To Wilhelm Behrens 29 August [1878]
Summary
Thanks him for ["Beiträge zur Geschichte der Bestäubungstheorie", in Program der Königlichen Gewerbeschule zu Elberfeld, 1877/78 (1879)]. Agrees with appreciation of Carl Sprengel’s work. Rejoices how highly GWJB appreciates Hermann Müller.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Georg Wilhelm Julius (Wilhelm) Behrens |
| Date: | 29 Aug [1878] |
| Classmark: | Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv – Standort Wolfenbüttel (VI Hs 11 nr. 12) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11678 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … der Königl. Gewerbeschule zu Elberfeld 1877–78. Elberfeld: A Martini & Grüttefien. Müller, …
From Gaston de Saporta 9 August 1878
Summary
Congratulations on election to the French Academy of Sciences, Botany Section.
| Author: | Louis Charles Joseph Gaston (Gaston) de Saporta, comte de Saporta |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 9 Aug 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 177: 36 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11648 |
To W. T. Thiselton-Dyer 31 January [1878]
Summary
Thanks for WTT-D’s help.
Burying action of seeds.
"Bloom" on ferns.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | William Turner Thiselton-Dyer |
| Date: | 31 Jan [1878] |
| Classmark: | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Thiselton-Dyer, W. T., Letters from Charles Darwin 1873–81: 106–7) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11340 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 25, letter from Gaston de Saporta, 16 December 1877 and n. 26, and this volume, letter to …
To Francis Darwin 13 [September 1878]
Summary
Asks what position the sub-peduncles assume when the main flower peduncle of Oxalis is tied so as to be horizontal.
Asks whether FD can find some plants at Kew for CD to trace epinastic and hyponastic movements.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Francis Darwin |
| Date: | 13 [Sept 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 211: 46 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11692 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Vries, Hugo de. 1872. Ueber einige Ursachen …
To W. C. Marshall 27 September [1878]
Summary
Thanks WCM for plant.
Mentions "your new room" at Down.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | William Cecil (Bill) Marshall |
| Date: | 27 Sept [1878] |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11153 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … and others from 3 March to 27 December 1877, and payments for the study in May and July …
To G. J. Romanes [20 January 1878?]
Summary
CD will call on Tuesday morning.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | George John Romanes |
| Date: | [20 Jan 1878?] |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.484) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11328 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Anne Street, London, from 17 to 23 January 1877 (CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). He visited …
To Sara Darwin [1 March 1878]
Summary
Hopes to visit [Sara and William] later in the year.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Sara Sedgwick; Sara Darwin |
| Date: | [1 Mar 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 210.6: 150 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11392 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … William Erasmus Darwin were married on 29 November 1877 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
To Hyacinth Hooker 21 June [1878?]
Summary
Thanks for bananas.
Will rejoice when Joseph Dalton Hooker is no longer burdened by his Royal Society duties.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Hyacinth Symonds; Hyacinth Jardine; Hyacinth Hooker |
| Date: | 21 June [1878?] |
| Classmark: | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (JDH/2/2/1 f. 314) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11561F |
Matches: 1 hit
- … see, for example, Correspondence vol. 25, letter to Hyacinth Hooker, [18 November 1877] . …
From J. E. Taylor 25 June 1878
Summary
Sends CD a copy of his book [Flowers; their origin, shapes, perfumes and colours (1878)].
| Author: | John Ellor Taylor |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 25 June 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 202: 124 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11566 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …
To L. A. Errera 8 August [1878]
Summary
Regrets that LAE went to Down for nothing.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Léo Abram Errera |
| Date: | 8 Aug [1878] |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.544) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11644 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … flowers (see Correspondence vol. 25, letter from L. A. Errera, 10 October 1877 ). …
To Gaston de Saporta 4 February [1878]
Summary
The Permian fossil sent by GdeS has stirred up the Kew botanists. Hooker suggests it was a Ceratopteris.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Louis Charles Joseph Gaston (Gaston) de Saporta, comte de Saporta |
| Date: | 4 Feb [1878] |
| Classmark: | Conry 1972, p. 118 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11347 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Permian leaf with his letter of 16 December 1877 ( Correspondence vol. 25). William Turner …
From Thomas Whitelegge 27 May 1878
Summary
Has found a few examples of Ranunculus repens with stamens reduced as in R. acris.
| Author: | Thomas Whitelegge |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 27 May 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 181: 94 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11530 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …
To Francis Darwin 2 July [1878]
Summary
Suggests FD call on Carl Semper.
