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To Oswald Heer 28 February 1877

Summary

Thanks for work on Fossil arctic flora.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Oswald Heer
Date:	28 Feb 1877
Classmark:	Landesarchiv des Kantons Glarus, Switzerland (Bestand Oswald Heer (1809–83) LAGL PA 22.A 1:14)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-10872F

Matches: 5 hits

… Thanks for work on Fossil arctic flora. …
… Bibliography Heer, Oswald. 1868–83. Flora fossilis arctica. …
… Die fossile flora der Polarländer. 7 vols. Zurich: J. Wurster & Comp. …
… Heer evidently sent volume 4 of Flora fossilis arctica ( Heer 1868–83 ), published in …
… me your fine work on the Fossil Arctic Flora. It forms a valuable addition to the many …

To J. D. Hooker 1 August [1857]

Summary

Important issue at stake with new flora calculations: evidence that species are only strongly marked varieties. Planning large-scale survey.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	1 Aug [1857]
Classmark:	DAR 114: 206, 207
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-2130

Matches: 11 hits

… Important issue at stake with new flora calculations: evidence that species are only …
… Has not Koch published good Germany Flora: does he mark varieties? Could you lend …
… it me? Is there not some grand Russian Flora which perhaps has vars. …
… marked. — The Floras ought to be well known. — I am in no hurry for a few weeks. — Will …
… Wilhelm Daniel Joseph. 1843–4. Synopsis florae Germanicae et Helveticae, exhibens stirpes …
… Ledebour, Karl Friedrich von. 1842–53. Flora Rossica sive enumeratio plantarum in totius …
… wish much you would think of any well-worked Floras with from 1000–2000 species, with the …
… done or am doing. Babington Henslow British Flora London Catalogue. H. C. Watson Boreau. …
… N. U. States Hooker. N. Zealand ——— Fragment of Indian Flora Wollaston Madeira Insects. …
… Press. 1985–. Fürnrohr, August Emanuel. 1839. Flora Ratisbonensis, oder Uebersicht der um …
… Cambridge. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1853–5. Flora Novæ-Zelandiæ. 2 vols. Pt 2 of The botany …

To J. D. Hooker 3 January [1860]

Summary

High praise and detailed comments on JDH’s introductory essay to Flora Tasmaniae, which CD has now finished reading.

Disagrees on power of transoceanic migration. Advocates glacial transport of plants.

CD’s response to reviews of Origin in Saturday Review [8 (1859): 775–6] and John Lindley’s in Gardeners’ Chronicle [but see 2651].

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	3 Jan [1860]
Classmark:	DAR 115: 1
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-2635

Matches: 18 hits

… comments on JDH’s introductory essay to Flora Tasmaniae , which CD has now finished …
… was unlikely. CD’s comment about the flora at the foot of the Himalayas alludes to a …
… essay’ was the introduction to Hooker’s Flora Tasmaniæ ( Hooker 1855–60 ). It was also …
… 7). CD refers to the introductory essay of the Flora Indica (Hooker and Thomson 1855) and …
… a similar introduction to Hooker’s Flora Novæ-Zelandiæ ( Hooker 1853–5 ). CD’s annotated …
… 1985–. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1853–5. Flora Novæ-Zelandiæ. 2 vols. Pt 2 of The botany of …
… Reeve. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1855–60. Flora Tasmaniæ. Pt 3 of The botany of the Antarctic …
… this beats all. The general comparison of Flora of Australia with rest of world strikes …
… inexplicable fact. — The invading Indian Flora very interesting; but I think the fact you …
… as of the races of man in Britain. Your remark on mixed invading Flora keeping down or …
… destroying an original Flora which was richer in number of species, strikes me as …
… whether to me the discussion on N. Zealand Flora is not even more instructive. I cannot …
… Robert Brown’s essay on the Australian flora ( Brown 1814 ), which Hooker praised in his …
… were highly characteristic of the Australian flora, but not entirely confined to it, and …
… Australian contribution to the Indian flora ( Hooker 1859 , p. l). CD believed that …
… invaded & almost exterminated Australian Flora of Tropics. —’ In his essay ( Hooker 1859 , …
… remarked that the future of the Australian flora depended upon its power to compete with …
… the remarkable difference between the flora of south-west Australia compared with that of …

To Asa Gray 2 May [1856]

Summary

Suggests affinities of the U. S. flora that he considers would be worth investigating. Wants to know the ranges of species in large and small genera.

