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From J. D. Hooker   [before 7 March 1855]

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Summary

CD’s tabulation of colonists curious but explicable.

Working on Tasmanian flora; contemplating general essay on Australian distribution: Tasmania and Australia same alpine species; Swan River flora very peculiar and quite distinct from New South Wales.

Trying to establish new journal at Linnean.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [before 7 Mar 1855]
Classmark:  DAR 104: 216–17
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1638

To J. D. Hooker   7 March [1855]

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Summary

Latitude overrules everything in distribution. Alpine distributions are like insular. Tabulating proportions.

T. V. Wollaston’s Madeira insects: many flightless, thus not blown to sea. TVW’s insects do not confirm Forbes’s Atlantis.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  7 Mar [1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 126
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1643

From J. D. Hooker   [before 17 March 1855]

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JDH criticises C. J. F. Bunbury’s paper on Madeira [J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.) 1 (1857): 1–35].

Absence of Ophrys on Madeira suggests to JDH a sequence in creation of groups.

Why are flightless insects common in desert?

Australian endemism.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [before 17 Mar 1855]
Classmark:  DAR 104: 210–13
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1644

To J. D. Hooker   7 April [1855]

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Summary

CD has begun seed-salting experiments. Wants JDH to write which seeds he expects to be easily killed [in salt water].

CD’s idea that coal-plants lived in salt water like mangroves made JDH savage.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  7 Apr [1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 127
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1661

To J. D. Hooker   13 April [1855]

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Summary

Pea self-fertilisation: has forty-five varieties growing side by side.

Describes seed-salting experiments: e.g., immersion in tank filled with snow. Reports some successful germinations.

Made list of naturalised plants from Asa Gray’s Manual [of Botany] to calculate the proportions of the great families.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  13 Apr [1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 128
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1667

To J. D. Hooker   19 April [1855]

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Rejects JDH’s suggestion that seed-salting experiments be conducted on huge scale. Only wishes to demonstrate possibility of sea transport, not establishment of any particular insular flora. More seed results.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  19 Apr [1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 129
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1669

To J. D. Hooker   24 April [1855]

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More on seed-salting. JDH’s admission that he expected seeds to die in a week gives CD "a nice little triumph".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  24 Apr [1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 130
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1671

To J. D. Hooker   11 May [1855]

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Summary

JDH to be appointed Assistant Director at Kew.

On where to publish seed-salting paper. Floating problem perhaps more important than germination.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  11 May [1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 131
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1680

To J. D. Hooker   15 [May 1855]

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Summary

CD upset because salted seeds do not float.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  15 [May 1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 147
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1681

To J. D. Hooker   27 May [1855]

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CD’s seed paper in Gardeners’ Chronicle [Collected papers 1: 255–8];

CD attacks Forbes’s "Atlantis".

Considers solutions to floating problem. Decides to test Azores seeds.

Photographs and drawings of CD.

Plant movement experiments with Hedysarum gyrans.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  27 May [1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 132
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1688

To J. D. Hooker   2 June [1855]

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Asks JDH not to send H. C. Watson’s paper on Azores plants [Hooker’s Lond. J. Bot. 2 (1843): 1–9, 125–31, 394–408; 3 (1844): 582–617; 6 (1847): 380–97].

CD cannot endure trying all the Azorean seeds.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  2 June [1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 134
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1692

To J. D. Hooker   5 June [1855]

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Summary

Seeds: worried they will turn into another barnacle job.

Studies plants colonising abandoned field.

Experiment on plant sleep movements.

CD objects to "Atlantis" because no evidence; does not affect species theory.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  5 June [1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 135
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1693

From J. D. Hooker   [6–9 June 1855]

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Finds Forbes’s continental theories, migration, and double creation are all unsatisfactory explanations of geographical distribution of plants.

Is currently working on problems of sea transport of plant species.

European plants on Australian Alps only explicable by double creations.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [6–9 June 1855]
Classmark:  DAR 100: 90–3
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1694

To J. D. Hooker   10 June [1855]

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Detailed response to JDH’s critique of sea transport and continental connection theories. JDH’s claim that low plants are widely distributed fits both theories.

Species theory does not touch origin of life.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  10 June [1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 136
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1696

To J. D. Hooker   15 [June 1855]

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Thanks for Hedysarum.

Pleasure in identifying field plants.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  15 [June 1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 137
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1700

To J. D. Hooker   23 [June 1855]

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Has used borrowing rights at Linnean Society Library arranged for him by JDH.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  23 [June 1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 138
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1702

To J. D. Hooker   5 July [1855]

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Has named 35 species of grasses.

Seed-salting continues.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  5 July [1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 140
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1711

From J. D. Hooker   [8 July 1855]

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Australian Leguminosae problem: of 900 species not ten are common to southwest and southeast. No migration; hence either creation or variation.

Himalayan thistles: graded intermediates between large and small English species, "shakes species to their foundations". Similarity of CD’s and his views on species.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [8 July 1855]
Classmark:  DAR 104: 192–3
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1714

To J. D. Hooker   14 [July 1855]

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CD experiments: sowing seeds in fields; "breaking" seeds’ constitution with coloured light; plant hybridisation. Compiling works on hybridism.

Respect for W. B. Carpenter.

Note on "nectar secreting" to Gardeners’ Chronicle [Collected papers 1: 258–9].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  14 [July 1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 141
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1717

To J. D. Hooker   18 [July 1855]

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Has read a paper, presumably by JDH, using the Madeiran flora to argue against Forbes’s doctrine.

JDH asked how far CD will go in attributing common descent; he intends to show "the facts & arguments for & against the common descent of species of same genus; & then show how far the same arguments tell for or against forms, more & more widely different".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  18 [July 1855]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 142
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1719
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