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From John Scott   5 May [1864]

Summary

Encloses MS of his paper ["On individual sterility of Oncidium", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.) 8 (1865): 162–7].

His next will be on Passiflora, Disemma, and Tacsonia [J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.) 8 (1865): 197–206].

When he receives proofs of his Primula paper he will add CD’s case about equal-styled cowslip.

Author:  John Scott
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  5 May [1864]
Classmark:  DAR 177: 105
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4485

Matches: 2 hits

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. ‘Illegitimate offspring of dimorphic and …
  • … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Variation : The variation of animals and …

From G. C. Oxenden   4 August [1864?]

Summary

A minute black beetle visits the flowers of Epipactis grandiflora.

Author:  George Chichester Oxenden
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  4 Aug [1864?]
Classmark:  DAR 173: 67
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4583

Matches: 1 hit

  • … fertilised by insects. By Charles Darwin. 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. …

From C. C. Babington   6 June 1864

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Summary

Cannot get any Stellaria graminea for CD. It is rare. Some, producing different kinds of flowers, once grew in Sandgate, Kent. Variations in flowers need to be re-examined.

Author:  Charles Cardale Babington
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  6 June 1864
Classmark:  DAR 160: 8
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4521

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Marginalia : Charles Darwin’s marginalia. …

From W. E. Darwin   18 May [1864]

Summary

Sends Pulmonaria anthers, with measurements of styles and pollen counts.

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  18 May [1864]
Classmark:  DAR 110: A83–6, A94
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4500

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …

From G. C. Oxenden   1 August 1864

Summary

Spent two days watching Epipactis palustris in a bog. Never saw a moth.

Thinks "Suddenism" and not "Graduality" is the great Law of Nature.

Author:  George Chichester Oxenden
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Aug 1864
Classmark:  DAR 173: 62, 66
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4581

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Orchids : On the various contrivances by …

From W. E. Darwin   [30 April 1864]

Summary

[Outline sketches of pollen from long- and short-styled yellow cowslips and from red cowslip, magnified 350x.]

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [30 Apr 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 108: 84
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4478

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. ‘Illegitimate offspring of dimorphic and …

From William Marshall   12 June 1864

Summary

Informs CD of two distinct forms of Plantago lanceolata.

Author:  William Marshall
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 June 1864
Classmark:  DAR 109: A88–9
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4530

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Marshall, William. 1852. Excessive and …

From W. E. Darwin   12 May [1864]

Summary

Observations on style length of 150 flowers of Pulmonaria [angustifolia]. [See Forms of flowers, p. 105.]

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 May [1864]
Classmark:  DAR 110: A66–7
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4492

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …

From W. E. Darwin   18 April 1864

Summary

CD is right about variability [of Pulmonaria]. Encloses observations and diagrams of additional plants.

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  18 Apr 1864
Classmark:  DAR 110: A77–81b
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4466

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …

From Robert Swinhoe   4 April 1864

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Summary

Reports on a strange breed of sheep at Aden,

a Brazilian plant naturalised in Ceylon,

the Australian Casuarina equisetum spreading in Taiwan,

and an excrescence on wing of several thrushes of Taiwan similar to a growth on wing of a Syrian species.

Author:  Robert Swinhoe
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  4 Apr 1864
Classmark:  DAR 205.2 (Letters): 254–5
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4449

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Hall, Philip B. 1987. Robert Swinhoe (1836–1877), FRS, FZS, FRGS: a Victorian naturalist …

From William Erasmus Darwin   [15 March 1864]

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Summary

Has drawn all three forms of primroses CD sent "with same result". Has found no pink variety with middle style.

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [15 Mar 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 108: 85, 173–4
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4416

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. ‘Illegitimate offspring of dimorphic and …

From Henry Trimen   10 May 1864

Summary

Cannot give information about the box of Oxalis bulbs that his brother [Roland Trimen] has forwarded to CD.

Author:  Henry Trimen
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  10 May 1864
Classmark:  DAR 178: 183
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4491

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …

From John Scott   16 May [1864]

Summary

Thanks for communicating Oncidium sterility paper [see 4485] to Linnean Society.

Surprised that CD’s seedlings of non-dimorphic cowslip breed true.

