchange This collection of letters between Darwin and Hooker, while Darwin was writing his …
- … to information exchange. Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct [1848] …
- … J. D. Hooker to take Scott on at Kew. Darwin notes that Emma begs him not to employ him at Down. He …
- … Letter 1176 — Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, Emma, [20–1 May 1848] Darwin writes to his wife Emma. …
- … 7124 — Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] Darwin writes to his daughter …
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 27 hits
- … At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of …
- … appeared at the end of 1866 and had told his cousin William Darwin Fox, ‘My work will have to stop a …
- … material on emotional expression. Yet the scope of Darwin’s interests remained extremely broad, and …
- … plants, and earthworms, subjects that had exercised Darwin for decades, and that would continue to …
- … Carl von Nägeli and perfectibility Darwin’s most substantial addition to Origin was a …
- … a Swiss botanist and professor at Munich (Nägeli 1865). Darwin had considered Nägeli’s paper …
- … principal engine of change in the development of species. Darwin correctly assessed Nägeli’s theory …
- … in most morphological features (Nägeli 1865, p. 29). Darwin sent a manuscript of his response (now …
- … are & must be morphological’. The comment highlights Darwin’s apparent confusion about Nägeli’s …
- … ‘purely morphological’. The modern reader may well share Darwin’s uncertainty, but Nägeli evidently …
- … pp. 28–9). In further letters, Hooker tried to provide Darwin with botanical examples he could use …
- … problems of heredity Another important criticism that Darwin sought to address in the fifth …
- … prevailing theory of blending inheritance that Jenkin and Darwin both shared, would tend to be lost …
- … ( Origin 5th ed., pp. 103–4). The terminology that Darwin and others employed in these matters ( …
- … ‘I must have expressed myself atrociously’, Darwin wrote to Alfred Russel Wallace on 2 February , …
- … of Origin was the result of correspondence between Darwin and the geologist James Croll. In the …
- … but it was his theory of alternate ice ages that piqued Darwin’s interest the most. He wrote, ‘this …
- … ( letter to James Croll, 31 January [1869] ). Darwin had argued ( Origin , pp. 377–8) that plant …
- … would always exist. In Origin 5th ed., pp. 450–61, Darwin accounted for the survival of tropical …
- … James Croll, 31 January [1869] ). Croll could not supply Darwin with an estimate of the age of the …
- … ( letter from James Croll, 4 February 1869 ). Darwin did not directly challenge Thomson’s …
- … 19 March [1869] ). Towards Descent Once Darwin had completed revisions of the …
- … the basis for a new German edition (Bronn and Carus trans. 1870), prepared by Julius Victor Carus, …
- … own evolutionary views and critical commentary (Royer trans. 1870). Darwin complained to Hooker, …
- … work some hours daily’ ( letter to Anton Dohrn, 4 January 1870 ). Darwin’s health was generally …
- … Darwin had faithfully followed the prescription. Henrietta Emma Darwin wrote to her brother George …
- … season, Darwin spent some of his evenings listening to Emma read aloud from a new book by Darwin’s …
Darwin and the Church
Summary
The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…
Matches: 22 hits
- … The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It …
- … unique window into this complicated relationship throughout Darwin’s life, as it reveals his …
- … belief (and doubt) than many non-conformist denominations. Darwin’s parents attended a Unitarian …
- … the necessary studies to be a clergyman. During Darwin’s lifetime, the vast majority of the …
- … income was essential to enjoy a gentlemanly lifestyle. For Darwin, who could rely on the financial …
- … compatible with the pursuit of scientific interests. Indeed, Darwin’s Cambridge mentor, John Stevens …
- … (Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (1887): 321). Darwin started on his journey around the world …
- … it even through a grove of Palms.—’ (letter to Caroline Darwin, 25–6 April [1832] ). Darwin’s …
- … Museum or some other learned place’ (letter from E. A. Darwin, 18 August [1832] ). Writing to Fox …
- … about—’ (letter to W. D. Fox, [9–12 August] 1835 ). Darwin’s doubts about orthodox belief, and …
- … the late 1830s, and in correspondence with his fiancée, Emma Wedgwood, in 1838 and 1839, as can be …
- … within six years of his return from the Beagle voyage, Darwin moved to Down House, in the …
- … of England. The whole family took the sacrament, although Emma used to make the children turn around …
- … where their children Mary and Charles were buried; later Darwin’s brother Erasmus, Emma’s sister …
- … church involvement can be attributed to the influence of Emma, whose religious scruples are …
- … Although he was not the principal landowner in Down, Darwin was a gentleman of means, and clearly …
- … village. During the period roughly between 1800 and 1870, the Church of England underwent its …
- … made inroads on Anglican authority in the countryside. The Darwin family took an interest in, and …
- … Ffinden strongly disapproved of the Darwins. In his eyes, Emma’s Unitarian leanings and Darwin’s …
- … schools in this period, the Down school was Anglican. Emma wished it to be used as a reading room …
- … even altered the habits of the household in order to allow Emma and the children to attend his …
- … increase his desire to actually attend Sunday services with Emma and the children. Darwin’s life in …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 23 hits
- … The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now …
- … and also a meeting with Herbert Spencer, who was visiting Darwin’s neighbour, Sir John Lubbock. In …
- … all but the concluding chapter of the work was submitted by Darwin to his publisher in December. …
- … hypothesis of hereditary transmission. Debate about Darwin’s theory of transmutation …
- … alleged evidence of a global ice age, while Asa Gray pressed Darwin’s American publisher for a …
- … for the Advancement of Science. Fuller consideration of Darwin’s work was given by Hooker in an …
- … frustrations were punctuated by family bereavement. Two of Darwin’s sisters died, Emily Catherine …
- … from painful illness. Diet and exercise Among Darwin’s first letters in the new year …
- … every day’ ( letter to H. B. Jones, 3 January [1866] ). Darwin had first consulted Jones in July …
- … ( letter from H. B. Jones, 10 February [1866] ). Darwin began riding the cob, Tommy, on 4 …
- … day which I enjoy much.’ The new exercise regime led to Darwin’s being teased by his neighbour, John …
- … John Lubbock, 4 August 1866 ). More predictably, however, Darwin immediately converted his renewed …
- … Since the publication of Origin in November 1859, Darwin had continued gathering and organising …
- … by natural selection was based. The work relied heavily on Darwin’s extensive correspondence over …
- … and poultry expert William Bernhard Tegetmeier. In January, Darwin wrote to Tegetmeier that he was …
- … ( letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 16 January [1866] ). Darwin found the evidence of variation in …
- … varieties from Columbia livia , the rock pigeon. Darwin on heredity: the 'provisional …
- … chapter headed ‘Provisional hypothesis of pangenesis’, Darwin proposed that the various phenomena of …
- … A London holiday In April Darwin went with his wife, Emma, and daughter Henrietta, to London, …
- … him owing to the beard he had grown over the past few years. Emma described the Royal Society event …
- … isn’t it?’), as well as the role that she and Emma continued to play in safeguarding Darwin’s health …
- … and a revised American edition was not published until 1870. Further botanical research: …
- … poor Susan’s loneliness’ ( letter from E. C. Langton to Emma and Charles Darwin, [6 and 7? January …
