From Francis Darwin 23 [May 1881]
Summary
Would like some of his notes. Has been looking at roots of Linum, cucurbits, larch, and orchids. Is content that mother should teach Bernard whatever religion she likes.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 23 [May 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 66 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13170F |
Matches: 3 hits
- … of his experiments ( ibid. , p. 21). The Darwin and Wedgwood families were Unitarians; …
- … Darwin ’s views on religion, see Keynes 2001 , pp. 49–54. CD discussed the peg or heel that develops from a germinating seed in plants of the Cucurbitaceae (gourd) family …
- … Darwin , Francis’s son. The notes have not been identified. Linum is the genus of flax; Cucurbita is the genus of gourds. The genus of larch is Larix ; the family …
From Francis Darwin [4–7 August 1878]
Summary
Experiments on effects of removing "bloom" from leaves and fruit.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [4–7 Aug 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 57 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11632 |
Matches: 2 hits
- … Caroline Sarah Wedgwood , and her family; the Darwins visited there from 7 to 12 August …
- … family Lardizabalaceae, formerly a division of the Menispermaceae. Julius Sachs , having observed corkscrew-like contraction of shoots of Menispermum (the genus of moonseed), had suggested that it would be easy to show the similarity of twining and tendril-bearing climbers ( letter from Francis Darwin, [ …
From Francis Darwin [after 14 November 1881]
Summary
Thanks for two letters from Pfeffer. Will return translation of Pfeffer and send a letter from Elfring. Looking forward to working on "antiWiesner" experiments. Will return on 26th or 27th.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [after 14 Nov 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 68 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13485F |
From Francis Darwin 1 and 2 May [1875]
Summary
Proofs arrived and Francis is correcting them. Tells Emma Darwin that Amy is delighted about the azaleas. The Ruck family very much like Isabella Bird’s Six months in the Sandwich Islands.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 1 and 2 May 1875 |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 31 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-9961F |
From Francis Darwin 19 [May 1881]
Summary
Is sorry to have involved himself in a priority dispute between Wortmann and Elfving. Intends to publish on circumnutation; will CD send him his notes? Apologises for taking CD’s protractor, will send it back. Has met Oscar Schmidt.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 19 [May 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 72 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13166F |
Matches: 2 hits
- … Francis and Elizabeth Darwin has been found. ‘Axles’: a family word for unresolved work- …
- … family ( NDB ). Friedrich Leopold Goltz , a professor of physiology at Straßburg, attended the seventh International Medical Congress, held in London from 2 to 9 August 1881. Goltz’s paper ‘Discussion on the localisation of function in the cortex cerebri’ ( Goltz 1881 ) was published in the transactions of the congress. Henry Nottidge Moseley was a professor of anatomy at Oxford ( ODNB ). Francis had mentioned meeting Oskar Schmidt in his letter of 14 May 1881 . Kneipe : pub, bar (German). Bernard Darwin …
From Francis Darwin [before 26 June 1879]
Summary
Discusses results of geotropism experiment. Has started some heliotropic caustic experiments on mustard roots. Has trouble making marks.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [before 26 June 1879] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 55 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12126F |
Matches: 2 hits
- … family, Asteraceae) and Hieracium (the genus of hawkweed) was made on a now missing postcard (see letter to Francis Darwin, [ …
- … Darwin, [before 5 June 1879] ). Francis was working in the laboratory of Julius Sachs in Würzburg; Sachs had also investigated influences on root movement ( Sachs 1872a and 1873–4 ). Phaseolus (wild bean) and Vicia (vetch) are genera in the family …
From Francis Darwin [4 May 1875]
Summary
Will send corrected proofs [of Insectivorous plants].
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [4 May 1875] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 34 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-9961G |
From Francis Darwin [29 June] 1878
Summary
Sleep of Porlieria hygrometrica seems independent of light.
Will have lots of time for oats. W. F. P. Pfeffer’s point is that there is no growth in sleepers with joints. A. F. Batalin says there is a slight growth.
[Dated Saturday 28th by FD.]
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [29 June] 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 209.14: 181 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11575 |
From Francis Darwin [21 July 1878]
Summary
Has been investigating nutational movements of climbing plants; comments on the opinions of Julius von Wiesner and Julius Sachs. Remarks on the sleep movements of certain plants and the mechanism of tendril curvature. Is experimenting with Porlieria.
Has visited K. G. Semper’s laboratory.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [21 July 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 59, DAR 209.8: 151 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11623 |
From Francis Darwin 4 July 1879
Summary
Heliotropism nomenclature. Apheliotropic mustard roots grow more quickly in dark. Measures growth with microscope as S. H. Vines did in mould. Studying air roots.