Surprised also that the red primrose he sent reverts to wild form. He had reasoned from red’s infertility with yellow that it was an established variety. Tries to correlate inheritance of colour and sterility between varieties.

Author:  John Scott
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  16 May [1864]
Classmark:  DAR 177: 106
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4498

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. General index to the Journal of the Linnean …

From Lucy Caroline Wedgwood   [6 June 1864]

Summary

Sends observations on seeds of Pulmonaria officinalis requested by CD.

Author:  Lucy Caroline Wedgwood; Lucy Caroline Harrison
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [6 June 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 110: A60–1
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4523

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …

From William Bennett   29 April 1864

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Summary

Will send grasses CD asked about.

Reports observations on brood of Australian chicks he is hatching.

Author:  William Bennett
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  29 Apr 1864
Classmark:  DAR 160: 146
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4475

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. Journal of researches : Journal of researches …

From W. E. Darwin   14 April [1864]

Summary

Observations on [length of style and length of filament and stigmas of] Pulmonaria.

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  14 Apr [1864]
Classmark:  DAR 110: A68–74
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4462

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. ‘Illegitimate offspring of dimorphic and …

From John Scott   28 March 1864

Summary

Surprised at CD’s account of Bryanthus.

H. Crüger’s approach to Gongora fertilisation is beset with difficulties.

Reports his work on self-sterility of Oncidium.

Author:  John Scott
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  28 Mar 1864
Classmark:  DAR 177: 103
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4438

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Orchids : On the various contrivances by …

From W. E. Darwin   [19 May 1864]

Summary

Sends specimens of Menyanthes with observations and drawings [see Forms of flowers, p. 115].

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [19 May 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 110: B43–7
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4502

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of flowers on plants of the same species. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. …

From W. E. Darwin   22 March [1864]

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Summary

Sends drawings of the pollen from Chinese Primula plants with styles and pistils of different lengths; observations on sizes and condition of their pollen.

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  22 Mar [1864]
Classmark:  DAR 108: 86–7, 175–7
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4434

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1877. ‘Illegitimate offspring of dimorphic and …

From John Scott   19 March 1864

Summary

On fertilisation of Gongora.

His work on peloric Antirrhinum, Passiflora, and Verbascum, done at CD’s suggestion, is at CD’s disposal.

Author:  John Scott
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  19 Mar 1864
Classmark:  DAR 177: 102
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4432

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877. Orchids : On the various contrivances by …
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Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours

Summary

Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…

Matches: 28 hits

  • … , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and …
  • … from a family that the Darwins had befriended. The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. …
  • … of a very heavy shower’, William wrote on 24 August 1877 . ‘The leaves were not at all depressed; …
  • … gardeners ( letter from W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 25 August 1877 ). At Down House, Darwin and …
  • … a delicate twig’ ( letter to R. I. Lynch, 14 September 1877 ). Research on movement would continue …
  • … of some Infusoria’ ( letter from F. J. Cohn, 5 August 1877 ). Francis’s paper eventually appeared …
  • … wrote to the editor, George Croom Robertson, on 27 April 1877 , ‘I hope that you will be so good …
  • … had written to the editor Ernst Ludwig Krause on 30 June 1877 , ‘I have been much interested by …
  • … the German debate (letters to W. E. Gladstone, 2 October 1877 and 25 October [1877] ). …
  • … and lively’ ( letter from W. E. Gladstone, 23 October 1877 ). Gifts of German and Dutch …
  • … Darwin and Ernst Haeckel). Writing to Darwin on 11 March 1877 , Krause declared the journal ‘an …
  • … the director, Adriaan Anthoni van Bemmelen, on 12 February 1877 : ‘I suppose that every worker at …
  • … of his 70th year. Darwin was in fact 68 on 12 February 1877. Distinguished guests and …
  • … & smooth as butter’ ( letter to C. E. Norton, 16 March 1877 ). Hooker was asked repeatedly by …
  • … & me to dejeuner!!!’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 14 June 1877 ). Darwin was staying in …
  • … centuries to come’ ( letter from C. C. Graham, 30 January 1877 ). Graham then gave a lengthy …
  • … man and of societies’ ( letter from Marcellin de Bonnal, [1877] ). A similar complaint came from …
  • … by a duke!’ ( letter to J. M. Rodwell, 3 June 1877 ). Back home, he learned from his brother that …
  • … order of the day’ ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 27 January [1877] ).  Carlyle’s remarks were …
  • … . In a letter from an unknown correspondent on 13 June 1877 , he was criticised for having quoted …
  • … monstrosity ( letter from C. T. E. Siebold, 10 October 1877 ). An American banker, William Burrows …
  • … back our civilization’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 17 May 1877 ). Bowles proposed that such …
  • … of humanity beneath’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 18 May 1877 ). More transitional human …
  • … inflexible tails ( letter from Arthur Mellersh, 1 January 1877 ). The American physician Jesse …
  • … (Trollope 1867; letter to G. J. Romanes, [1 and 2 December 1877] ). Dispute and …
  • … George and Francis. He wrote to Francis on 24 September 1877 about his forthcoming work, Life …
  • … value’, he confessed in a letter of 25 November 1877 that the book had ‘resolved itself into a …
  • … physical’ ( letter from W. M. Moorsom, 10 September 1877 ). Darwin was doubtful of the elephant …

