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Darwin Correspondence Project

From R. W. Dixon   20 December 1879

Wickham Bishops, | Witham, Essex.

Dec. 20. 1879

My dear Sir,

I have just read with deep interest your “life of Erasmus Darwin”.1

My conception of the character of Dr. Darwin always made me feel very dissatisfied with his life by Miss Seward2

In the life I have just read I recognise the faithful, affectionate & benevolent friend I had conceived the Dr. to be.

The occasion of my writing is to say that I many years ago took copies of four letters written by Dr. Darwin—three of them from from the original letters addressed to my Gt. Gd. father Richard Dixon & one from a copy of a letter to a Son of my Gt. Gd. father.

I enclose a copy of the letter which seems to me likely to be of most interest to you & which my Son has taken for me.3

I also write to ask if you have in your searches come across any letters to Dr. Darwin from any members of my family especially from Richard Dixon who died I believe 1797. That Richard Dixon was born at Elston abt. the same time as Dr. Darwin & on the back of his apprenticeship indentures are the names of

Wm. Alvey Darwin

John Darwin4

Erasmus Darwin

June 10. 1747

A few years ago I paid a visit to Elston but found no remains of my family. I went into the ancient chapel in the records of which was the baptism of my Gt. Gd. father. I also went to see Elston Hall & was much interested in seeing the ground laid out & planted by Dr. Darwin.5

While reading this life of yr. Grandfather it occured to me that it is possible Miss Susanna Darwin6 might allude in some letter to her Brother to the Dixons or Sumners—my relatives   if so & if it would not be over burdensome to you I should feel very much obliged if you would let me know of any such allusions, for the slightest would be of interest.

I fear I have intruded myself too long on your attention but the interest I feel in these matters induced me to venture

I am | My dear Sir | sincerely yours | Robert Walker Dixon

P.S. I shall be glad to forward you copies of Dr. Darwin’s other letters if you desire them.7

[Enclosure]

Derby

Oct. 25th.— 92.

To Richard Dixon. Citizen. | Hartfordend. Felstad. Essex—8

My dear old friend

I should have written to you much sooner but waited for a frank, as Erasmus9 promises at the same time to send you a scrawl,— I wish him to send you a subpœna to Derby, where you well know I shall at any time be very glad to see you or your’s.— I hope you will come next summer & see yr. Cousin Sumner;10 you who are now a gentleman, at large, & not confined at home all the year, as I am, should not neglect your old Elston friends;—if I were Cousin Sumner, I believe I should strike you out of my will for not coming down this last summer!—she expects an annual kiss from you at least;—whether your mouth is drawn on one side or not,—you must mind on which side you approach lest you should kiss her ear. I am glad to find your spirits are so good, as to joke upon yr. infirmity of having yr. mouth drawn a little to one side, my next door neighbour, a young man to you, I suppose not 50 has had just such a seizure, which he is slowly recovering from, you say the only inconvenience you find, is that you cannot now whistle to amuse yourself, & he says all the inconvenience he finds, is, that he cannot blow out his candle, when he goes into bed. If yr. Doctor says you are well, how dare you think to the contrary? The success of the French against a confederacy of kings gives me great pleasure, & I hope they will preserve their liberty, & spread the holy flame of freedom over Europe.11 For my part I go on as usual to practice physic, and to write books,— I sold a work called “The Botanic Garden” for 900£ to Johnson the bookseller near St. Paul’s, it is a poem; perhaps you may borrow it from some circulating library; it is in two parts and sold for 1—13—0—12   I intend to publish another work next in prose wh. will be chiefly on physic, I fear it will not sell so well as the last.13 The worst thing I find now is this d—n’d old age, which creeps slily upon one, like moss upon a tree, and wrinkles one all over like a baked pear.—but I see by your letter that your juvenility will never fail you; you’l laugh on to the last, like Pope Alexander, who died laughing; on seeing his tame monkey steal to bedside, and put on the holy Tiara, the triple crown, wh. denotes him king of kings.14 Now Mr. Pain says that he thinks a monkey or a bear, or a goose may govern a kingdom as well, & at a much less expense than any being in Christendom, whether idiot or madman, or in his royal senses;15 adieu dear Citizen from thy affectionate equal