Questions AG on naturalised plants; whether any are social in U. S. which are not so elsewhere and how variable they are compared with indigenous species. Would like to know of any differences in the variability of species at different points of their ranges and also the physical states of plants at the extremes of their ranges.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Asa Gray
Date:	2 May [1856]
Classmark:	Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (4)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-1863

Matches: 14 hits

… 369– 403. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1844–7. Flora Antarctica. 1 vol. and 1 vol. of plates. Pt …
… Ross. London: Reeve Brothers. Wahlenberg, Göran. 1824–6. Flora Suecica. 2 pts. Upsala. …
… Suggests affinities of the U. S. flora that he considers would be worth investigating. …
… first part of his paper ‘Statistics of the flora of the northern United States’ ( A. Gray …
… del Fuego are not separately listed in Flora Antarctica ( Hooker 1844–7 ), but presumably …
… Gray would extract them from the Fuegian flora details. A. de Candolle 1855 , 1: 457–73. …
… 1985–. Gray, Asa. 1856–7. Statistics of the flora of the northern United States. American …
… be a real kindness to me. — I suppose your Flora is too great; but a simple list in close …
… in introduction to N. Zealand & other Flora. — I am sure I have given you a larger dose …
… and convenient form, the elements of flora I was occupied with. ’ ( A. Gray 1856–7 , p. …
… a discussion of the alpine and sub-alpine flora of the United States ( A. Gray 1856–7 , …
… 226–9. Gray attempted a ‘Comparison of the flora of the northern United States with that …
… calculations made on data for the Cape flora of South Africa, CD concluded by stating: ‘So …
… Nothing would give me a better idea of Flora of U.S. than the proportion of the genera to …

To J. D. Hooker [17 November 1845]

Summary

Comments on JDH’s Flora Antarctica. CD is delighted with it.

"I can never cease marvelling at the similarity of the Antarctic floras: it is wonderful."

Questions JDH on points raised by the work: absence of alpine flora on southern islands; comparison of climate and floras of Tasmania and New Zealand.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	[17 Nov 1845]
Classmark:	DAR 114: 46
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-927

Matches: 10 hits

… Comments on JDH’s Flora Antarctica . CD is delighted with it. " …
… cease marvelling at the similarity of the Antarctic floras: it is wonderful." Questions …
… JDH on points raised by the work: absence of alpine flora on southern islands; …
… comparison of climate and floras of Tasmania and New Zealand. …
… 1841–9. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1844– 7. Flora Antarctica. 1 vol. and 1 vol. of plates. Pt …
… I have just got as far as Lycopodium in your Flora & in truth cannot say enough how much I …
… at the similarity of the Antarctic Floras: it is wonderful. — I hope you will tabulate all …
… surprised me more, than the absence of Alpine floras in the S. islands: it strikes me as …
… T. del Fuego had possessed a large alpine flora! — I sh d . much like to know whether the …
… appearance of places & yet I presume the Flora of the former is far more scanty than of …

To J. S. Henslow [10 November 1839]

Summary

Urges JSH to describe Galapagos species in a paper on the flora of the islands.

Has been interested in geographical distribution and would be interested to have a paper by JSH on the general character of flora of Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia.

"I keep on steadily collecting every sort of fact which may throw light on the origin & variation of species."

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	John Stevens Henslow
Date:	[10 Nov 1839]
Classmark:	The Morgan Library and Museum, New York (Heineman Collection MA 7127)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-543

Matches: 10 hits

… Endlicher, Stephan Ladislaus. 1833. Prodromus florae Norfolkicae sive catalogus stirpium …
… describe Galapagos species in a paper on the flora of the islands. Has been interested in …
… paper by JSH on the general character of flora of Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia. "I keep …
… Do think once again of making one paper on the Flora of these islands—like Roxburgh on St. …
… journals, the general character of the Flora never will be known, & foreigners, at least, …
… to have a paper at some time from you on the general character of the Flora of T. del. …
… Fuego & especially of the Alpine Flora〈. 〉 The one point of land, which projects so far …
… has published any general account of the Flora of Patagonia,—small as my collection is,—it …
… gives I am sure a very fair notion of the Flora—& the climate being so peculiar, I cannot …
… more remarkable than the contrasts of its Flora with that of Tierra del Fuego, countries …

To Axel Blytt 28 March 1876

Summary

Thanks AB for his paper on the Norwegian flora ["Forsög til en Theori om Invandringen af Norges Flora", Nyt Mag. Naturvidensk. 21 (1876): 279–362]. Appears to CD to be the most important contribution towards understanding the present distribution of plants since Edward Forbes’s essay on the effects of the glacial period ["On the connexion between the distribution of existing fauna and flora of the British Isles and the geological changes which have affected their area", Mem. Geol. Surv. Engl. & Wales 1 (1846): 336–432].