FD’s and Stahl’s negative opinion of Sachs.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 4 July 1879 |
| Classmark: | DAR 209.3: 334 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12134 |
Matches: 3 hits
- … family Araceae (arums). In his recent experiments with Sinapis alba (white mustard), Francis noted that the roots were strongly apheliotropic and that they grew much quicker in darkness ( letter from Francis Darwin, [ …
- … Darwin, [before 26 June 1879] and n. 7. CD was also studying aerial roots and had received a plant of Chlorophytum orchidastrum (fireflash or orange spider plant; family …
- … family Geraniaceae). See n. 4, above. Pathologische Erscheinung : pathological phenomenon (German). Alexander Wolkoff ’s unpublished research on the action of light on negatively heliotropic organs had been described by Julius Sachs in his Text-book of botany ( Sachs 1875 , pp. 756–7). In the event, Francis did publish his paper ‘Über das Wachstum negativ heliotropischer Wurzeln im Licht und im Finstern’ (On the growth of negatively heliotropic roots in light and in shade; F. Darwin …
From Francis Darwin [23 November 1878]
Summary
Many thnks for the pelargonium letter.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [23 Nov 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 43 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11755F |
From Francis Darwin [before 8 December 1875]
Summary
Sends Linnean papers.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [before 8 Dec 1875] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 29 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10287F |
From Francis Darwin 24 and 25 July 1878
Summary
Notes Julius Sachs’s opinion on the heliotropism of moulds: he can see no use in the response.
C. E. Stahl is working on swarm spores which can be made both helio- and apheliotropic.
Sachs has told him that some ferns sleep, and he suspects that some grasses may move.
Sachs also feels they may be working at bloom from a wrong point of view and suggests leaves may need to keep dry in order to keep their stomata open.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 24 and 25 July 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 60, DAR 209.6: 198 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11628 |
From Francis Darwin [before 17 July 1878]
Summary
More sleepers from green-house.
Julius Sachs’s view of climbing plants: he distinguishes between nutation to find a support and growth after support is found.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [before 17 July 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 209.1: 155; DAR 274.1: 50, 52 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11613 |
Matches: 2 hits
- … family Leguminosae (a synonym of Fabaceae, peas and beans). Julius Sachs had asked Francis to determine whether tendril-bearers and twiners behaved in the same way ( letter from Francis Darwin, [ …
- … Darwin, [12 July 1878] ). Oxalis latifolia (broadleaf wood sorrel), O. acetosella (a synonym of O. montana , mountain wood sorrel; Acetisella is a misspelling), and O. variabilis (a synonym of O. purpurea , purple wood sorrel) are in the family …
From Francis Darwin [before 3 August 1878]
Summary
Sachs jumps to the conclusion twiners and tendrils are similar from the Menispermum that twined without a stick. Akebia grows down a stick; not only the free end is involved.
Sleeping plants.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [before 3 Aug 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 209.8: 152 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11638 |
Matches: 2 hits
- … in the Darwin Pamphlet Collection–CUL. Anoda is a genus of plants in the family Malvaceae; …
- … Darwin, 24 and 25 July 1878 . Sachs’s Lehrbuch der Botanik ( Sachs 1868a ) had been translated into English in 1875 ( Sachs 1875 ). Sachs described negative heliotropism in root-hairs (rhizoids) of Marchantia , a genus of liverworts, and in rootlets of Brassica napus (rape) and Sinapis alba (white mustard; Sachs 1875 , p. 677). Menispermum is the genus of moonseed; Akebia is the genus of chocolate vines. Anagallis pratensis is an unknown combination; Francis probably intended Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel). Both Anagallis and Lysimachia (loosestrife) are genera in the family …
From Francis Darwin 29 May 1879
Summary
Fungus is an Aecidium. Porliera, Anthuriums and Aroids will hopefully sprout if weather gets hot. Sachs has changed his ideas about the cause of heliotropism. Describes men he is sharing a lab with.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 29 May 1879 |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 54 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12067F |
From Francis Darwin 16 July 1881
Summary
Reports de Bary’s opinion of Max Cornu. Accounts of various botanical experiments and observations.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 16 July 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 71 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13245F |
From Francis Darwin 17 June 1881
Summary
Glad CD approves of diaheliotropic paper. Reports on experiments with Carex and Yucca. Discusses translation of ‘Växtbook’ from Swedish. Heard some excellent music the previous night.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 17 June 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 73 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13208F |
Matches: 1 hit
From Francis Darwin [c. 25 February 1879]
Summary
Directs CD where to find tools in his room. Has been looking at agave and aloe flowers. Thanks family for their letters.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [c. 25 Feb 1879] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 60 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11883F |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin in Algiers; see letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 3 February 1879 and n. 4. ‘Rosettes’ are circular arrangements of leaves in which either the upper foliage dies back with the remaining vegetation protecting the plant, or internodes along a stem are shortened, bringing the leaves closer together; this leaf structure is common in the Compositae (daisy family). …
From Francis Darwin 14 August [1873]
Summary
