To Fritz Müller [before 10 December 1866]
Summary
Hildebrand’s paper on trimorphism in Oxalis ["Über den Trimorphismus in der Gattung Oxalis", Monatsber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (1866): 352–74].
Problems of explaining brightly coloured, attractive seeds.
Haeckel has visited Down.
FM’s climbing plants paper is printed [J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.) 9 (1867): 344–9].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
Date: | [before 10 Dec 1866] |
Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 10) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5261 |
To Fritz Müller 23 May 1866
Summary
Thanks for information on orchids
and facts on coastal flora and fauna.
Asks FM to look out for dimorphic aquatic and marsh plants.
Has read pamphlets "in our favour" by Carl v. Nägeli and Oscar Schmidt.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
Date: | 23 May 1866 |
Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 7) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5097 |
To Fritz Müller [9 and] 15 April [1866]
Summary
Structure of Scaevola and its fertilisation with insect aid.
Fertilisation of Aristolochia.
FM’s paper on climbing plants [see 5146].
Is preparing new edition of Origin.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
Date: | 9 and 15 Apr 1866 |
Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 6) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5050 |
From W. E. Darwin 8 May [1866]
Summary
Describes the floral structure of broom, particularly the form of the varying anthers. Encloses drawings of anthers and pollen.
Author: | William Erasmus Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 8 May [1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 76: B52, 66–72 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3144 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …
From Charles John Robinson [1866?]
Summary
Has a small living at Norton Canon.
Will visit Charles Whitley next week.
Author: | Charles John Robinson |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [1866?] |
Classmark: | DAR 176: 188 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4966 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Canon, Herefordshire, between 1865 and 1877; on his building and restoration works see …
To W. E. Darwin 30 [June 1866]
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Erasmus Darwin |
Date: | 30 [June 1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 185: 17 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5136 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. OED : The Oxford English dictionary. Being a …
From H. E. Darwin [c. 10 May 1866]
Summary
Mogg [John Traherne Moggridge] wants to visit CD.
Self-fertilising orchids.
Author: | Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [c. 10 May 1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 162: 67 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5075 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Orchids : On the various contrivances by …
To Gardeners’ Chronicle [before 10 February 1866]
Summary
Asks botanical readers to inform him "whether in those monoecious or dioecious plants, in which the flowers are widely different, it has ever been observed that half the flower, or only a segment of it, has been of one sex and the other half or segment of the opposite sex, in the same manner as so frequently occurs with insects?"
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Gardeners’ Chronicle |
Date: | [before 10 Feb 1866] |
Classmark: | Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, 10 February 1866, p. 127 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5001 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Notebooks : Charles Darwin’s notebooks, …
From Friedrich Hildebrand 11 May 1866
Summary
Sending his paper on tristyly in Oxalis.
Cannot attend botanical congress, where CD will be vice-president.
Author: | Friedrich Hermann Gustav (Friedrich) Hildebrand |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 11 May 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 203 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5087 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. International Horticultural Exhibition 1866: …
To W. E. Darwin 22 June [1866]
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Erasmus Darwin |
Date: | 22 June [1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 185: 15 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5131 |
From Fritz Müller 1 December 1866
Summary
Gives observations on orchid ovules ripening long after blooming.
Infertility with own pollen sometimes does and sometimes does not indicate dimorphism; gives observations on Ximenia, Eschscholtzia and Oncidium flexuosum.
Describes some striking seeds eaten by birds,
and some new dimorphic species.
Variation in Thillia.
Confirms CD’s suspicion that the lancet-fish [Amphioxus] lives in competition with invertebrates: it shares its habitat with a similar-looking Ophelia, which is quite unlike other annelids, just as the lancet-fish is unlike other fishes.
Author: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 1 Dec 1866 |
Classmark: | Möller ed. 1915–21, 2: 99–102. |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5292A |
From Robert Caspary [after 9 June 1866]
Summary
Data on good and bad pollen-grain yields of different species. Sends sketches of two male Rhamnus catharticus flowers [see Forms of flowers, p. 294].