Inquires about Porlieria: Do the leaves shut to check evaporation? Does it appear silver under water?
Explains how he thinks the pulvinus acts; wishes FD would investigate the point.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Francis Darwin |
| Date: | 2 July [1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 211: 32 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11586 |
To Édouard Heckel 1 January 1878
Summary
Pleased EH is translating Forms of flowers. Agrees "cowslip" and "oxlip" ought to be translated by their scientific names.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Édouard Marie (Édouard) Heckel |
| Date: | 1 Jan 1878 |
| Classmark: | Heritage Auctions (dealers) (13 and 14 December 2011, lot 37038) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11306 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …
To Martin Beckhard 10 February [1878]
Summary
Thanks him for works by Lazarus Geiger [probably Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Menschheit (1871)
and Der Ursprung der Sprache, 2d ed. (1878)].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Martin Adolf (Martin) Beckhard |
| Date: | 10 Feb [1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 143: 73 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11349 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … to Geiger’s work, see Correspondence vol. 25, letter from Ernst Krause, 14 July 1877 . …
From Thomas Whitelegge 16 May 1878
Summary
Gynodioecism in Ranunculus acris.
| Author: | Thomas Whitelegge |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 16 May 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 181: 92 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11514 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …
To G. H. Darwin 14 [July 1878]
Summary
Writes to say that the point on which he thought GHD’s drawings were mistaken proves to be an error in his own observation.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | George Howard Darwin |
| Date: | 14 [July 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 210.1: 72 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11606 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … fertilised by insects. By Charles Darwin. 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. …
To Friedrich Ludwig 29 May 1878
Summary
Thanks FL for the Plantago specimens. FL’s view of the stages by which the plant has become gynodioecious seems very probable.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Friedrich Ludwig |
| Date: | 29 May 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 146: 137 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11534 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Ludwig, Friedrich. 1879. Ueber die Blütenformen …
From Gaston de Saporta 16 February 1878
Summary
Discusses the difficulty of reconstructing angiosperm phylogeny.
Discovery of polar fossil plants helps explain migrations.
Hooker has identification of GdeS’s Permian fossil.
| Author: | Louis Charles Joseph Gaston (Gaston) de Saporta, comte de Saporta |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 16 Feb 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 177: 35 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11363 |
From W. D. Fox 12 February [1878]
Summary
Congratulates CD on his birthday.
WDF has been suffering from bronchitis.