E. Darwin

Mrs. Darwin & all here beg to be remembered to you & send compliments to Mrs. Dixon.16 Brother John is returned to Carlton, & preaches furiously, he prays as usual, and advises his parish, & makes up differences & advises the poor as he used to do— He’ill hold the Devil a good tugg, I hope yet, for there are few such clergy to be found. I don’t believe amongst the 8000 French parsons, wh. you are now feeding in London, & wh. France has spewed out of her mouth, that you can find one equal to your old playfellow at Carlton Scroop.17 Pray give my complys., to all yr. sons. Mry. Day. is a teacher at Mrs. Ton’s boarding school at Chesterfield, and Susannah is going to be governess in a family near Chesterfield. & seem both very happy in their situations.18

Footnotes

Erasmus Darwin, which included a lengthy biography of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) by CD, had recently been published.
On Anna Seward’s biography of Erasmus Darwin (Seward 1804), see King-Hele 1999, pp. 26, 327.
William Alvey Darwin and John Darwin were Erasmus Darwin’s elder brothers.
Elston Hall near Nottingham was the birthplace of Erasmus Darwin; he did not live there as an adult.
Susannah Darwin was Erasmus Darwin’s elder sister.
See the enclosure to the missing letter from R. W. Dixon, [after 20 December 1878].
Felsted, Essex.
Erasmus Darwin (1759–99) was Erasmus Darwin’s son.
The French First Republic was declared in September 1792.
In 1794 and 1796, Erasmus Darwin published Zoonomia; or, the laws of organic life, ‘an endeavour to reduce the facts belonging to animal life into classes, orders, genera, and species; and, by comparing them with each other, to unravel the theory of diseases’ (E. Darwin 1794–6, 1: 1).
The source of this anecdote has not been identified, but see also E. Darwin 1794–6, 1: 426 (34.1.4). No pope is recorded as having died laughing at a monkey (Reardon 2004).
This wording does not appear in Thomas Paine’s publications, but he had been in England between 1787 and 1792; the second part of his Rights of man (Paine 1792) was published in February 1792 (ODNB). Erasmus Darwin was a founding member of one of the local societies inspired by Paine’s ideas, the Derby Society for Political Information (King-Hele 1999, p. 276).
Erasmus Darwin’s wife was Elizabeth Darwin (1747–1832); Richard Dixon’s wife was Mary Dixon.
John Darwin was rector of Carlton Scroop, a village in Lincolnshire. On estimates of the numbers of refugees from the French Revolution in Britain at this time, see Carpenter 1999, pp. 39–43. A large proportion of refugees were clergymen, owing to the revolutionary government’s policy of limiting the power of the church.
Susanna and Mary Parker were Erasmus Darwin’s natural daughters by his former employee Mary Parker, who had married Joseph Day. Mrs Ton has not been further identified. According to King-Hele 1999, p. 275, Susanna was going to be a governess to the family of Mrs Gladwin, at Stubbing, near Chesterfield; this was Frances Gladwin, a widow.

Bibliography

Carpenter, Kirsty. 1999. Refugees of the French Revolution: émigrés in London, 1789–1802. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan Press. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Darwin, Erasmus. 1789–91. The botanic garden; a poem, in two parts. Pt 1. The economy of vegetation. London: J. Johnson. 1791. Pt 2. The loves of the plants. With philosophical notes. Lichfield: J. Jackson. 1789.

Darwin, Erasmus. 1794–6. Zoonomia; or, the laws of organic life. 2 vols. London: J. Johnson.

King-Hele, Desmond. 1999. Erasmus Darwin. A life of unequalled achievement. London: Giles de la Mare Publishers.

Paine, Thomas. 1792. Rights of man: part the second. Combining principle and practice. London: printed for the booksellers.

Reardon, Wendy J. 2004. The deaths of the popes: comprehensive accounts, including funerals, burial places and epitaphs. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland & Company.

Seward, Anna. 1804. Memoirs of the life of Dr. Darwin. London: J. Johnson.

Summary

RWD has read "with deep interest" Erasmus Darwin. He has copies of four letters from Erasmus Darwin to his great-grandfather, Richard Dixon, and he encloses a copy of the most interesting one.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-12368
From
Robert Walker Dixon
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Wickham Bishops
Source of text
DAR 218: D2, D3
Physical description
ALS 4pp, encl 4pp

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 12368,” accessed on 20 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-12368.xml

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