Author: | Johann Xaver Robert (Robert) Caspary |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [after 9 June 1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 109: A81; DAR 111: B45, B48b, B48c |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10344 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. OED : The Oxford English dictionary. Being a …
From J. T. Moggridge 9 November [1866]
Summary
At CD’s request he is looking into the gardeners’ custom of separating all sweetpea varieties in order to obtain pure seed.
Author: | John Traherne Moggridge |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 9 Nov [1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 171: 201 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5272 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Post Office London directory : Post-Office …
To Fritz Müller [late December 1866 and] 1 January 1867
Summary
Thanks for observations on dimorphic plants. Dimorphism prevalent in certain groups throughout the world.
Retarded fertilisation in certain orchids.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
Date: | 31 Dec 1866 and 1 Jan 1867 |
Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 11) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5331 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. ‘Illegitimate offspring of dimorphic and …
From L. E. Becker 28 December [1866]
Summary
Thanks for "Climbing plants" and other papers [as requested in 5316].
Sends specimens of a variety of Primula not mentioned by CD [in Primula paper, Collected papers 2: 45–63?].
Author: | Lydia Ernestine Becker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 28 Dec [1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 160: 114 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5327 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. ‘Three forms of Lythrum salicaria ’: On the …
To Fritz Müller 23 August [1866]
Summary
Thanks for observations on orchids.
FM’s paper on climbing plants [see 5146]; CD has received proofs.
Carl Claus’s pamphlet on copepods [Die Copepodenfauna von Nizza (1866)].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
Date: | 23 Aug [1866] |
Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 8) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5196 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Orchids : On the various contrivances by …
From George Henslow 7 April 1866
Summary
Sends copies of Science gossip and The leisure hour.
Enjoyed visit.
His criticism of Primula fertility referred to table 2 [Collected papers 2: 56] where weight of seeds produced from good pods by long-styled homostylous cross and short-styled heterostylous cross are virtually identical.
Author: | George Henslow |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 7 Apr 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 157 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5048 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Orchids : On the various contrivances by …
To Gardeners’ Chronicle [before 11 August 1866]
Summary
Asks readers to examine the flowers of Oxalis bowei to observe where the summits of the branching stigmas stand with respect to the two sets of anthers. In CD’s plants the stigmas stand beneath the lower anthers, but he believes two other forms exist: long-styled and mid-styled. Would be grateful for flowers of these types so he can fertilise them and obtain seed.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Gardeners’ Chronicle |
Date: | [before 11 Aug 1866] |
Classmark: | Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette (1866): 756 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5188 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …
From Robert Swinhoe 28 March 1866
Summary
Sends CD comb of the Chinese honey-bee, as requested.
Author: | Robert Swinhoe |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 28 Mar 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 177: 329 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5041 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Hall, Philip B. 1987. Robert Swinhoe (1836–1877), FRS, FZS, FRGS: a Victorian naturalist …
From J. T. Moggridge 3 August [1866]
Summary
Sends packet of Ononis columnae seed and references to the species.