| Author: | William Darwin Fox |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 12 Feb [1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 164: 202 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11355 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … married Sara Sedgwick on 29 November 1877 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). Theodora Fox …
| letter | (177) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (84) |
| Meldola, Raphael | (6) |
| Torbitt, James | (6) |
| Darwin, Francis | (4) |
| Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. | (4) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (90) |
| Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. | (10) |
| Darwin, Francis | (9) |
| Romanes, G. J. | (6) |
| Meldola, Raphael | (5) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (174) |
| Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. | (14) |
| Darwin, Francis | (13) |
| Meldola, Raphael | (11) |
| Romanes, G. J. | (7) |
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 28 hits
- … , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and …
- … from a family that the Darwins had befriended. The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. …
- … of a very heavy shower’, William wrote on 24 August 1877 . ‘The leaves were not at all depressed; …
- … gardeners ( letter from W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 25 August 1877 ). At Down House, Darwin and …
- … a delicate twig’ ( letter to R. I. Lynch, 14 September 1877 ). Research on movement would continue …
- … of some Infusoria’ ( letter from F. J. Cohn, 5 August 1877 ). Francis’s paper eventually appeared …
- … wrote to the editor, George Croom Robertson, on 27 April 1877 , ‘I hope that you will be so good …
- … had written to the editor Ernst Ludwig Krause on 30 June 1877 , ‘I have been much interested by …
- … the German debate (letters to W. E. Gladstone, 2 October 1877 and 25 October [1877] ). …
- … and lively’ ( letter from W. E. Gladstone, 23 October 1877 ). Gifts of German and Dutch …
- … Darwin and Ernst Haeckel). Writing to Darwin on 11 March 1877 , Krause declared the journal ‘an …
- … the director, Adriaan Anthoni van Bemmelen, on 12 February 1877 : ‘I suppose that every worker at …
- … of his 70th year. Darwin was in fact 68 on 12 February 1877. Distinguished guests and …
- … & smooth as butter’ ( letter to C. E. Norton, 16 March 1877 ). Hooker was asked repeatedly by …
- … & me to dejeuner!!!’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 14 June 1877 ). Darwin was staying in …
- … centuries to come’ ( letter from C. C. Graham, 30 January 1877 ). Graham then gave a lengthy …
- … man and of societies’ ( letter from Marcellin de Bonnal, [1877] ). A similar complaint came from …
- … by a duke!’ ( letter to J. M. Rodwell, 3 June 1877 ). Back home, he learned from his brother that …
- … order of the day’ ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 27 January [1877] ). Carlyle’s remarks were …
- … . In a letter from an unknown correspondent on 13 June 1877 , he was criticised for having quoted …
- … monstrosity ( letter from C. T. E. Siebold, 10 October 1877 ). An American banker, William Burrows …
- … back our civilization’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 17 May 1877 ). Bowles proposed that such …
- … of humanity beneath’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 18 May 1877 ). More transitional human …
- … inflexible tails ( letter from Arthur Mellersh, 1 January 1877 ). The American physician Jesse …
- … (Trollope 1867; letter to G. J. Romanes, [1 and 2 December 1877] ). Dispute and …
- … George and Francis. He wrote to Francis on 24 September 1877 about his forthcoming work, Life …
- … value’, he confessed in a letter of 25 November 1877 that the book had ‘resolved itself into a …
- … physical’ ( letter from W. M. Moorsom, 10 September 1877 ). Darwin was doubtful of the elephant …
1877 letters now online
Summary
Flowers, bloom, a son married . . . and a suspended monkey in Cambridge at Darwin's honorary LLD ceremony. The transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877 are now online. Read more about Darwin's life in 1877…
Matches: 1 hits
- … of over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877 are now online. Read more about Darwin& …
Photograph album of German and Austrian scientists
Summary
The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade, and contained 165 portraits of German and Austrian scientists. The work was lavishly produced and bound in blue velvet with metal embossing. Its ornate…
Matches: 7 hits
- … album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade …
- … have ever received ( Letter to Ernst Haeckel, 16 February 1877 ) …
- … the start of his 70th year, but Darwin was only 68 in 1877. Despite this oversight, the album …
- … world.— ( Letter from Leonard Blomefield, 12 March 1877 ) Familiar faces Ernst …
- … with the final album. He wrote to Darwin on 9 February 1877 : ‘what will perhaps astonish you is …
- … worth to give you ( Letter from J. V. Carus, 22 March 1877 ) The professor of …
- … scientific work. ( Letter from C. G. Semper, 26 April 1877 ) Carl Kraus, an …