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Axel Gudbrand (Axel) Blytt
Date:	28 Mar 1876
Classmark:	Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Copenhagen
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-10433

Matches: 7 hits

… Thanks AB for his paper on the Norwegian flora ["Forsög til en Theori …
… om Invandringen af Norges Flora", Nyt Mag. Naturvidensk. 21 (1876): 279–362]. Appears to …
… the distribution of existing fauna and flora of the British Isles and the geological …
… work on “The Immigration of the Norwegian Flora”, which has interested me in the highest …
… Essay on the immigration of the Norwegian flora during alternating rainy and dry periods ( …
… Essay on the immigration of the Norwegian flora during alternating rainy and dry periods. …
… the distribution of the existing fauna and flora of the British Isles, and the geological …

To J. D. Hooker 2 December 1868

Summary

Enthusiastic about JDH’s plan for a British Flora – "a grand idea to make a Flora a guide for knowledge already acquired & to be acquired". Gives examples of subjects.

No work exists on various biological points in plants.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	2 Dec 1868
Classmark:	DAR 94: 102–4
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-6487

Matches: 10 hits

… Enthusiastic about JDH’s plan for a British Flora – "a grand idea …
… to make a Flora a guide for knowledge already acquired & to be acquired". Gives examples …
… George. 1865b. Handbook of the British flora; a description of the flowering plants and …
… scheme, & if you make only a beginning on a Flora, which shall serve as an index to all …
… it you will have started a new era in the Floras of various countries. I can well believe …
… that he was going to write a ‘British Flora’ adapted to students’ purposes and containing …
… George Bentham’s Handbook of the British flora ( Bentham 1865 ), see the letter from J. …
… advanced students, if they found in their Flora a line or two on various curious points, …
… y r idea; it is a grand idea to make a Flora a guide for knowledge already acquired & to …
… ought to be introduced into a Utopian Flora,—on the quickness of the germination of the …

To Oswald Heer 4 August [1872–4]

Summary

Thanks OH for two memoirs on the fossil flora of Bear Island and Spitzbergen [K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 8 (1869) no. 7; 9 (1870) no. 5].

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Oswald Heer
Date:	4 Aug [1872-4]
Classmark:	Zentralbibliothek Zürich (Nachlass Oswald Heer 213.2)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-8454

Matches: 5 hits

… Thanks OH for two memoirs on the fossil flora of Bear Island and Spitzbergen [ K. Svensk. …
… with their admirable engravings on the fossil Flora of Bear Isl d & Spitzbergen. How much …
… Bibliography Heer, Oswald. 1869. Die miocene Flora und Fauna Spitzenbergens. Kongliga …
… annotated copy of Heer 1870 (on the fossil flora of Bear Island) is in the Darwin Pamphlet …
… his copy of Heer 1869 (on the Miocene flora and fauna of Spitzbergen) is in the Darwin …

To J. D. Hooker 26 [December 1859]

Summary

High, detailed praise for introductory essay to Flora Tasmaniae [reprinted as On the flora of Australia (1859)]. CD expects it to convert botanists from doctrine of immutable creation.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	26 [Dec 1859]
Classmark:	DAR 115: 33, 30a
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-2606

Matches: 8 hits

… High, detailed praise for introductory essay to Flora Tasmaniae [reprinted …
… as On the flora of Australia (1859)]. CD expects it to convert botanists from doctrine of …
… did not notice your remarks on Greenland Flora in a former note. — They seem to me to work …
… upon the relations of the Japanese flora to that of North America, and of other parts of …
… as p. xxvi. ie to where you treat of Australian Flora itself; & the latter part I remember …
… Tahiti, it cannot make much difference in flora, whether they have sunk or risen a few …
… How I wish you could work out Pacific Floras; I remember ages ago reading some of your …
… places in world I sh d like to see good Flora of Sandwich Isl d . — I w d . subscribe £ …

To J. D. Hooker 24 December [1866]

Summary

Has finished Variation. May insert a chapter on man.