Has found Lathyrus maritima on the cliffs near Barmouth.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 14 Aug [1873] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 26 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-9009F |
Matches: 1 hit
- … family should be without his worm-garden— we have grt fun with ours— we take notes and take tracings of their burrows I think they will lay their eggs as I have two worms and they are in full breeding condition— We find they make a very curly burrow with a blind end and then somehow turn round with their heads towards the entrance I think we shall make them out— They have made no castings in the surface of the earth but very small ones in the burrow itself My love to mother & thank her for her letter— We send you a Maritima | Yrs affec F Darwin …
| letter | (20) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (20) |
| Darwin, Francis | (20) |
Family Visits
Summary
The Darwin Correspondence Project is pleased to announce their 'Family Fun' Workshops for the summer holidays, with fun hands-on and interactive sessions available throughout August. The workshops will be suitable for all primary aged…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The Darwin Correspondence Project is pleased to announce their 'Family Fun' Workshops for the …
The Darwin family
Summary
To celebrate the 163rd birthday of Origin of species, we are launching three new interactives online from our Darwin in Conversation exhibition. They illustrate how Darwin’s children contributed to his science as infants and adults, how he did two of his…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Discover how Darwin’s children contributed to his science. Touch the items on the desk to see how …
Home learning: 7-11 years
Summary
Do try this at home! Support your children’s learning by downloading our free and fun activities for those aged between 7-11 and 11-14 years, using Darwin’s letters.
Matches: 1 hits
- … Do try this at home! Support your children’s learning by downloading our free and fun …
Family life
Summary
From the long letters exchanged with his sisters during the Beagle voyage, through correspondence about his marriage to his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, the births—and deaths—of their children, to the contributions of his sons and daughters to his scientific…
Matches: 1 hits
- … From the long letters exchanged with his sisters during the Beagle voyage, through …
Henrietta Emma Darwin
Summary
Henrietta “Etty” Darwin (1843–1927) was the eldest of Charles Darwin’s daughters to reach adulthood. She married Richard Buckley Litchfield in 1871. She was a valued editor to her father as well as companion and correspondent to both of her parents.…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Henrietta “Etty” Darwin (1843–1927) was the eldest of Charles Darwin’s daughters to reach …
Emma Darwin
Summary
Emma Darwin, Charles Darwin's wife and first cousin, was born Emma Wedgwood, the eighth and youngest child of Josiah Wedgwood II and Bessy Allen. Her father was the eldest son of the famous pottery manufacturer, Josiah Wedgwood I. Her mother was one…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Emma Darwin, Charles Darwin's wife and first cousin, was born Emma Wedgwood, the eighth and …
Francis Darwin
Summary
Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished scientist. He was an undergraduate at Trinity College, Cambridge, initially studying mathematics, but then transferring to natural sciences. Francis completed…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished …
Power of movement in plants
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Family experiments Darwin was an active and engaged father during his children's youth, involving them in his experiments and even occasionally using them as observational subjects. When his children…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Sources | Discussion Questions | Experiment Family experiments Darwin …
Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'
Summary
The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of …
Darwin and Fatherhood
Summary
Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten …
Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions
Summary
Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...
Matches: 1 hits
- … Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, …
Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 1 hits
- … There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website. The full texts of …
Life of Erasmus Darwin
Summary
The Life of Erasmus Darwin (1879) was a curious departure for Darwin. It was intended as a biographical note to accompany an essay on Erasmus's scientific work by the German writer Ernst Krause. But Darwin became immersed in his grandfather's…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The Life of Erasmus Darwin (1879) was a curious departure for Darwin. It was intended as a …
Darwin’s scientific women
Summary
Darwin exchanged letters with women who were botanists, travellers, observers, writers, and naturalists. Find out about their lives and how they contributed to his research.
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin’s letters shed light on the lives of some otherwise little-known women and reveal how much …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 1 hits
- … Re: Design – performance version – 25 March 2007 – 1 Re: Design – Adaptation of the …
Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?
Summary
Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of …
William Darwin Fox
Summary
Charles Darwin’s cousin, William Darwin Fox, was admitted to Christ’s College, Cambridge, in 1824, three years before Darwin; the two men became close friends. They corresponded throughout their lives, exchanging accounts of their growing families…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s cousin, William Darwin Fox, was admitted to Christ’s College, Cambridge, in 1824, …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants …
People
Summary
This section is about Charles Darwin and his correspondents. It is divided into the following areas: Key correspondents The Beagle voyage networks Family and friends Darwin's scientific networks Readers and critics Publishers, artists…
Matches: 1 hits
- … This section is about Charles Darwin and his correspondents. It is divided into the following …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … ‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury …
