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From Lawrence Ruck   12 January [1881]

Summary

Discusses the grazing habits of sheep and cattle on steep hillsides.

Author:  Lawrence Ruck
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 Jan [1881]
Classmark:  DAR 176: 224
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12417

From J. D. Hooker   24 February [1881]

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Summary

The debt of plant geography to voyages may be JDH’s topic at BAAS meeting [at Swansea].

Photographs from New Zealand forwarded.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  24 Feb [1881]
Classmark:  DAR 104: 138–9
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12498

From W. R. Browne   [20–2] November [1881]

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Summary

Announces intention to hold a private conference with the Archbishop of Canterbury with the aim of encouraging men of science to reaffirm their religious beliefs and also to publish a series of articles in the Contemporary Review on the state of the various sciences.

Author:  Walter Raleigh Browne
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [20–2] Nov [1881]
Classmark:  DAR 160: 334
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12789

To Julius Lippert   [May 1881 or later]

Summary

Thanks JL for copy of Die Religionen [1881].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Julius Lippert
Date:  [May 1881 or later]
Classmark:  Wellcome Collection ((MS.7781/1–32 item 23)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12959

To G. H. Darwin   [before 25 October 1881]

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Summary

Will GHD ask Lord R[ayleigh] whether "gas-men in testing light, exclude the diffused light".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Howard Darwin
Date:  [before 25 Oct 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 210.1: 115
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12961

From Wilhelm Breitenbach   [before 20 June 1881]

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Summary

Arrived in Brazil three months ago. Studying insects and plants, but work suffers from lack of scientific literature.

Fritz Müller has written to him to observe relations between ants and plants.

Writing popular articles about evolution for German newspaper in Brazil.

Sends paper from Kosmos.

Expects to spend several years in Brazil.

Author:  Wilhelm Breitenbach
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [before 20 June 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 202: 16
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12962

To V. O. Kovalevsky   1 and 6 January 1881

Summary

Thanks VOK for the Russian tea.

Rejoices at his prosperity and appointment at Moscow [Associate Professor, Moscow University, 1880–3].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Vladimir Onufrievich Kovalevsky (Владимир Онуфриевич Ковалевский)
Date:  1 and 6 Jan 1881
Classmark:  Institut Mittag-Leffler (Sophie Kowalevski collections, box 3)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12963

From A. R. Wallace   1 January 1881

Summary

ARW’s view of migration of plants from mountain to mountain gains support from case described in Nature [23 (1880): 125–6] by J. G. Baker. Identical species of alpine plants found in African mountains and Madagascar.

Author:  Alfred Russel Wallace
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Jan 1881
Classmark:  DAR 271.6: a6
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12964

To Alexander Agassiz   1 [June] 1881

Summary

Thanks AA for letter on coral reefs. "I used to think … that areas of elevation and of subsidence must – as a general rule be separated by a single great line of fissure, or rather of several".

Suggests that AA urge again his views on reappearance of old characters.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Alexander Agassiz
Date:  1 [June] 1881
Classmark:  DAR 143: 10
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12965

To James Torbitt   [5] January 1881

Summary

T. H. Farrer and James Caird express great interest in JT’s report. Have instructed CD to hold £90 for use by JT in spring. Caird asks that potatoes be sent to his gardener for trials.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  James Torbitt
Date:  [5] Jan 1881
Classmark:  DAR 148: 127
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12966

To A. R. Wallace   2 January 1881

Summary

On land migration of plants. The case in Nature is striking but CD doubts that seeds of plants could be blown from mountains of Abyssinia to mountains of Madagascar.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Alfred Russel Wallace
Date:  2 Jan 1881
Classmark:  The British Library (Add MS 46434)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12968

From Ernst Krause   2 January 1881

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Summary

Encloses reply to Butler [Kosmos 8 (1881): 321–2]. Has also written a reply intended for English reader. Will have it translated for Popular Science Review if CD thinks suitable.

Report of Jäger accident was an error.

Kosmos has been purchased by Eduard Koch in Stuttgart and will continue as in the past.

Author:  Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) Krause
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  2 Jan 1881
Classmark:  DAR 92: B61; DAR 221.2: 27
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12969

To H. W. Bates   3 January 1881

Summary

Alarm over Wallace’s memorial; asks HWB if he has received it and forwarded it to Hooker. Wanted to get it to Gladstone before Parliament met.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Henry Walter Bates
Date:  3 Jan 1881
Classmark:  Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12970

From T. H. Huxley   3 January 1881

Summary

Returns [Wallace] memorial.

Hopes to be able to send classification paper soon. [See 12935.]

Author:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  3 Jan 1881
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 9: 202)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12971

To W. E. Darwin   3 January [1881]

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Summary

Thanks WED for some earthworm observations.

Discusses investments.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  3 Jan [1881]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 170
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12973

From James Caird   3 January 1881

Summary

JC and Farrer are impressed with Torbitt’s papers. Will continue financial support.

Author:  James Caird
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  3 Jan 1881
Classmark:  DAR 161: 6
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12974

To W. E. Gladstone   [4 January 1881]

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Summary

Covering letter to enclose a memorial [petitioning for a civil list pension for Wallace].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Ewart Gladstone
Date:  [4 Jan 1881]
Classmark:  DAR 202: 58
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12975

To Ernst Krause   4 January [1881]

Summary

CD is pleased with EK’s account in Kosmos [8 (1880–1): 321–2] of the Buffon and Coleridge passage [cited by Samuel Butler, see 12939, 12969]. Would like a translation published in England, but Butler seeks notoriety and would make unscrupulous use of it. Will ask advice. Thinks EK’s letter to Popular Science Monthly, just received, an excellent reply to Butler.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) Krause
Date:  4 Jan [1881]
Classmark:  The Huntington Library (HM 36211)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12976

To A. B. Buckley   4 January 1881

Summary

Memorial for Wallace pension dispatched to W. E. Gladstone.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Arabella Burton Buckley
Date:  4 Jan 1881
Classmark:  The British Library (Add MS 46434); DAR 143: 185
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12977

From Gottlieb Haberlandt   5 January 1881

Summary

Thanks CD for a second copy of Movement in plants. His letter acknowledging the first must have gone astray. Marvels at the number of interesting observations and is honoured by CD’s mention of his work.

In recent years GH has been applying CD’s principles to the histologico-anatomical structure of plant organs. He will send CD the papers.

Author:  Gottlieb Haberlandt
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  5 Jan 1881
Classmark:  DAR 166: 14
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12980
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