Still puzzled by seeds of Adenanthera.

New Zealand and Borneo flora problems continued.

Fritz Müller found six genera of dimorphic plants in one day.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	24 Dec [1866]
Classmark:	DAR 115: 309, 309b
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-5321

Matches: 10 hits

… of Adenanthera . New Zealand and Borneo flora problems continued. Fritz Müller found six …
… Press. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1859. On the flora of Australia, its origin, affinities, and …
… being an introductory essay to the flora of Tasmania. London: Lovell Reeve. Marginalia : …
… brought back the Introduction to Australian Flora, after having read it over three times & …
… produce for general readers on Insular Floras. I feel, however, sure that you will grapple …
… unintelligible. One word more about about the flora derived from supposed pleistocene …
… lived in Southampton ( Freeman 1978 ). Hooker’s essay on the Australian flora ( J. D. …
… as an introduction to his taxonomic work Flora Tasmaniæ ( J. D. Hooker 1860b ), but was …
… publish the text of his lecture on insular floras delivered at the British Association for …
… had suggested that an isolated Antarctic flora was dispersed from a common centre over the …

To Williams & Norgate 13 April [1874]

Summary

Asks correspondent to obtain odd numbers of Flora.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Williams & Norgate
Date:	13 Apr [1874]
Classmark:	American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.440)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-9406

Matches: 4 hits

… Asks correspondent to obtain odd numbers of Flora . …
… Bewegungen der Blumen- und Laubblätter. Flora 56: 433–41, 449–55. Movement in plants : The …
… is possible to get odd numbers of the “Flora” (German), I very much want no rs . 28 & 29 …
… Issues 28 and 29 of the German journal Flora (1873) contained a two-part article by the …

To J. D. Hooker 25 December [1844]

Summary

Questions on JDH’s sketch comparing floras of Australia, New Zealand, and western S. America; wishes to know botanical relations between other southern islands. Botanico-geographical discussions and comments on books sent by JDH.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	25 Dec [1844]
Classmark:	DAR 114: 24
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-803

Matches: 12 hits

… Questions on JDH’s sketch comparing floras of Australia, New Zealand, and western S. …
… put me in the way of reading about Alpine Flora, I shall feel as the greatest kindness : I …
… CD refers to Hooker’s notes on southern floras, enclosed in the letter from J. D. Hooker, …
… distant countries, to understand their floras, in relation to each other; & the southern …
… Comparison. To understand the relations of the Floras of these islands, I sh d like to see …
… the lowland Tropics, in understanding the relation of the antarctic with the artic Floras. …
… If the Fuegian Flora was treated in the analogous way, (& this would incidentally show how …
… on a material difference in the degree of similarity in the Floras of the two regions. — …
… trust you will work out the New Zealand Flora, as you have commenced at end of letter: is …
… to S. America, sh d have an intermediate flora; I had fancied that nearly all the species …
… forms? A discussion on the relations of the Floras, especially the alpine ones, of Azores, …
… has not (ie is not related to) a Chilian Flora, but a South Sea one: surely this must be …

To J. D. Hooker [6 November 1847]

Summary

Now plans to come to Kew for an hour’s farewell if his stomach permits.

Congratulations on JDH’s Flora Antarctica [1847].

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	[6 Nov 1847]
Classmark:	DAR 114: 109
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-1133

Matches: 4 hits

… The last number of Hooker’s Flora Antarctica ( J. D. Hooker 1844–7 ) had been published …
… hour’s farewell if his stomach permits. Congratulations on JDH’s Flora Antarctica [1847]. …
… heartily on the completion of your great Flora Antarctica. I will come about 12 oclock on …
… Bibliography Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1844–7. Flora Antarctica. 1 vol. and 1 vol. of plates. …

To Oswald Heer 8 March [1875]

Summary

Thanks OH for his book [see 9876]; agrees that the sudden appearance of many dicotyledons in the Upper Chalk is a perplexing phenomenon for the evolutionist.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Oswald Heer
Date:	8 Mar [1875]
Classmark:	Zentralbibliothek Zürich (Nachlass Oswald Heer 213.2)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-9881

Matches: 8 hits

… of Arts and Science 19 (1883–4): 556–9. Heer, Oswald. 1855–9. Flora tertiaria Helvetiae. …
… Die tertiäre Flora der Schweiz. 3 vols. Winterthur, Switzerland: J. …
… Wurster. Heer, Oswald. 1868–83. Flora fossilis arctica. …
… Die fossile flora der Polarländer. 7 vols. Zurich: J. Wurster & Comp. Insectivorous …
… CD of the third volume of his work on fossil flora ( Heer 1868–83 ) in a parcel he sent to …
… 1875 . In his earlier studies of Tertiary floras ( Heer 1855–9 ), Heer had argued that …
… Asa Gray, 31 May [1863] ). CD had an interest in the flora of Kerguelen Island because of …
… its close relation to the flora of the geographically distant Tierra del Fuego (see, for …

To Asa Gray 8 June [1855]

Summary

Suggests AG append ranges to the species in the new edition of his Manual.

