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From Ernst Haeckel   9 February 1879

Summary

Sends birthday wishes.

Comments on progress of CD’s theory in Germany. Mentions opposition of Rudolf Virchow and his reply Freie Wissenschaft und freie Lehre [1878].

Describes research trip to Brittany and Normandy.

Research on Challenger Radiolaria.

Author:  Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  9 Feb 1879
Classmark:  DAR 166: 72
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11865

Matches: 9 hits

  • … of science in the modern state’ ( Virchow 1877 ) to the German Association of Naturalists …
  • … s Stationery Office. Virchow, Rudolf. 1877. Die Freiheit der Wissenschaft im modernen …
  • … und Aerzte zu München am 22. September 1877. 2d edition. Berlin: Wiegandt, Hempel & Parey. …
  • … and Physicians in Munich in September 1877; an English version of the text …
  • … was published in Nature , 22 November 1877, pp. …
  • … 72–4; 29 November 1877, pp. …
  • … 92–4; 6 December 1877, pp. 111–13. In response to Haeckel’s …
  • … published in English in Nature , 4 October 1877, pp. 492–6), Virchow used CD’s theory of …
  • … science generally. ( Nature , 6 December 1877, p. 112. ) Haeckel’s response to Virchow’s …

From Raphael Meldola   6 February 1879

Summary

Has arranged for publication of his translation of Weismann.

S. H. Scudder article on sexual dimorphism in butterflies [Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. 12 (1877): 150–8].

Author:  Raphael Meldola
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  6 Feb 1879
Classmark:  DAR 171: 134
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11861

Matches: 4 hits

  • … on sexual dimorphism in butterflies [ Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. 12 (1877): 150–8]. …
  • … Academy of Arts and Sciences ( Scudder 1877 ). Alfred Russel Wallace’s ‘Animals and their …
  • … Kosmos 4 (1878–9): 285–92. Scudder, Samuel Hubbard. 1877. Antigeny, or sexual dimorphism …
  • … in butterflies. [Read 14 March 1877. ] Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and …

From Karl Beger   [c. 12 February 1879]

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Summary

Birthday wishes.

Author:  Friedrich Theodor Karl (Karl) Beger
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [c. 12 Feb 1879]
Classmark:  DAR 160: 121
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11854

Matches: 3 hits

  • … and the letter from Karl Beger, [12 February 1877] ( Correspondence vol. 25). Beger’s …
  • … had given birth to a son on 11 February 1877; the couple named him Darwin Richard Beger …
  • … 25, letter from Karl Beger, [12 February 1877] ). CD’s 70th birthday was on 12 February …

To Raphael Meldola   7 February 1879

Summary

Wishes to subscribe to RM’s translation of Weismann.

Has seen Scudder’s article.

A. R. Wallace’s article ["Animals and their native countries", Nineteenth Century 5 (1879): 247–59] is excellent.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Raphael Meldola
Date:  7 Feb 1879
Classmark:  Oxford University Museum of Natural History (Hope Entomological Collections 1350: Hope/Westwood Archive, Darwin folder)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11862

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Kosmos 4 (1878–9): 285–92. Scudder, Samuel Hubbard. 1877. Antigeny, or sexual dimorphism …
  • … in butterflies. [Read 14 March 1877. ] Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and …
  • … in error; Meldola referred to Scudder 1877 in his letter of 6 February 1879 . Alfred …

From George Henslow   8 February 1879

Summary

GH no longer believes in the value of cross-fertilisation in plants.

Author:  George Henslow
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 Feb 1879
Classmark:  DAR 166: 175
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11864

Matches: 4 hits

  • … fertilization of plants. [Read 1 November 1877. ] Transactions of the Linnean Society ( …
  • … Review of Cross and self fertilisation . ] Gardeners’ Chronicle , 13 January 1877, p. …
  • … 42; 3 February 1877, p. …
  • … 139; 17 February 1877, pp. 203–4. …

From D. Appleton & Co.   1 February 1879

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Summary

Statement of U.S. sales of CD’s works.

Author:  D. Appleton & Co
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Feb 1879
Classmark:  DAR 159: 104
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11855

Matches: 4 hits

  • … from the stereotypes of the English versions in 1877. Origin 3d US ed. was published from …
  • … Darwin. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1877. Descent 2d ed. : The descent of man, and …
  • … Darwin. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1877. Freeman, Richard Broke. 1977. The works …
  • … revised. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1877. Origin 3d US ed. : On the origin of …

From Grant Allen   21 February [1879]

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Summary

Thanks for criticisms of Colour-sense.

Clarifies his views that actions desirable for species result in development of nervous organs capable of pleasurable stimulation.

Believes that all "tastes" occurring in nature are explicable with reference to ancestral habits and that none is purely arbitrary.

Author:  Charles Grant Blairfindie (Grant) Allen
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 Feb [1879]
Classmark:  DAR 159: 44
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11894

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Bibliography Allen, Grant. 1877. Physiological aesthetics . London: Henry S. King & Co. …
  • … 2 of Physiological aesthetics ( G. Allen 1877 , pp. 5–29). CD had mentioned Fritz Müller’s …

To W. T. Thiselton-Dyer   3 February 1879

Summary

Heliotropic movements. Is giving up experiments until the spring.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
Date:  3 Feb 1879
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Darwin: Letters to Thiselton-Dyer, 1873–81: ff. 158–9)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11857

Matches: 2 hits

  • … see Movement in plants , p. 450 n. In 1877, Thiselton-Dyer had sent CD a plant of the …
  • … 25, letter from W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 16 July 1877 . CD had observed the leaves to rise up …

From the masters of Greiz College   12 February 1879

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Summary

Send 70th birthday congratulations.

Author:  Greiz College
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 Feb 1879
Classmark:  DAR 99: 94r
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11879

Matches: 1 hit

  • … vol. 25, letter to Friedrich Ludwig, 1 August 1877 , and Correspondence vol. 26, letter to …

From Francis Darwin   [c. 25 February 1879]

Summary

Directs CD where to find tools in his room. Has been looking at agave and aloe flowers. Thanks family for their letters.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [c. 25 Feb 1879]
Classmark:  DAR 274.1: 60
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11883F

Matches: 2 hits

  • … T. Thiselton-Dyer, 28 [June 1874] and n. 7), and began again in 1877 ( Correspondence vol. …
  • … 25, letter to Fritz Müller, 14 May 1877 ). CD never published on bloom, but in 1878 …

To Grant Allen   [before 21 February 1879]

Summary

Read GA’s book [The colour-sense] with "great interest". Makes criticisms and suggestions.

Cannot believe in GA’s theory of the origin of pleasure and pain.

Is glad he defends sexual selection;

CD finds A. R. Wallace’s explanations "mere empty words" and for many years he has "quite doubted [ARW’s] scientific judgment".

Considers the possible effect of environmental colour on the colour tastes of animals.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Grant Blairfindie (Grant) Allen
Date:  [before 21 Feb 1879]
Classmark:  Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11891

Matches: 2 hits

  • … and vitality of the male bird; see Wallace 1877 and Correspondence vol. 25, letter to A. …
  • … R. Wallace, 31 August 1877 . The pamphlet that Karl Höchberg sent CD was probably ‘Die …

To Karl Alberts   [after 9 February 1879]

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Summary

Thanks KA and the other editors of Kosmos for the issue published in honour of his birthday. Sees there is much in it that will interest him greatly.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Karl Alberts
Date:  [after 9 Feb 1879]
Classmark:  DAR 99: 95v
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11867

Matches: 1 hit

  • … an extensive list of CD’s publications from 1837 to 1877 ( Preyer 1879 , pp. 346–9). …

To H. N. Moseley   4 February 1879

Summary

Comments on HNM’s book [Notes by a naturalist on the "Challenger" (1879)].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Henry Nottidge Moseley
Date:  4 Feb 1879
Classmark:  Christie’s, London (dealers) (online 31 October – 8 November 2018, lot 13)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11858

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany) 15 (1877): 73–82. Moseley, Henry Nottidge. 1875b. …

To George Henslow   11 February 1879

Summary

Disagrees with GH over the value of cross-fertilisation.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Henslow
Date:  11 Feb 1879
Classmark:  DAR (CD Library - G. Henslow 1888)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11870

Matches: 1 hit

  • … fertilization of plants. [Read 1 November 1877. ] Transactions of the Linnean Society ( …

From Hermann Müller   14 February 1879

Summary

HM’s teaching methods and his ideas are under attack in Germany along with the works of Ernst Krause.

Author:  Heinrich Ludwig Hermann (Hermann) Müller
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  14 Feb 1879
Classmark:  DAR 171: 313
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11883

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Müller’s critics had focused on this passage in 1877, when Müller was denounced in several …
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Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours

Summary

Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…

Matches: 28 hits

  • … , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and …
  • … from a family that the Darwins had befriended. The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. …
  • … of a very heavy shower’, William wrote on 24 August 1877 . ‘The leaves were not at all depressed; …
  • … gardeners ( letter from W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 25 August 1877 ). At Down House, Darwin and …
  • … a delicate twig’ ( letter to R. I. Lynch, 14 September 1877 ). Research on movement would continue …
  • … of some Infusoria’ ( letter from F. J. Cohn, 5 August 1877 ). Francis’s paper eventually appeared …
  • … wrote to the editor, George Croom Robertson, on 27 April 1877 , ‘I hope that you will be so good …
  • … had written to the editor Ernst Ludwig Krause on 30 June 1877 , ‘I have been much interested by …
  • … the German debate (letters to W. E. Gladstone, 2 October 1877 and 25 October [1877] ). …
  • … and lively’ ( letter from W. E. Gladstone, 23 October 1877 ). Gifts of German and Dutch …
  • … Darwin and Ernst Haeckel). Writing to Darwin on 11 March 1877 , Krause declared the journal ‘an …
  • … the director, Adriaan Anthoni van Bemmelen, on 12 February 1877 : ‘I suppose that every worker at …
  • … of his 70th year. Darwin was in fact 68 on 12 February 1877. Distinguished guests and …
  • … & smooth as butter’ ( letter to C. E. Norton, 16 March 1877 ). Hooker was asked repeatedly by …
  • … & me to dejeuner!!!’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 14 June 1877 ). Darwin was staying in …
  • … centuries to come’ ( letter from C. C. Graham, 30 January 1877 ). Graham then gave a lengthy …
  • … man and of societies’ ( letter from Marcellin de Bonnal, [1877] ). A similar complaint came from …
  • … by a duke!’ ( letter to J. M. Rodwell, 3 June 1877 ). Back home, he learned from his brother that …
  • … order of the day’ ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 27 January [1877] ).  Carlyle’s remarks were …
  • … . In a letter from an unknown correspondent on 13 June 1877 , he was criticised for having quoted …
  • … monstrosity ( letter from C. T. E. Siebold, 10 October 1877 ). An American banker, William Burrows …
  • … back our civilization’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 17 May 1877 ). Bowles proposed that such …
  • … of humanity beneath’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 18 May 1877 ). More transitional human …
  • … inflexible tails ( letter from Arthur Mellersh, 1 January 1877 ). The American physician Jesse …
  • … (Trollope 1867; letter to G. J. Romanes, [1 and 2 December 1877] ). Dispute and …
  • … George and Francis. He wrote to Francis on 24 September 1877 about his forthcoming work, Life …
  • … value’, he confessed in a letter of 25 November 1877 that the book had ‘resolved itself into a …
  • … physical’ ( letter from W. M. Moorsom, 10 September 1877 ). Darwin was doubtful of the elephant …

1877 letters now online

Summary

Flowers, bloom, a son married . . . and a suspended monkey in Cambridge at Darwin's honorary LLD ceremony. The transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877 are now online. Read more about Darwin's life in 1877…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of  over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877  are now online. Read more about  Darwin& …

Photograph album of German and Austrian scientists

Summary

The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade, and contained 165 portraits of German and Austrian scientists. The work was lavishly produced and bound in blue velvet with metal embossing. Its ornate…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade …
  • … have ever received ( Letter to Ernst Haeckel, 16 February 1877 )     …
  • … the start of his 70th year, but Darwin was only 68 in 1877. Despite this oversight, the album …
  • … world.— ( Letter from Leonard Blomefield, 12 March 1877 ) Familiar faces Ernst …
  • … with the final album. He wrote to Darwin on 9 February 1877 : ‘what will perhaps astonish you is …
  • … worth to give you ( Letter from J. V. Carus, 22 March 1877 )  The professor of …
  • … scientific work. ( Letter from C. G. Semper, 26 April 1877 ) Carl Kraus, an …

4.25 'Punch' 1877 re. Cambridge doctorate

Summary

< Back to Introduction Punch often ridiculed Darwin by showing him as a monkey or in other animalistic forms, but in 1877, when he at last received an honorary degree from Cambridge University, it paid its tribute to ‘wisdom’. ‘Punch to Dr. Darwin’…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … him as a monkey or in other animalistic forms, but in 1877, when he at last received an honorary …
  • … a celebratory speech at the award ceremony on 17 November 1877. The capital ‘O’ of the first line of …
  • … date of creation late November 1877 
 computer-readable date c.1877-11-18 to 1877-11-30  …

Photograph album of Dutch admirers

Summary

Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the …
  • … lasting pleasure. ( Letter to Pieter Harting, 19 March 1877 ) Harting had also written …
  • … it states his ‘69th Birthday’, when in fact he was 68 in 1877. It was arranged in alphabetical order …
  • … from A. A. van Bemmelen and H. J.  Veth, 6 February 1877 ) Dutch correspondents …
  • … ( Letter from C. W. Thomson, 30 June 1877 ) Much earlier, in 1861, Tiberius Cornelis …

German and Dutch photograph albums

Summary

Darwin Day 2018: To celebrate Darwin's 209th birthday, we present two lavishly produced albums of portrait photographs which Darwin received from continental admirers 141 years ago. These unusual gifts from Germany and the Netherlands are made…

