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To G. H. Darwin   [27 July 1874]

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Summary

Advises GHD to get an eminent counsel. If counsel’s opinion is that the reviewer [Mivart, in "Primitive man", Q. Rev. 137 (1874): 40–77] has falsified GHD’s statements, GHD should send the opinion to the Quarterly Review and demand publication, and if refused publish elsewhere. Then CD must decide whether to cut John Murray [publisher of Q. Rev.] which will put CD in a nice perplexity [over his rights to the stereotyped editions of past works].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Howard Darwin
Date:  [27 July 1874]
Classmark:  DAR 210.1: 25
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9568

Matches: 1 hit

  • … by which metal plates were made from moulds of movable type, allowing new impressions of a …

From Raphael Meldola   11 January 1882

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Summary

Wishes to borrow Weismann’s pamphlet on the Daphnidae [ "Ueber die Schmuckfarben der Daphnoiden", Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 30 (Supp.)]. Is preparing an essay on "alternation of generations".

Author:  Raphael Meldola
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  11 Jan 1882
Classmark:  DAR 171: 141
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13609

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 1985–. Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

To St G. J. Mivart   11 January [1872]

Summary

CD believes that StGJM has been unfair in his criticisms and has misrepresented him; he begs him not to write again. "Agassiz has uttered splendid sarcasms on me, but I still feel quite friendly towards him. M. Flourens cd. not find words to express his contempt of me: Pictet & Hopkins argued with great force against me: Fleeming Jenkin covered me with first-rate ridicule; & his crticisms were true & most useful: but none of their writings have mortified me as yours have done …" [See 8154.]

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  St George Jackson Mivart
Date:  11 Jan [1872]
Classmark:  Karpeles Manuscript Library Museums
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8156A

Matches: 1 hit

  • … movable type was set up and used to make a mould, which could then be used to cast a metal …

From T. H. Farrer   26 August 1877

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Summary

Counted 40 worm-holes after rain; four or five in the wall.

Author:  Thomas Henry Farrer, 1st baronet and 1st Baron Farrer
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  26 Aug 1877
Classmark:  DAR 164: 82
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11112

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

To A. S. Wilson   16 March [1878]

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Summary

Thanks for second lot of Aegilops seed.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Alexander Stephen Wilson
Date:  16 Mar [1878]
Classmark:  DAR 148: 363
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11427

Matches: 1 hit

  • … are now in water! ) and all became a sheet of mould, so that I was in despair of even one …

To A. C. Ramsay   17 June 1880

Summary

Notes on worm action, and CD’s questions concerning source of nutriment for worms in ACR’s courtyard [see Earthworms, pp. 192–3].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Andrew Crombie Ramsay
Date:  17 June 1880
Classmark:  DAR 261.9: 11 (EH 88205984)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12638

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

From Horace Darwin   4 September 1880

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Summary

Observations on earthworms.

Author:  Horace Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  4 Sept 1880
Classmark:  DAR 64.1: 34–5
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12707

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

To W. E. Darwin   10 September [1880]

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Summary

Writes about worm-castings; tells WED not to bother with samples from Beaulieu Abbey.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  10 Sept [1880]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 162
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12710

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

From Horace Darwin to Emma Darwin   [18 September 1880]

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Summary

Found worm-casts atop a 2555–foot hill.

Author:  Horace Darwin
Addressee:  Emma Wedgwood; Emma Darwin
Date:  [18 Sept 1880]
Classmark:  DAR 162: 73
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12717

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

To James Murie   30 October 1880

Summary

Requests a volume of Zoologist with an article dated Oct 1849.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  James Murie; Linnean Society
Date:  30 Oct 1880
Classmark:  Linnean Society of London (LL/4)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-12783

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

To Lawrence Ruck   10 January 1881

Summary

Asks whether sheep and cattle grazing on a steep slope move across the slope horizontally or ascend it.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Lawrence Ruck
Date:  10 Jan 1881
Classmark:  M. G. Hamer (private collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13002

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

To Henri de Saussure   17 March 1881

Summary

Thanks HdS for pebbles of Roman bricks. When he goes over MS [Earthworms] again, he will compare smoother ones with those having undergone attrition in gizzards of worms.

