The year is established by the reference to Janet 1863 (see n. 2, below).

Paul Janet’s 1863 article was entitled ‘Le matérialisme contemporain: une théorie anglaise sur les causes finales’ (‘Contemporary materialism: an English theory of final causes’). This early French review of Origin did not clearly accept or reject CD’s theory, but stated that zoologists should be the ultimate judges. However, Janet also wrote that natural selection was only acceptable if its results were foreordained and compatible with the notion of God as the final cause (see L. L. Clark 1984, p. 17, and Tort 1996, p. 2382). A lightly annotated copy of Janet 1863 is in the Darwin Pamphlet Collection–CUL.