1877 letters now online

Summary

Flowers, bloom, a son married . . . and a suspended monkey in Cambridge at Darwin's honorary LLD ceremony. The transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877 are now online. Read more about Darwin's life in 1877…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of  over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877  are now online. Read more about  Darwin& …

Photograph album of German and Austrian scientists

Summary

The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade, and contained 165 portraits of German and Austrian scientists. The work was lavishly produced and bound in blue velvet with metal embossing. Its ornate…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade …
  • … have ever received ( Letter to Ernst Haeckel, 16 February 1877 )     …
  • … the start of his 70th year, but Darwin was only 68 in 1877. Despite this oversight, the album …
  • … world.— ( Letter from Leonard Blomefield, 12 March 1877 ) Familiar faces Ernst …
  • … with the final album. He wrote to Darwin on 9 February 1877 : ‘what will perhaps astonish you is …
  • … worth to give you ( Letter from J. V. Carus, 22 March 1877 )  The professor of …
  • … scientific work. ( Letter from C. G. Semper, 26 April 1877 ) Carl Kraus, an …

4.25 'Punch' 1877 re. Cambridge doctorate

Summary

< Back to Introduction Punch often ridiculed Darwin by showing him as a monkey or in other animalistic forms, but in 1877, when he at last received an honorary degree from Cambridge University, it paid its tribute to ‘wisdom’. ‘Punch to Dr. Darwin’…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … him as a monkey or in other animalistic forms, but in 1877, when he at last received an honorary …
  • … a celebratory speech at the award ceremony on 17 November 1877. The capital ‘O’ of the first line of …
  • … date of creation late November 1877 
 computer-readable date c.1877-11-18 to 1877-11-30  …

Photograph album of Dutch admirers

Summary

Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the …
  • … lasting pleasure. ( Letter to Pieter Harting, 19 March 1877 ) Harting had also written …
  • … it states his ‘69th Birthday’, when in fact he was 68 in 1877. It was arranged in alphabetical order …
  • … from A. A. van Bemmelen and H. J.  Veth, 6 February 1877 ) Dutch correspondents …
  • … ( Letter from C. W. Thomson, 30 June 1877 ) Much earlier, in 1861, Tiberius Cornelis …

German and Dutch photograph albums

Summary

Darwin Day 2018: To celebrate Darwin's 209th birthday, we present two lavishly produced albums of portrait photographs which Darwin received from continental admirers 141 years ago. These unusual gifts from Germany and the Netherlands are made…

Matches: 3 hits

  • …   In 1877, Charles Darwin was sent some unusual birthday presents: two lavishly …
  • … conferred on me ( Letter to Otto Zacharias, [24 February 1877] ) The two albums …
  • … sympathy. ( Letter to A. A. van Bemmelen, 12 February 1877 )  View the Dutch album …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … of plants.’ ( From Friedrich Hildebrand, 18 January 1877 ). Hermann Müller enthused that Darwin’s …
  • … my book’ ( To  Gardeners’ Chronicle , 19 February [1877] ). In contrast, as Hooker told Darwin, …
  • … gloats over it' ( From J. D. Hooker, 27 January 1877 ). Darwin was especially pleased with …
  • … have quite eviscerated it’ ( To Asa Gray, 18 February [1877] ). By mid-March 1877, the edition was …
  • … index a little altered’ ( To R. F. Cooke, 11 December [1877] ). These changes were necessitated by …
  • … wheat that he had studied ( From A. W. Rimpau, 10 December 1877 ). By the end of February 1878, …

Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters

Summary

On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … tiredness of the later years (e.g. letter to E.M. Dicey, [1877] ). Working …

Language: key letters

Summary

How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 11074: Sayce, A. H. to Darwin, C. R., 27 July 1877 Darwin’s study of human nature …

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … activity at the site of a Roman villa,  15 November 1877 W. T. Thiselton-Dyer's …

Have you read the one about....

Summary

... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …

Charles Harrison Blackley

Summary

You may not have heard of Charles Harrison Blackley (1820–1900), but if you are one of the 15 million people in the UK who suffer from hay fever, you are indebted to him. For it was he who identified pollen as the cause of the allergy. Darwin was…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … grains by a dilution method.  In his letter of 9 March 1877 , Darwin wrote: ‘Your calculation of …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to …
  • … and forenames Occupation Age in 1877 Residence Date …
  • … Leiden 13 June 1823 Rotterdam 2 June 1877 Zoeterwoude …
  • … 5 October 1808 Wildenborch 4 June 1877 Klein Dochteren …

German poems presented to Darwin

Summary

Experiments in deepest reverence The following poems were enclosed with a photograph album sent as a birthday gift to Charles Darwin by his German and Austrian admirers (see letter from From Emil Rade, [before 16] February 1877). The poems were…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … (see letter from From Emil Rade , [before 16] February 1877). The poems were composed by …
  • … in Rade’s account of the making of the album (Rade 1877, pp. 39–40), but the others were published …
  • … Letter from Emil Rade 1    [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. …
  • … From Emil Rade   [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. February 1877. …
  • … this letter and the letter to Emil Rade, 16 February 1877. 3. The gift was a photograph …
  • … Appendix VI. A number of other poems were included in Rade 1877.   …

Darwin on race and gender

Summary

Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Treat, 5 January 1872 Letter to [E. M. Dicey?], [1877] Letter to C. A. Kennard …

Darwin in public and private

Summary

Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 10746 – Darwin to Dicey, E. M., [1877] Darwin gives his opinion on the …
  • … Letter 11267f – Darwin, S. to Darwin, [3 December 1877] Darwin’s daughter-in-law …

Exercise: Caricatures of Science

Summary

Caricatures provide intriguing insights into both ideals and transgressions of gender. The following six images show caricatured representations of nineteenth-century men and women of science. They provide insight into the boundaries of what was deemed …

Matches: 1 hits

  • …   Lydia Becker (1877) Caricature of Lydia Becker from …

Movement in Plants

Summary

The power of movement in plants, published on 7 November 1880, was the final large botanical work that Darwin wrote. It was the only work in which the assistance of one of his children, Francis Darwin, is mentioned on the title page. The research for this…

Matches: 3 hits

  • …   ‘Very curious results’ In May 1877, Darwin asked one of his most trusted …
  • … of movement ( letter from R. I. Lynch, [before 28 July 1877] ). ‘ I do not believe I sh d . …
  • … those of Gray, who had written an article on the subject in 1877 (A. Gray 1877e). Gray had reported …

Floral Dimorphism

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a series of smaller studies on botanical subjects. Titled The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, it consisted primarily of…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … | Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a …
  • … findings on floral dimorphism were eventually published in 1877, but these experiments and …
  • … SOURCES Book Darwin, C. R. 1877. The different forms of flowers on plants of the …
  • … experiment, the class read chapter 1 of Charles Darwin’s 1877 T he Different Forms of …
  • … Flowers on Plants of the Same Species (London: John Murray, 1877), 16. [2] Ibid., 30. …

1.14 William Richmond, oil

Summary

< Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma mater for the presentation ceremony…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma …
  • … bibliography ‘University News’, Observer (18 Nov. 1877), p. 6. ‘Mr. Darwin at Cambridge’, …
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