Has received book [La question du lac] sent by HdS.

Also sends photograph taken by Leonard Darwin of CD.

Requests photograph of HdS to add to his collection.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Henri Louis Frédéric (Henri) de Saussure
Date:  17 Mar 1881
Classmark:  Bibliothèque de Genève (Arch. de Saussure 227 f. 111)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13088F

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

To R. F. Cooke   10 April 1881

Summary

Asks for quick decision on publication [of Earthworms]. Does not care whether it is published on commission or on usual terms, but wants it published in a hurry. Cannot guess at sales.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Robert Francis Cooke; John Murray
Date:  10 Apr 1881
Classmark:  National Library of Scotland (John Murray Archive) (Ms. 42152 ff. 383–4)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13110

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

To W. T. Thiselton-Dyer   7 May [1881]

Summary

Wants a Clematis identified. Has been observing how earthworms drag down its petioles.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
Date:  7 May [1881]
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Darwin: Letters to Thiselton-Dyer, 1873–81: f. 224)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13149

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

To J. V. Carus   30 July 1881

Summary

Delay in publication [of Earthworms] vexes CD, as he likes to throw a subject off his mind.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Julius Victor Carus
Date:  30 July 1881
Classmark:  Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Slg. Darmstaedter Lc 1859: Darwin, Charles, Bl. 191–192)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13259

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

From R. F. Cooke   30 July 1881

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Summary

Hastens to assure CD that his book [Earthworms] will be published as soon as possible, since CD wishes it.

Author:  Robert Francis Cooke; John Murray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  30 July 1881
Classmark:  DAR 171: 516
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13261

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

From M. C. Stanley   16 October 1881

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Summary

Has read Earthworms with great interest. Remembers CD once said, laughing, that he was finding that "worms could revolutionise the world". CD has succeeded in proving greatness of their power.

Author:  Mary Catherine Sackville-West, countess of Derby; Mary Catherine Gascoyne-Cecil, countess of Derby; Mary Catherine Stanley, countess of Derby
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  16 Oct 1881
Classmark:  DAR 162: 171
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13406

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

From J. H. Chamberlain   17 October 1881

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Summary

Has read Earthworms and suggests, as an architect, that leaf linings protect worm burrow from the worm’s rapid movements.

Author:  John Henry Chamberlain
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  17 Oct 1881
Classmark:  DAR 161: 130
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13410

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

From R. S. Pattrick   19 October 1881

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Summary

Thanks for Earthworms.

Author:  Reginald Saint Pattrick
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  19 Oct 1881
Classmark:  DAR 174: 30
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13416

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

From James Croll   22 October 1881

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Summary

Thanks for presentation copy of Earthworms.

Author:  James Croll
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  22 Oct 1881
Classmark:  DAR 161: 267
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13421

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …
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Referencing women’s work

Summary

Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … letters relating to Darwin's 1881 publication Vegetable mould and earthworms . …
  • … casting fieldwork. Her work was referenced in Vegetable Mould and Earthworms but she was …
  • … fieldwork. Her work is referenced in Vegetable Mould but she was identified only as …
  • … fieldwork and observations are referenced in Vegetable Mould . Letter 12742 …
  • … referenced the work of "My son Horace" in Vegetable Mould . Letter …
  • … habits of worms” referenced anonymously in Vegetable Mould . Letter 12760 - …
  • … William’s work is proudly referenced in Vegetable Mould . …

Casting about: Darwin on worms

Summary

Earthworms were the subject of a citizen science project to map the distribution of earthworms across Britain (BBC Today programme, 26 May 2014). The general understanding of the role earthworms play in improving soils and providing nutrients for plants to…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin wrote, snappily-titled The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms , …

Earthworms

Summary

As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … As his final published work, The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms was a …
  • … Papers Darwin, C.R. 1840. On the formation of mould. Transactions of the Geological Society …
  • … the hearing power of worms. In Chapter 1 of Vegetable Mould and Earth-worms , Darwin …
  • … observe the effect of vibrations upon worms. In Vegetable Mould and Earth-worms Darwin wrote: …
  • … vibrations! [1] Charles Darwin, Vegetable Mould and Earth-Worms (London: John …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Mary Tanner tells Darwin that she has read his Vegetable Mould and Worms “with great …

4.38 Franz Goedecker, caricature

Summary

< Back to Introduction In a caricature by the German artist Franz Goedecker, Darwin stands in front of a desk, confronting a monkey with a face resembling his own. It holds his book on earthworms, and is squatting on a copy of a German translation,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of Berlin. The reference to The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Action of Worms fixes …

4.41 'Punch', Sambourne cartoon 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction In October 1881, Darwin was included in Linley Sambourne’s series of ‘Punch’s Fancy Portraits’ of celebrities as No. 54. While the caption recurs to the old theme of Darwin’s views on human ancestry, the drawing contains a more…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … to his just-published book, The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms. This …

Volume 29 (1881) is published!

Summary

In October 1881, Darwin published his last book, The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with observations on their habits. A slim volume on a subject that many people could understand and on which they had their own opinions, it went…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin published his last book, The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with …

Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?

Summary

'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . .  What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of Darwin’s last book,  The formation of   vegetable mould through the action of worms , …

Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … between species.  His last publication,  The formation of mould through the action of earthworms   …

The full edition is now online!

Summary

For nearly fifty years successive teams of researchers on both sides of the Atlantic have been working to track down all surviving letters written by or to Charles Darwin, research their content, and publish the complete texts. The thirtieth and final…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … to a review of his latest book, The formation of vegetable mould through the actions of worms , …

Bibliography of Darwin’s geological publications

Summary

This list includes papers read by Darwin to the Geological Society of London, his books on the geology of the Beagle voyage, and other publications on geological topics.  Author-date citations refer to entries in the Darwin Correspondence Project’s…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … , pp.  37-9.  F1647.] —On the formation of mould.  Transactions of the Geological Society of …
  • … & Co. 1874.  [F275.] — The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, …

Volume 28 (1880) now published

Summary

1880 opened and closed with an irksome controversy with Samuel Butler, prompted by the publication of Erasmus Darwin the previous year. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of Movement in…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … began writing his final book, The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms . …

2.3 Wedgwood medallions

Summary

< Back to Introduction Despite Darwin’s closeness to the Wedgwood family, he was studiously uninterested in the productions of his maternal grandfather Josiah Wedgwood I, the immensely successful ceramic manufacturer. In a letter to Hooker of January…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … the first wax model portraying Darwin; the plaster mould created from it; and a clay relief cast …

Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest

Summary

The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … in Darwin’s last book,  The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms , published …

John Murray

Summary

Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … sent Murray the manuscript of  The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms  ( …

Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers

Summary

In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … : sales and reactions The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms: with …
  • … the brisk sales. When the German translator asked whether ‘mould’ and ‘humus’ were interchangeable, …
  • … of the book as a work about the production of vegetable mould: Archibald Geikie appreciated the …

2.8 Alphonse Legros medallion

Summary

< Back to Introduction The painter, printmaker and sculptor Alphonse Legros created this bronze medallion with a profile portrait of Darwin in 1881, shortly before the latter’s death. According to a friend of Legros, the writer Thomas Okey, it was…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … individually modelled in relief and cast in bronze from a mould by the traditional lost-wax process, …

German poems presented to Darwin

Summary

Experiments in deepest reverence The following poems were enclosed with a photograph album sent as a birthday gift to Charles Darwin by his German and Austrian admirers (see letter from From Emil Rade, [before 16] February 1877). The poems were…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … on your dark grave,— Away with the delusion, the mould, It is the time of battle, …

1.14 William Richmond, oil

Summary

< Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma mater for the presentation ceremony…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin and his unique public persona simply did not fit the mould of institutional, honorific …

Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'

Summary

The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … The fourth presented his hypothesis on the formation of mould by earthworms. This explanation of a …
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