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CD’s notes arising from conversations with J. D. Hooker   8 December 1844

Summary

[Notes on conversations with J. D. Hooker.] Geographical distribution; diffusion and distribution of species. Island and mountain floras; means of migration (high-roads, icebergs).

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 Dec 1844
Classmark:  DAR 100: 35–40
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-798

From George Robert Waterhouse    [April 1844]

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Summary

Regularly attends Owen’s lectures. Owen at pains to show groups are not linked. Thus makes Lepidosiren appear fish-like.

GRW thinks embryology will become chief guide to insect classification. But contradictions between classification based on embryological and adult characters do occur.

Author:  George Robert Waterhouse
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [Apr 1844]
Classmark:  DAR 48: 79
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2026

From Erasmus Alvey Darwin   [May 1844 – 1 October 1846]

Summary

Sends calculations of angles of elevation [of sea-bottom, for South America?].

Swale has sent Lady Willoughby’s diary, which EAD will forward to CD.

Author:  Erasmus Alvey Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [May 1844 – 1 Oct 1846]
Classmark:  DAR 39: 28–30
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-727

From J. D. Hooker   29 January 1844

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Summary

Remarks on geographical divisions of the flora of the Southern Hemisphere.

JDH beginning Galapagos plants. Value of studying insular floras with respect to inquiries about adaptation of species.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  29 Jan 1844
Classmark:  DAR 100: 5–7
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-734

From J. D. Hooker   [23 February – 6 March 1844]

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Summary

Island floras; relationships with mainland. Ranges of species in mundane genera.

Galapagos plants one-third done.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [23 Feb – 6 Mar 1844]
Classmark:  DAR 100: 10–11
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-737

From J. D. Hooker   9 March 1844

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Summary

Thanks for information on Malden Island. Comments on its plants and their relationship to the Galapagos flora. Discusses the flora of Oceania. Gives his opinion on the extent of the uniformity in species and forms amongst South Sea Islands. Large genera are more widely diffused and have a larger proportion of species with wide ranges.

Seeks advice on expense of preparing plates [for Flora Antarctica].

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  9 Mar 1844
Classmark:  DAR 100: 8–9
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-739

From J. D. Hooker   5 April 1844

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Summary

Answer to CD’s query on genera and species ranges.

Comments on typical forms.

Preparing first part of Galapagos plants for printing.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  5 Apr 1844
Classmark:  DAR 100: 12–13
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-745

From George Robert Waterhouse   26 April 1844

Summary

Defines the term "typical species" and discusses its use among zoologists. Cites example of type of Carnivora. Comments on general law of development of parts in animals. Cites teeth of Carnivora.

Author:  George Robert Waterhouse
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  26 Apr 1844
Classmark:  DAR 181: 14
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-748

From G. R. Waterhouse   [after 26 April 1844]

Summary

Is puzzled by CD’s question about the Viverridae; thinks if there were only one species he might regard it as an aberrant of some other group and not select it as a type of the Carnivora.

Author:  George Robert Waterhouse
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 26 Apr 1844]
Classmark:  DAR 181: 15
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-749

From Philip de Malpas Grey-Egerton   5 May [1844]

Summary

Sends Lord Enniskillen’s account of origin of the Irish yew: transplanted from the wild; propagated by cuttings thereafter. Offspring recently raised from seed are intermediate between common and Irish [weeping] yew.

Author:  Philip de Malpas Grey- Egerton, 10th baronet Egerton
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  5 May [1844]
Classmark:  DAR 163: 6
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-750

From C. G. Ehrenberg    15 June 1844

Summary

Thanks for earth samples. Discusses Infusoria in samples from Galapagos and Cape Verde Islands. Would like samples from other sites. Will send further results of investigations.

Author:  Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  15 June 1844
Classmark:  DAR 163: 10
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-758

From C. G. Ehrenberg   11 July 1844

Summary

Thanks for shipments of earth samples. Sends copy of article describing Infusoria in samples ["Einige vorläufige Resultate … über das Verhalten des kleinsten Lebens in den Oceanen", Ber. k. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (1844): 182–207]. Asks for more information and samples, especially from the soundings of Ross’s expedition.

Author:  Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  11 July 1844
Classmark:  DAR 163: 11
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-762

From J. D. Hooker   [c. 3 September 1844]

Summary

Suggests there is a direct relation between temperature and abundance of plant species.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [c. 3 Sept 1844]
Classmark:  DAR 104: 221
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-774

From J. D. Hooker   28 October 1844

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Summary

Discusses the connection between climate and vegetation. Believes that an equable climate is unfavourable to increase of species either by importation or modification of existing forms; illustrates his view with reference to particular floras. Hopes to acquire facts to support CD’s idea that isolation is important in producing new forms. Considers the floras of islands some of which do have distinctive species but others of which do not. Agrees that the wide ranges of cryptogams are a consequence of their means of dispersal. Asks for references to works on original creation and species mutability in order to get the best notions of "the (mad) theories of some men from Lamarck’s twaddle upwards".

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  28 Oct 1844
Classmark:  DAR 100: 16–23
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-784

From Henry Denny   30 October 1844

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Summary

Has never heard of species of same genus [of parasites] being found on both birds and mammals, or different genera and species being found on animals in the domestic and wild states. Implications of this for relationship of aperea and guinea-pig.

Author:  Henry Denny
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  30 Oct 1844
Classmark:  DAR 205.3: 273
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-785

From J. D. Hooker   8 November 1844

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Summary

Sends notes on Infusoria for Ehrenberg.

Comments on distribution of species in natural orders that have local distributions. Intermediate forms between species of Lycopodium.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 Nov 1844
Classmark:  DAR 100: 24–5
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-788

From J. D. Hooker   14 November 1844

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Summary

Differences in variability of species within a single genus. Further observations on Lycopodium.

Interested in Humboldt’s river with different floras on opposite banks, and other unexplained cases of very local distributions.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  14 Nov 1844
Classmark:  DAR 100: 26–7
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-791

From J. D. Hooker   29 November 1844

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Summary

Would like to visit on the weekend of 7–8 December.

Differences in floras of St Helena and Ascension.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  29 Nov 1844
Classmark:  DAR 100: 28
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-795

From J. D. Hooker   12 December 1844

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Summary

Thanks for pleasant stay at Down.

Remarks on boulders found on southern islands.

Describes the alpine character of the Andes flora and relays information on other mountain floras.

Quotes instances of seeds that retained their vitality after being carried by ocean currents.

Sends notes on the comparative floras of New Zealand, Australia, and west coast of South America.

Encloses a copy of part of a letter from George Gardner in Ceylon concerning the European character of the mountain flora.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 Dec 1844
Classmark:  DAR 100: 29–31
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-799

From W. B. Carpenter   21 December 1844

Summary

Discusses microscopic examination of rock specimens taken from Pampas deposit and from Chilean tuff. Says he finds organic remains only in the tuff.

Author:  William Benjamin Carpenter
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 Dec 1844
Classmark:  DAR 39: 33–5
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-802
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