Author: | John Traherne Moggridge |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 3 Aug [1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 111: A86–7 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5175 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Villars, Dominique. 1786–9. Histoire des …
letter | (37) |
Darwin, C. R. | (16) |
Moggridge, J. T. | (5) |
Müller, Fritz | (4) |
Darwin, W. E. | (3) |
Henslow, George | (2) |
Darwin, C. R. | (21) |
Müller, Fritz | (6) |
Darwin, W. E. | (3) |
Gardeners’ Chronicle | (2) |
Hooker, J. D. | (2) |
Darwin, C. R. | (37) |
Müller, Fritz | (10) |
Darwin, W. E. | (6) |
Moggridge, J. T. | (5) |
Darwin, H. E. | (2) |
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 28 hits
- … , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and …
- … from a family that the Darwins had befriended. The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. …
- … of a very heavy shower’, William wrote on 24 August 1877 . ‘The leaves were not at all depressed; …
- … gardeners ( letter from W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 25 August 1877 ). At Down House, Darwin and …
- … a delicate twig’ ( letter to R. I. Lynch, 14 September 1877 ). Research on movement would continue …
- … of some Infusoria’ ( letter from F. J. Cohn, 5 August 1877 ). Francis’s paper eventually appeared …
- … wrote to the editor, George Croom Robertson, on 27 April 1877 , ‘I hope that you will be so good …
- … had written to the editor Ernst Ludwig Krause on 30 June 1877 , ‘I have been much interested by …
- … the German debate (letters to W. E. Gladstone, 2 October 1877 and 25 October [1877] ). …
- … and lively’ ( letter from W. E. Gladstone, 23 October 1877 ). Gifts of German and Dutch …
- … Darwin and Ernst Haeckel). Writing to Darwin on 11 March 1877 , Krause declared the journal ‘an …
- … the director, Adriaan Anthoni van Bemmelen, on 12 February 1877 : ‘I suppose that every worker at …
- … of his 70th year. Darwin was in fact 68 on 12 February 1877. Distinguished guests and …
- … & smooth as butter’ ( letter to C. E. Norton, 16 March 1877 ). Hooker was asked repeatedly by …
- … & me to dejeuner!!!’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 14 June 1877 ). Darwin was staying in …
- … centuries to come’ ( letter from C. C. Graham, 30 January 1877 ). Graham then gave a lengthy …
- … man and of societies’ ( letter from Marcellin de Bonnal, [1877] ). A similar complaint came from …
- … by a duke!’ ( letter to J. M. Rodwell, 3 June 1877 ). Back home, he learned from his brother that …
- … order of the day’ ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 27 January [1877] ). Carlyle’s remarks were …
- … . In a letter from an unknown correspondent on 13 June 1877 , he was criticised for having quoted …
- … monstrosity ( letter from C. T. E. Siebold, 10 October 1877 ). An American banker, William Burrows …
- … back our civilization’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 17 May 1877 ). Bowles proposed that such …
- … of humanity beneath’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 18 May 1877 ). More transitional human …
- … inflexible tails ( letter from Arthur Mellersh, 1 January 1877 ). The American physician Jesse …
- … (Trollope 1867; letter to G. J. Romanes, [1 and 2 December 1877] ). Dispute and …
- … George and Francis. He wrote to Francis on 24 September 1877 about his forthcoming work, Life …
- … value’, he confessed in a letter of 25 November 1877 that the book had ‘resolved itself into a …
- … physical’ ( letter from W. M. Moorsom, 10 September 1877 ). Darwin was doubtful of the elephant …
1877 letters now online
Summary
Flowers, bloom, a son married . . . and a suspended monkey in Cambridge at Darwin's honorary LLD ceremony. The transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877 are now online. Read more about Darwin's life in 1877…
Matches: 1 hits
- … of over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877 are now online. Read more about Darwin& …
Photograph album of German and Austrian scientists
Summary
The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade, and contained 165 portraits of German and Austrian scientists. The work was lavishly produced and bound in blue velvet with metal embossing. Its ornate…
Matches: 7 hits
- … album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade …
- … have ever received ( Letter to Ernst Haeckel, 16 February 1877 ) …
- … the start of his 70th year, but Darwin was only 68 in 1877. Despite this oversight, the album …
- … world.— ( Letter from Leonard Blomefield, 12 March 1877 ) Familiar faces Ernst …
- … with the final album. He wrote to Darwin on 9 February 1877 : ‘what will perhaps astonish you is …
- … worth to give you ( Letter from J. V. Carus, 22 March 1877 ) The professor of …
- … scientific work. ( Letter from C. G. Semper, 26 April 1877 ) Carl Kraus, an …
4.25 'Punch' 1877 re. Cambridge doctorate
Summary