Is interested in comparing the flora of U. S. with that of Britain and wishes to know the proportions to the whole of the great leading families and the numbers of species within genera. Would welcome information on which species AG considers to be "close" in the U. S.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Asa Gray
Date:	8 June [1855]
Classmark:	Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (2)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-1695

Matches: 12 hits

… his Manual . Is interested in comparing the flora of U. S. with that of Britain and wishes …
… up an account of the ‘Statistics of the flora of the northern United States’ ( A. Gray …
… 1985–. Gmelin, Johann Georg. 1747–69. Flora Sibirica sive historia plantarum Sibiriae. 4 …
… Gray, Asa. 1856–7. Statistics of the flora of the northern United States. American Journal …
… 369–403. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1853–5. Flora Novæ-Zelandiæ. 2 vols. Pt 2 of The botany of …
… Perhaps Siberia more concerns the northern Flora of N. America. The ranges of the plants, …
… have ascertained the proportion to the whole Flora of the European plants (leaving out …
… 1092=19.2. In our aboriginal or indigenous flora the proportion is 1/10; & in many other …
… showing that the coincidences in the British Flora were probably accidental! — You will, I …
… interesting, & give a very good idea of your Flora, to divide the species into 3 groups, …
… just mention what I want, it is, to have marked the “ close species ” in a Flora, so as to …
… compare in different Floras whether the same genera have “close species”, & for other …

To H. W. Bates 26 March [1861]

Summary

Comments on the great extent of variations and on the acknowledgment of the new idea of greater female variety.

Expresses belief that the glacial period did affect the tropics, though HWB’s arguments have confounded him.

Poses a series of questions concerning sexual selection.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Henry Walter Bates
Date:	26 Mar [1861]
Classmark:	Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-3100

Matches: 10 hits

… sub-tropical before glacial— All Fauna & Flora much disturbed & a few temperate forms …
… for they must have been separated from each other for long time by Equatorial Flora. …
… During Glacial period, I suppose Equatorial Flora almost wholly annihilated. And the N. & …
… S. Tropical Flora, which would not have suffered quite so much under Equator during …
… commingling would have made a rich Flora. , & [ over ‘—’] which now has become accustomed …
… during’ del ] previously to Glacial period. — 35 o North N. Tropical Flora 25 o N. …
… Equator Equatorial Flora nearly all exterminated during Glacial period. — 20 o …
… S. S. Tropical Flora distinct from North. 35 o S. All this upset by Mr Bates paper. — …
… an [‘N. Tropical’ del ] Equatorial Flora, which could live only in hottest regions; & a …
… N. [ interl ] Tropical & S. Tropical Flora. [ illeg del ] fitted for less intense Heat, & …

To J. D. Hooker 5 [July 1856]

Summary

CD cannot swallow continental extensions. Has written to Lyell giving a lengthy criticism of the concept [see 1910] and has asked Lyell to forward the letter to JDH.

Perhaps Aristolochia and Viscum are protandrous.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	5 [July 1856]
Classmark:	DAR 114: 166
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-1918

Matches: 8 hits

… a general relation to southern circumpolar Flora, as much as to Fuegia. But if many of the …
… Bibliography Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1844–7. Flora Antarctica. 1 vol. and 1 vol. of plates. …
… over your confounded Antarctic isl d . flora. Will you read over the Tristan list, & see …
… distribution that arose from Hooker’s work on the flora of the Antarctic islands ( J. D. …
… to explain the close similarities in their floras without invoking any former land-bridges …
… In Natural selection , pp. 560–1, CD gave a summary of the flora of Tristan d’Acunha. …
… He considered it to be related to the flora of Tierra del Fuego rather than of South …
… s closest neighbour. The character of the flora of Tristan d’Acunha is discussed in J. D. …

CD’s notes arising from conversations with J. D. Hooker 8 December 1844

Summary

[Notes on conversations with J. D. Hooker.] Geographical distribution; diffusion and distribution of species. Island and mountain floras; means of migration (high-roads, icebergs).

