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Darwin Correspondence Project

To S. H. Vines   22 November 1881

Down, | Beckenham, Kent. | (Railway Station | Orpington. S.E.R.)

Nov. 22. 1881.

Do not read this until you are at leisure.

My dear Mr Vines

I write just to say that the rows of cells with granular matter after C. of Ammonia are exhibited as well by the white & young rootlets of the common zonal Pelargonium, as by Euphorbia.1 There is a slight difference that 2, 3, 4 or 5 rows with granular matter often adjoin one other. There are, also, long cells & I think tubes with coarser granular matter round & amidst the vascular bundle. So I was altogether wrong in supposing that these rows of cells were indirectly connected with the laticiferous ducts. But I have observed a fact today & yesterday with the Pelargonium (whether it will hold with Euphorbia I do not yet know) which seems to me remarkable, viz that the root-hairs arise exclusively from the rows of cells which are not acted on by the C. of Ammonia & which do not contain the brownish granular matter.2 It appears,, therefore, that certain rows of cells with hairs act as absorbant, & that the adjoining rows act for elaborating or storing matter of some kind. This is to me is a new view of the structure & function of rootlets, & I shd. like to hear whether you know of anything of the kind. I traced 50 root-hairs to colourless cells & did not see one arising from the cells with granular matter; & this seemed sufficient evidence; but I must keep my eyes open for I am always blundering.—

Yours very sincerely | Ch. Darwin

My son Frank will return home from salmon-fishing in a few days3 & he will then make the salt-solution, which I will try, as you recommend, though I do not know object.—4

I work with No’ 8. of Hartnack, sometimes looking with next lower power.5

Footnotes

See letter to S. H. Vines, 15 November 1881. CD was studying the effects of the application of various chemical solutions to the root cells of some species of Euphorbia (spurge). Pelargonium is a genus of perennials indigenous to temperate and tropical regions; P. zonale is native to southern Africa and is one of the parents of the widely cultivated Pelargonium x hortorum.
CD’s notes on Pelargonium zonale dated 21 to 23 November 1881 are in DAR 62: 82–6. In his published paper, ‘Action of carbonate of ammonia on roots’, p. 250, CD noted that no root-hairs seemed to arise from cells containing granules.
Francis Darwin had been salmon fishing in Wales (see letter to Francis Darwin, 9 November [1881]).
Vines had originally suggested using water to dissolve the granules (see letter from S. H. Vines, 2 November [1881]). There may be a missing letter in which he suggested a ten per cent salt solution (see letter from S. H. Vines, 24 November [1881] and ‘Action of carbonate of ammonia on roots’, p. 242).
CD owned a microscope made by Edmund Hartnack (see letter to S. H. Vines, 4 November 1881 and n. 2).

Bibliography

‘Action of carbonate of ammonia on roots’: The action of carbonate of ammonia on the roots of certain plants. By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 March 1882.] Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Botany) 19: 239–61.

Summary

Rows of cells with granular matter following treatment with carbonate of ammonia also found in white and young rootlets of common zonal Pelargonium. Differs slightly from Euphorbia in that 2, 3, 4, or 5 rows often adjoin. CD wrong in supposing that these rows of cells were connected with lacticiferous ducts ("milk-tubes"). Root hairs arise exclusively from rows of cells without brownish granular matter. It appears that certain rows of cells with hairs are absorbent and store matter of some kind. This is a new view of the structure and function of rootlets. Francis Darwin will soon set up the salt solution to make the experiment SHV recommends.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-13505A
From
Charles Robert Darwin
To
Sydney Howard Vines
Sent from
Down
Source of text
DAR 185: 78
Physical description
ALS 4pp

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 13505A,” accessed on 18 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-13505A.xml

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