< Back to Introduction Punch often ridiculed Darwin by showing him as a monkey or in other animalistic forms, but in 1877, when he at last received an honorary degree from Cambridge University, it paid its tribute to ‘wisdom’. ‘Punch to Dr. Darwin’…
Matches: 3 hits
Photograph album of Dutch admirers
Summary
Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…
Matches: 5 hits
- … the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the …
- … lasting pleasure. ( Letter to Pieter Harting, 19 March 1877 ) Harting had also written …
- … it states his ‘69th Birthday’, when in fact he was 68 in 1877. It was arranged in alphabetical order …
- … from A. A. van Bemmelen and H. J. Veth, 6 February 1877 ) Dutch correspondents …
- … ( Letter from C. W. Thomson, 30 June 1877 ) Much earlier, in 1861, Tiberius Cornelis …
German and Dutch photograph albums
Summary
Darwin Day 2018: To celebrate Darwin's 209th birthday, we present two lavishly produced albums of portrait photographs which Darwin received from continental admirers 141 years ago. These unusual gifts from Germany and the Netherlands are made…
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 6 hits
- … of plants.’ ( From Friedrich Hildebrand, 18 January 1877 ). Hermann Müller enthused that Darwin’s …
- … my book’ ( To Gardeners’ Chronicle , 19 February [1877] ). In contrast, as Hooker told Darwin, …
- … gloats over it' ( From J. D. Hooker, 27 January 1877 ). Darwin was especially pleased with …
- … have quite eviscerated it’ ( To Asa Gray, 18 February [1877] ). By mid-March 1877, the edition was …
- … index a little altered’ ( To R. F. Cooke, 11 December [1877] ). These changes were necessitated by …
- … wheat that he had studied ( From A. W. Rimpau, 10 December 1877 ). By the end of February 1878, …
Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters
Summary
On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…
Matches: 1 hits
- … tiredness of the later years (e.g. letter to E.M. Dicey, [1877] ). Working …
Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Letter 11074: Sayce, A. H. to Darwin, C. R., 27 July 1877 Darwin’s study of human nature …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … activity at the site of a Roman villa, 15 November 1877 W. T. Thiselton-Dyer's …
Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
Charles Harrison Blackley
Summary
You may not have heard of Charles Harrison Blackley (1820–1900), but if you are one of the 15 million people in the UK who suffer from hay fever, you are indebted to him. For it was he who identified pollen as the cause of the allergy. Darwin was…
Matches: 1 hits
- … grains by a dilution method. In his letter of 9 March 1877 , Darwin wrote: ‘Your calculation of …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…
German poems presented to Darwin
Summary
Experiments in deepest reverence The following poems were enclosed with a photograph album sent as a birthday gift to Charles Darwin by his German and Austrian admirers (see letter from From Emil Rade, [before 16] February 1877). The poems were…
Matches: 6 hits
- … (see letter from From Emil Rade , [before 16] February 1877). The poems were composed by …
- … in Rade’s account of the making of the album (Rade 1877, pp. 39–40), but the others were published …
- … Letter from Emil Rade 1 [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. …
- … From Emil Rade [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. February 1877. …
- … this letter and the letter to Emil Rade, 16 February 1877. 3. The gift was a photograph …
- … Appendix VI. A number of other poems were included in Rade 1877. …
Darwin on race and gender
Summary
Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Treat, 5 January 1872 Letter to [E. M. Dicey?], [1877] Letter to C. A. Kennard …
Darwin in public and private
Summary
Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…
Exercise: Caricatures of Science
Summary
Caricatures provide intriguing insights into both ideals and transgressions of gender. The following six images show caricatured representations of nineteenth-century men and women of science. They provide insight into the boundaries of what was deemed …
Matches: 1 hits
- … Lydia Becker (1877) Caricature of Lydia Becker from …
Movement in Plants
Summary
The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…
Floral Dimorphism
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a series of smaller studies on botanical subjects. Titled The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, it consisted primarily of…
Matches: 5 hits
- … | Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a …
- … findings on floral dimorphism were eventually published in 1877, but these experiments and …
- … SOURCES Book Darwin, C. R. 1877. The different forms of flowers on plants of the …
- … experiment, the class read chapter 1 of Charles Darwin’s 1877 T he Different Forms of …
- … Flowers on Plants of the Same Species (London: John Murray, 1877), 16. [2] Ibid., 30. …
1.14 William Richmond, oil
Summary
< Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma mater for the presentation ceremony…