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	8 Dec 1844
Classmark:	DAR 100: 35–40
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-798

Matches: 10 hits

… of species. Island and mountain floras; means of migration (high-roads, icebergs). …
… Islands—, certainly American character flora, more than to continent. — A Rhododendron on …
… on 6000 ft mountains in Guyana. — What is Flora of Bourbon? Really all mountains, except …
… my reasoning will apply to sub-alpine Floras. ) One species found on mountains of Chile , …
… islands S of New Zealand, the more American Flora becomes. Kerguelen Land not so distant …
… nutmegs Pandini &c showing more Indian Flora, that it dies away to Eastward & does not get …
… Juan Fernandez. quite S. American Flora—some peculiar genera; many peculiar species of …
… Are not New Zealand leaves related to present Flora of Van Diemen’s Land? — V. my volcanic …
… example of the uniqueness of montane floras. Rubus arcticus (the arctic raspberry), a …
… plant. The sentence ‘(All my reasoning … Floras. )’ was added in the margin. Its intended …

To J. D. Hooker [June 1857]

Summary

Request for Floras of Pacific Islands and Greenland.

Individual variation.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	[June 1857]
Classmark:	DAR 114: 222b
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-2198

Matches: 4 hits

… Request for Floras of Pacific Islands and Greenland. Individual variation. …
… Any account of Flora of Marianne Isl ds in N.W. Pacific. …
… of Bonin Isl ds . Any account of Greenland Flora some Danish Man. — In Cnestis & Connaris, …
… Perry . Hooker, who had worked on the flora of a neighbouring Pacific island in 1857 ( …

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Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 28 hits

… & imported well worth studying probably— Thunberg Flora Japonica [Thunberg 1784] in …
… Ryan on marriage [Ryan 1831] (read) Babbington on Flora of Channel Isl d . [Babington 1839 …
… of the Caledonian Horticultural Society ].— Flora of St Helena 1825 [A. Watson 1825] in …
… Himallaya & high Peru [Meyen 1836].— Phillippi on Flora of Sicily [Philippi 1836].— …
… 1781]. Linn. on insects [Linnaeus 1781b]. Forsskahl on Flora of insects [Forsskahl 1781]. Avelin on …
… trees of America [Downing 1845] 24 th Hopkirks Flora Anomala [Hopkirk 1817] July 8 …
… ]. (since I read up old) (read) all Leidy, a Flora & Fauna within living Animals [Leidy …
… Hornschuck Essay on the Sporting of Plants. in the ‘Flora’ or separate [Hornschuch 1848] quoted in …
… 97 [DAR *128: 169] Wahlenberg Flora Suecica [Wahlenberg 1824–6]— most curious …
… Ramond Acad. of Sci. Jan. 1826 [G. Cuvier 1830]. Flora of Pyrenees [Ramond de Carbonnières 1799–1801 …
… 50 c. [Goethe 1837] [DAR *128: 150] Heers Flora Helvetica Tertiaria, translated …
… [Pitton de Tournefort 1718]. skimmed 27. Gmelin Flora Siberica [Gmelin 1747–69] 1855. …
… Primitiæ floræ sarnicæ; or, an outline of the flora of the Channel Islands of Jersey, …
… Stephan Friedrich Ladislaus. 1836. Bemerkungen über die Flora der Südseeinseln. Annalen der Wien …
… 119: 17b Forsskahl, Jonas Gustav. 1781. The flora of insects. In Linnaeus, ed., Select …
… 119: 17a Gmelin, Johann Georg. 1747–69. Flora Sibirica sive historia plantarum …
… 119: 22b Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1844–7. Flora Antarctica . Pt 1 of The botany of the …
… Library.] 128: 8 Hopkirk, Thomas. 1817. Flora Anomoia. A general view of the …
… Friedrich. 1848. Ueber Ausartung der Pflanzen. Flora 31: 17–28; 33–44; 50–64; 66–8. *128: 177 …
… London. 119: 18b Leidy, Joseph. 1853. A flora and fauna within living animals. …
… 128: 13 Michaux, François André. 1803. Flora Boreali-Americana . 2 vols. Paris. *119: …
… 163 Philippi, Rudolph Armandus. 1836. Ueber die Flora Siciliens, im Vergleiche zu den …
… natural history of the Himalayan mountains, and of the flora of Cashmere . 2 vols. London. …
… and physick. To which is added the calendar of flora . London. [Other eds.] 119: 11a …
… . London. 128: 6 Thunberg, Carl Peter. 1784. Flora Japonica . Lipsiae. *119: 6v. …
… 21b Torrey, John and Gray, Asa. 1838–43. A flora of North America: containing …
… Zurich. *128: 169 ——. 1824–6. Flora Suecica . Upsalla. *128: 169 Walker, …
… *119: 19v.; 119: 16a Watson, Alexander. 1825. Flora Sta Helenica . St Helena. *119: 7v …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 1 hits