4.25 'Punch' 1877 re. Cambridge doctorate
Summary
< Back to Introduction Punch often ridiculed Darwin by showing him as a monkey or in other animalistic forms, but in 1877, when he at last received an honorary degree from Cambridge University, it paid its tribute to ‘wisdom’. ‘Punch to Dr. Darwin’…
Matches: 3 hits
Photograph album of Dutch admirers
Summary
Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…
Matches: 5 hits
- … the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the …
- … lasting pleasure. ( Letter to Pieter Harting, 19 March 1877 ) Harting had also written …
- … it states his ‘69th Birthday’, when in fact he was 68 in 1877. It was arranged in alphabetical order …
- … from A. A. van Bemmelen and H. J. Veth, 6 February 1877 ) Dutch correspondents …
- … ( Letter from C. W. Thomson, 30 June 1877 ) Much earlier, in 1861, Tiberius Cornelis …
German and Dutch photograph albums
Summary
Darwin Day 2018: To celebrate Darwin's 209th birthday, we present two lavishly produced albums of portrait photographs which Darwin received from continental admirers 141 years ago. These unusual gifts from Germany and the Netherlands are made…
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 6 hits
- … of plants.’ ( From Friedrich Hildebrand, 18 January 1877 ). Hermann Müller enthused that Darwin’s …
- … my book’ ( To Gardeners’ Chronicle , 19 February [1877] ). In contrast, as Hooker told Darwin, …
- … gloats over it' ( From J. D. Hooker, 27 January 1877 ). Darwin was especially pleased with …
- … have quite eviscerated it’ ( To Asa Gray, 18 February [1877] ). By mid-March 1877, the edition was …
- … index a little altered’ ( To R. F. Cooke, 11 December [1877] ). These changes were necessitated by …
- … wheat that he had studied ( From A. W. Rimpau, 10 December 1877 ). By the end of February 1878, …
Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters
Summary
On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…
Matches: 1 hits
- … tiredness of the later years (e.g. letter to E.M. Dicey, [1877] ). Working …
Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Letter 11074: Sayce, A. H. to Darwin, C. R., 27 July 1877 Darwin’s study of human nature …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … activity at the site of a Roman villa, 15 November 1877 W. T. Thiselton-Dyer's …
Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
Charles Harrison Blackley
Summary
You may not have heard of Charles Harrison Blackley (1820–1900), but if you are one of the 15 million people in the UK who suffer from hay fever, you are indebted to him. For it was he who identified pollen as the cause of the allergy. Darwin was…
Matches: 1 hits
- … grains by a dilution method. In his letter of 9 March 1877 , Darwin wrote: ‘Your calculation of …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…
German poems presented to Darwin
Summary
Experiments in deepest reverence The following poems were enclosed with a photograph album sent as a birthday gift to Charles Darwin by his German and Austrian admirers (see letter from From Emil Rade, [before 16] February 1877). The poems were…
Matches: 6 hits
- … (see letter from From Emil Rade , [before 16] February 1877). The poems were composed by …
- … in Rade’s account of the making of the album (Rade 1877, pp. 39–40), but the others were published …
- … Letter from Emil Rade 1 [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. …
- … From Emil Rade [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. February 1877. …
- … this letter and the letter to Emil Rade, 16 February 1877. 3. The gift was a photograph …
- … Appendix VI. A number of other poems were included in Rade 1877. …
Darwin on race and gender
Summary
Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Treat, 5 January 1872 Letter to [E. M. Dicey?], [1877] Letter to C. A. Kennard …
Darwin in public and private
Summary
Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…
Exercise: Caricatures of Science
Summary
Caricatures provide intriguing insights into both ideals and transgressions of gender. The following six images show caricatured representations of nineteenth-century men and women of science. They provide insight into the boundaries of what was deemed …
Matches: 1 hits
- … Lydia Becker (1877) Caricature of Lydia Becker from …
Movement in Plants
Summary
The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…
Floral Dimorphism
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a series of smaller studies on botanical subjects. Titled The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, it consisted primarily of…
Matches: 5 hits
- … | Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a …
- … findings on floral dimorphism were eventually published in 1877, but these experiments and …
- … SOURCES Book Darwin, C. R. 1877. The different forms of flowers on plants of the …
- … experiment, the class read chapter 1 of Charles Darwin’s 1877 T he Different Forms of …
- … Flowers on Plants of the Same Species (London: John Murray, 1877), 16. [2] Ibid., 30. …
1.14 William Richmond, oil
Summary
< Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma mater for the presentation ceremony…