Matches: 3 hits

  • …   In 1877, Charles Darwin was sent some unusual birthday presents: two lavishly …
  • … conferred on me ( Letter to Otto Zacharias, [24 February 1877] ) The two albums …
  • … sympathy. ( Letter to A. A. van Bemmelen, 12 February 1877 )  View the Dutch album …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … of plants.’ ( From Friedrich Hildebrand, 18 January 1877 ). Hermann Müller enthused that Darwin’s …
  • … my book’ ( To  Gardeners’ Chronicle , 19 February [1877] ). In contrast, as Hooker told Darwin, …
  • … gloats over it' ( From J. D. Hooker, 27 January 1877 ). Darwin was especially pleased with …
  • … have quite eviscerated it’ ( To Asa Gray, 18 February [1877] ). By mid-March 1877, the edition was …
  • … index a little altered’ ( To R. F. Cooke, 11 December [1877] ). These changes were necessitated by …
  • … wheat that he had studied ( From A. W. Rimpau, 10 December 1877 ). By the end of February 1878, …

Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters

Summary

On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … tiredness of the later years (e.g. letter to E.M. Dicey, [1877] ). Working …

Language: key letters

Summary

How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 11074: Sayce, A. H. to Darwin, C. R., 27 July 1877 Darwin’s study of human nature …

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … activity at the site of a Roman villa,  15 November 1877 W. T. Thiselton-Dyer's …

Have you read the one about....

Summary

... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …

Charles Harrison Blackley

Summary

You may not have heard of Charles Harrison Blackley (1820–1900), but if you are one of the 15 million people in the UK who suffer from hay fever, you are indebted to him. For it was he who identified pollen as the cause of the allergy. Darwin was…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … grains by a dilution method.  In his letter of 9 March 1877 , Darwin wrote: ‘Your calculation of …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to …
  • … and forenames Occupation Age in 1877 Residence Date …
  • … Leiden 13 June 1823 Rotterdam 2 June 1877 Zoeterwoude …
  • … 5 October 1808 Wildenborch 4 June 1877 Klein Dochteren …

German poems presented to Darwin

Summary

Experiments in deepest reverence The following poems were enclosed with a photograph album sent as a birthday gift to Charles Darwin by his German and Austrian admirers (see letter from From Emil Rade, [before 16] February 1877). The poems were…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … (see letter from From Emil Rade , [before 16] February 1877). The poems were composed by …
  • … in Rade’s account of the making of the album (Rade 1877, pp. 39–40), but the others were published …
  • … Letter from Emil Rade 1    [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. …
  • … From Emil Rade   [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. February 1877. …
  • … this letter and the letter to Emil Rade, 16 February 1877. 3. The gift was a photograph …
  • … Appendix VI. A number of other poems were included in Rade 1877.   …

Darwin on race and gender

Summary

Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Treat, 5 January 1872 Letter to [E. M. Dicey?], [1877] Letter to C. A. Kennard …

Darwin in public and private

Summary

Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 10746 – Darwin to Dicey, E. M., [1877] Darwin gives his opinion on the …
  • … Letter 11267f – Darwin, S. to Darwin, [3 December 1877] Darwin’s daughter-in-law …

Exercise: Caricatures of Science

Summary

Caricatures provide intriguing insights into both ideals and transgressions of gender. The following six images show caricatured representations of nineteenth-century men and women of science. They provide insight into the boundaries of what was deemed …

Matches: 1 hits

  • …   Lydia Becker (1877) Caricature of Lydia Becker from …

Movement in Plants

Summary

The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…

Matches: 3 hits

  • …   ‘Very curious results’ In May 1877, Darwin asked one of his most trusted …
  • … of movement ( letter from R. I. Lynch, [before 28 July 1877] ). ‘ I do not believe I sh d . …
  • … those of Gray, who had written an article on the subject in 1877 (A. Gray 1877e). Gray had reported …

Floral Dimorphism

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a series of smaller studies on botanical subjects. Titled The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, it consisted primarily of…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … | Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a …
  • … findings on floral dimorphism were eventually published in 1877, but these experiments and …
  • … SOURCES Book Darwin, C. R. 1877. The different forms of flowers on plants of the …
  • … experiment, the class read chapter 1 of Charles Darwin’s 1877 T he Different Forms of …
  • … Flowers on Plants of the Same Species (London: John Murray, 1877), 16. [2] Ibid., 30. …

1.14 William Richmond, oil

Summary

< Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma mater for the presentation ceremony…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma …
  • … bibliography ‘University News’, Observer (18 Nov. 1877), p. 6. ‘Mr. Darwin at Cambridge’, …
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