… Darwin returns the manuscript of Hooker’s On the Flora of Australia , which he has proofread. …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 6 hits

… it in Plants. I have the greatest curiosity about the alpine Flora of the United States and I have …
… and hearty admiration. [Your paper on the Statistics of the flora of the northern United States] …
… and flatter myself I now appreciate the character of your Flora… One of your conclusions makes me …
… I presume he has been urging you to finish your great Flora, before you do anything else. Now, I …
… GRINDING AWAY: 1888 In which Gray grinds away at his Flora before suffering a stroke and …
… 212 My dear Hooker…I grind away at [my] ‘Flora’ but, like the mills of the gods, I grind slowly, …

2.7 Joseph Moore, Midland Union medal

Summary

< Back to Introduction The Midland Union was an association of natural history societies and field clubs across the Midland counties, intended to facilitate – especially through its journal The Midland Naturalist – ‘the interchange of ideas’ and…

Matches: 1 hits

… and autodidact, with a special interest in mosses; his Flora of Warwickshire (1891) was based on …

Darwin in letters, 1858-1859: Origin

Summary

The years 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on species, he was jolted into action by the arrival of an unexpected letter from Alfred Russel Wallace…

Matches: 2 hits

… Darwin’s forthcoming book and Hooker’s essay on the flora of Australia, which formed the …
… and theories of Mr. Darwin and Mr. Wallace.' The flora of Australia, Hooker stated, …

Marianne North

Summary

Marianne North was born in Hastings where her father became a Liberal MP. Her family supported Marianne’s attempts at singing and painting as suitable activities for a Victorian lady. After her parents died, Marianne sold the family home and began…

Matches: 2 hits

… home and began travelling with the aim of painting the flora of different countries. Between 1871 …
… in 1881, to show the Darwins her paintings of Australian flora. Back in England she approached Kew …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 3 hits

… Volcanic islands and sends queries on Galapagos flora in particular and island floras in general, …
… facts on variation and questions Gray on the alpine flora of the USA. He sends a list of plants from …
… ]. He discusses the distribution and relationships of alpine flora in the USA. Letter …

Essay: What is Darwinism?

Summary

—by Asa Gray WHAT IS DARWINISM? The Nation, May 28, 1874 The question which Dr. Hodge asks he promptly and decisively answers: ‘What is Darwinism? it is atheism.’ Leaving aside all subsidiary and incidental matters, let us consider–1. What the…

Matches: 1 hits

… himself a single problem–namely, How are the fauna and flora of our earth to be accounted for? . . . …

Biogeography

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Observations aboard the Beagle During his five year journey around the world on HMS Beagle, Charles Darwin encountered many different landscapes and an enormous variety of flora and fauna. Some of his most…

Matches: 1 hits

… many different landscapes and an enormous variety of flora and fauna. Some of his most vivid …

ESHS 2018: 19th century scientific correspondence networks

Summary

Sunday 16 September, 16:00-18.00, Institute of Education, Room 802 Session chair: Paul White (Darwin Correspondence Project); Discussion chair: Francis Neary (Darwin Correspondence Project) This session marks the formal launch of Ɛpsilon …

Matches: 2 hits

… from the area. He published several editions of a flora of his county; he also served as a United …
… specimen exchanges. Once Darlington had published his flora, he had a book to send his …

Alfred Russel Wallace

Summary

Wallace was a leading Victorian naturalist, with wide-ranging interests from biogeography and evolutionary theory to spiritualism and politics. He was born in 1823 in Usk, a small town in south-east Wales, and attended a grammar school in Hertford. At the…

Matches: 1 hits

… naturalists of his day, with unsurpassed knowledge on tropic flora, fauna, and native peoples. This …

Origin: the lost changes for the second German edition

Summary

Darwin sent a list of changes made uniquely to the second German edition of Origin to its translator, Heinrich Georg Bronn. That lost list is recreated here.

