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To Asa Gray   6 November [1862]

Summary

Agrees Max Müller’s book [see 3752] is interesting but cannot see how it will further his "cause".

A book by J. W. Colenso [The Pentateuch and book of Joshua critically examined, pt 1 (1862)] has just appeared and will "make a noise".

Would like some observations made on Cypripedium.

Will not publish yet on Lythrum as he must make many more crosses; the mid-styled is fertile with half of its own stamens.

Would like to try a few experiments on tendrils.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  6 Nov [1862]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (78)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3796

To Asa Gray   23 November [1862]

Summary

Recommends H. W. Bates’s paper on butterflies of Amazonia ["Insect fauna of the Amazon valley", Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 23 (1862): 495–566].

Lyell’s book [Antiquity of man (1863)] is eagerly awaited.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  23 Nov [1862]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (49)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3820

To Asa Gray   26[–7] November [1862]

Summary

Discusses AG’s article ["Dimorphism", Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 34 (1862): 419–20]. Does not like the terms "dioecio-dimorphism" or "precocious fertilisation". Discusses the separation of sexes in plants; cannot doubt that hermaphroditism is the aboriginal state.

Discusses AG’s observations on orchids and his review of Orchids [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 34 (1862): 138–51].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  26[–7] Nov [1862]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (50)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3830

To Asa Gray   2 January [1863]

Summary

Thanks AG for Cypripedium and Mitchella.

Plans to investigate pollination of Cypripedium.

Has finished Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Would welcome facts on "bud-variations".

Hears that Cinchona is dimorphic.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  2 Jan [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (56)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3897

To Asa Gray   19 January [1863]

Summary

Comments on his own review of Bates’s butterfly paper [Collected papers 2: 87–92].

Thanks AG for information on Platanthera.

Has been wasting more time with Melastomataceae; can find no nectar in Monochaetum; is there any in Rhexia?

Hopes Lincoln’s "fiat against Slavery" will have some effect.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  19 Jan [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (57)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3927

To Asa Gray   23 February [1863]

Summary

Recommends Lyell’s book [Antiquity of man (1863)].

Quotes praise of AG’s pamphlet [see 2938].

Comments on U. S. politics.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  23 Feb [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (55)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4006

To Asa Gray   20 March [1863]

Summary

Discusses the meaning of C. K. Sprengel’s term "dichogamy". Dichogamous plants are functionally monoecious; Primula is functionally dioecious.

Reports Hermann Crüger’s observations of Cattleya and of bees pollinating Catasetum. Crüger will observe Melastomataceae.

Has built a hothouse.

Fears Amsinckia cannot be dimorphic.

Ill health slows his work on Variation.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  20 Mar [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (58)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4053

To Asa Gray   20 April [1863]

Summary

Fears England and U. S. will drift into war; he and AG must "keep to Science".

Thanks for facts on Incas; regrets he has always avoided the case of man.

Has sent his Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Is it true that Ohio has legislated against marriage of cousins?

Can AG explain the invariable angles in phyllotaxy; are they the consequence of packing in the early bud?

Owen’s comments on heterogeny in the Athenæum [28 Mar 1863] have vexed W. B. Carpenter; CD has replied [Collected papers 2: 78–80].

Hopes AG will observe Gymnadenia; John Scott has been experimenting on its fertilisation.

Gives his observation on pollination of Cypripedium.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  20 Apr [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (51)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4110

To Asa Gray   11 May [1863]

Summary

CD despairs when men like AG and Lyell consider themselves incapable of judging on change of species by descent.

Is confused over phyllotaxy.

Has been looking at Plantago lanceolata.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  11 May [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (59)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4153

To Asa Gray   31 May [1863]

Summary

AG’s review of Alphonse de Candolle’s paper [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 35 (1863): 430–44] is excellent.

Does not AG consider that orchids oppose Oswald Heer’s view that species arise suddenly by monstrosities?

Infers that AG cannot explain the angles of phyllotaxy; has been looking at Carl Nägeli on the subject.

Reports Gaston de Saporta’s belief that natural selection will ultimately triumph in France.

Is working slowly at Variation.

Reports his observations on the imperfect flowers of Viola and Oxalis.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  31 May [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (84)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4196

To Asa Gray   26 June [1863]

Summary

Thanks AG for references about phyllotaxy

and information on marriage laws.

Has been looking for dimorphism in Phlox and Euonymus.

Has observed the irritability of tendrils of Echinocystis with great interest. Was also struck by the rotating movements of the leading shoots, which he proposes to investigate.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  26 June [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (82)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4222

To Asa Gray   4 August [1863]

Summary

Anticipated AG’s attitude on design in orchids. Does he not think that the variations that gave rise to fancy pigeon varieties were accidental?

Has been working hard at Lythrum

and spontaneous movements of tendrils.

Defends Drosera as a "sagacious animal" but does not know whether he will ever publish on it.

Comments on political situation in U. S.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  4 Aug [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (83)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4262

To Asa Gray   25 February [1864]

Summary

Has not worked for six months due to illness.

Has been looking at climbing plants.

Hermann Crüger’s paper shows that CD was right about Catasetum pollination. Crüger’s account of pollination of Coryanthes "beats everything".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  25 Feb [1864]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (80)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4415

To Asa Gray   19 April [1865]

Summary

Congratulates AG on the "grand news of Richmond".

Still interested in dimorphism and would welcome new cases.

Working on Variation

and correcting proofs of Climbing plants.

Would like seed of AG’s dimorphic Plantago.

Cannot understand how the wind could fertilise reciprocally dimorphic flowers.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  19 Apr [1865]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (77)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4467

To Asa Gray   28 May [1864]

Summary

Is slowly writing Lythrum paper [Collected papers 2: 106–31].

Thanks for [Charles?] Wright’s observations on orchids

– could he note what attracts insects to Begonia and Melastoma? H. Crüger, who was going to observe Melastomataceae, has died.

Describes the climbing habits of Bignonia capreolata and Eccremocarpus scaber.

How does AG know the perfect flowers of Voandzeia are quite sterile?

He has a case of dimorphism in holly; asks AG to report on American hollies.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  28 May [1864]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (79)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4511

To Asa Gray   13 September [1864]

Summary

Has finished Climbing plants;

resuming work on Variation.

Sends abstract of John Scott’s paper [see 4332].

Has received review of Herbert Spencer but cannot believe AG wrote it unless he has muddled his brains with metaphysics.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  13 Sept [1864]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (89)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4611

To Asa Gray   29 October [1864]

Summary

Sends question [missing] for an ornithologist.

Is plodding on at Variation.

Has added to Climbing plants.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  29 Oct [1864]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (88)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4647

To Asa Gray   15 August [1865]

Summary

Gratified by AG’s praise of "Climbing plants".

Thanks for Specularia seed.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  15 Aug [1865]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (87)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4882

To Asa Gray   19 October [1865]

Summary

AG’s article on climbing plants [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 40 (1865): 273–82] is admirable and complimentary.

Reports Fritz Müller’s observations on climbers.

Experiments on dimorphism with Mitchella and Pulmonaria.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  19 Oct [1865]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (93)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4919

To Asa Gray   16 April [1866]

Summary

AG’s second article on Climbing plants [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 41 (1866): 125–30].

Fritz Müller’s observations on Rubiaceae.

New edition [4th] of Origin.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  16 Apr [1866]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (96)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5057
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