Matches: 2 hits

… before the Glacial period of a pleistocene equatorial flora and fauna, fitted for a hotter climate …
… and reduced in number, will then have formed the equatorial flora. There will also probably have …

Dining at Down House

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life While Darwin is best remembered for his scientific accomplishments, he greatly valued and was strongly influenced by his domestic life. Darwin's…

Matches: 1 hits

… excitement of South American cities, cultures, geography, flora and fauna) Darwin complains to his …

The Letters

Summary

Darwin’s correspondence provides us with an invaluable source of information, not only about his own intellectual development and social network, but about Victorian science and society in general. Letters form the largest single category of Darwin’s…

Matches: 1 hits

… who provided him with observations on the fauna, flora, and peoples of the world. The correspondence …

New material added to the American edition of Origin

Summary

A ‘revised and augmented’ American edition of Origin came on the market in July 1860, and was the only authorised edition available in the US until 1873. It incorporated many of the changes Darwin made to the second English edition, but still contained…

Matches: 2 hits

… 1859, Dr. Hooker published his Introduction to the Tasmanian Flora: in the first part of this …
… of the same or some other quarter, the eocene fauna or flora would certainly be beaten and …

1.11 Laura Russell, oil

Summary

< Back to Introduction This little oil portrait of Darwin was painted by Laura Russell, daughter of Jules, vicomte de Peyronnet. She was married to Arthur Russell, MP for Tavistock; he was one of the sons of Lord William Russell, and his elder…

Matches: 1 hits

… 1869, when Laura was eight months pregnant with her daughter Flora. They visited Down House several …

Search tips

Summary

In this section: The three basic searches Using filters to refine search Using facets to refine search results What is (and isn’t) in here? How do I… …Find all letters exchanged with a particular correspondent? …Find letters written by…

Matches: 1 hits

… care. We have manually coded some group identifiers (“flora” eg), index terms such as people, …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

Matches: 1 hits

… work. When Darwin had read the introduction to Hooker’s Flora of New Zealand in October 1853, he …

Origin

Summary

Darwin’s most famous work, Origin, had an inauspicious beginning. It grew out of his wish to establish priority for the species theory he had spent over twenty years researching. Darwin never intended to write Origin, and had resisted suggestions in 1856…

Matches: 1 hits

… to Hooker. Indeed, when Hooker was writing his essay on the flora of Australia in December 1858, he …

Page: 1 2 Next

Hooker, J. D.	(227)
Lyell, Charles	(34)
Gray, Asa	(28)
Henslow, J. S.	(9)
Oliver, Daniel	(9)

Darwin, C. R.	(423)
Hooker, J. D.	(227)
Lyell, Charles	(34)
Gray, Asa	(28)
Henslow, J. S.	(9)

1831	(1)
1836	(2)
1839	(1)
1840	(1)
1843	(5)
1844	(10)
1845	(19)
1846	(13)
1847	(10)
1848	(1)
1849	(3)
1850	(2)
1851	(2)
1852	(1)
1853	(4)
1854	(4)
1855	(26)
1856	(27)
1857	(29)
1858	(25)
1859	(28)
1860	(31)
1861	(18)
1862	(17)
1863	(18)
1864	(7)
1865	(8)
1866	(20)
1867	(13)
1868	(9)
1869	(6)
1870	(5)
1872	(3)
1873	(5)
1874	(7)
1875	(3)
1876	(4)
1877	(4)
1878	(5)
1879	(7)
1880	(6)
1881	(13)

	Historical documents	(4)
	drama	(1)
	Big Book	(1)
	CCD intro	(6)
	instinct	(1)
	natural selection	(1)
	Natural selections: a longer read	(1)
	Origin	(3)
	Correspondents	(2)
	Publishers artists and illustrators	(1)
	Darwin's controversies	(2)
	Key correspondents	(1)
	Survival of the fittest	(2)
	Home and family	(1)
	Pangenesis	(1)
	questionnaire	(1)
	Sexual selection	(1)
	Variation	(2)
	Featured	(2)
	Geology	(2)
	health	(1)
	botany	(1)
	Orchids	(1)
	distribution	(1)
	Germany	(1)
	glacier	(1)
	illness	(1)

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