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Darwin Correspondence Project

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To E. R. Lankester 22 March [1871]

Summary

Asks for photograph of pointed ear of ERL’s friend.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Edwin Ray Lankester
Date:	22 Mar [1871]
Classmark:	DAR 146: 30, LL 3: 138, 200
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7612

Matches: 9 hits

… To E. R. Lankester 22 March [1871] …
… DAR 146: 30, LL 3: 138, 200 Charles Robert Darwin Down 22 Mar [1871] Edwin Ray Lankester …
… appeared in the Athenæum ( [Leifchild] 1871 ). The beginning and end of the letter are …
… in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. [Leifchild, …
… John R. ] 1871. Review of Descent . …
… Athenæum 4 March 1871, pp. 275–7. LL : The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including …
… the letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 . Lankester’s note has not been found, but …
… see letter from E. R. Lankester, 17 April [1871] . The friend referred to was Hinrich …
… letter from E. R. Lankester, 17 April [1871] ). Thomas Woolner’s drawing of a human ear …

To Francis Darwin [28 February 1871]

Summary

Says Descent is "selling like Mad.––" Murray will print another 1500 or 2000 copies. Has received £630 for the 2500.

On Monday he visited Mivart, who is a charming man.

He seemed to be taken aback by CD’s points about the larynx and giraffe.

[See 7507 and 7519.]

He seemed to have forgotten CD’s argument regarding the formation of the greyhound.

Discussed the larynx and the silence of the Cetaceans.

If FD mentions any of this to [Marlborough Robert] Pryor, ask him not to mention it to anyone else "as it is perhaps rather a breach of confidence to repeat even to friends private conversation."

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	[28 Feb 1871]
Classmark:	DAR 271.4: 2 and 4
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7520A

Matches: 11 hits

… To Francis Darwin [28 February 1871] …
… write a review of Mivart 1871a (see letter to Francis Darwin, 21 May [1871] ). See also …
… letter to Francis Darwin, [after 21 January 1871] . …
… 271.4: 2 and 4 Charles Robert Darwin London, Queen Anne St, 6 [28 Feb 1871] Francis Darwin …
… Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Freeman, Richard Broke. 1977. The works …
… Street, London, from 23 February to 2 March 1871 (CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)); the only …
… 28 February. In his letter of 27 February [1871] , John Murray had written that the first …
… See letter from John Murray, 23 February [1871] . CD refers to St George Jackson Mivart ( …
… see letter from St G. J. Mivart, 24 February [1871] . See …
… letter to Francis Darwin, [after 21 January 1871] and n. 8. The animals …
… to Francis Darwin, [after 21 January 1871] and n. 5 (on the whale), n. 6 (on mammary …

To A. R. Wallace 16 March 1871

Summary

Appreciative response to ARW’s "grand review" of Descent in the Academy [2 (1871–2): 177–82]. Comments in detail on ARW’s criticisms.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Alfred Russel Wallace
Date:	16 Mar 1871
Classmark:	The British Library (Add MS 46434)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7589

Matches: 12 hits

… To A. R. Wallace 16 March 1871 …
… Cutts Birchall Appleton . See letter from A. R. Wallace, 11 March 1871 and n. 3. …
… Library (Add MS 46434) Charles Robert Darwin Down 16 Mar 1871 Alfred Russel Wallace …
… grand review" of Descent in the Academy [2 (1871–2): 177–82]. Comments in detail on ARW’s …
… Down. | Beckenham | Kent. S.E. Mar 16 1871 My dear Wallace I have just read your grand …
… Wallace reviewed Descent in the 15 March 1871 issue of Academy ( Wallace 1871c ). …
… secretary, stayed at Down from 13 to 16 March 1871. Wallace had chided CD for caricaturing …
… see letter from A. R. Wallace, 11 March 1871 and n. 4). For Wallace and CD’s ongoing …
… the letter from G. R. Crotch, 19 [February 1871] for Crotch’s objections to Wallace’s …
… Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Lyell, Charles. 1867–8. Principles of …
… his planned garden (see letter from A. R. Wallace, 11 March 1871 and n. 5). See letter …
… from A. R. Wallace, [15 March 1871] and n. 1. In his presidential address to the …

From E. M. Bonham-Carter to H. E. Darwin [23 June 1871]

Summary

Observations on expression of her dog for CD.

Author:	Elinor Mary Bonham-Carter; Elinor Mary Dicey
Addressee:	Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield
Date:	[23 June 1871]
Classmark:	DAR 160: 242
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7785

Matches: 9 hits

… From E. M. Bonham-Carter to H. E. Darwin [23 June 1871] …
… Carter/Elinor Mary Dicey unstated [23 June 1871] Henrietta Emma Darwin/Henrietta Emma …
… which took place at the Crystal Palace on 20, 22, and 24 June 1871 ( The Times , …
… 24 June 1871, p. …
… 5). In 1871, 24 June fell on a Friday. …
… Riviere to E. M. Bonham Carter, 26 June 1871 , and by the dates of the Handel Festival ( …
… Bonham-Carter to Emma Darwin? , [2–5 June 1871] , for Bonham- Carter’s earlier report on …
… Riviere to E. M. Bonham Carter, 26 June 1871 . Bonham-Carter may refer to the dog show …
… E. M. Bonham-Carter to Emma Darwin? , [2–5 June 1871] and n. 4). Bonham-Carter refers …

From J. D. Hooker 20 October 1871

Summary

JDH has no intention of resigning. Thinks W. E. Gladstone would rather see Ayrton turned out than himself. Gladstone knows JDH has friends who would be troublesome. Only moral and political cowardice of Cabinet keeps Ayrton in office.

Lyell is much altered since autumn.

Has CD read Charles Martins’ paper on the glacial origin of the tourbières of the Jura [Arch. Sci. Phys. & Nat. 42 (1871): 286–308]?

John Scott has an admirable series on horticulture in Bengal ["Notes on horticulture in Bengal", J. Agric. & Hortic. Soc. India 2 (1871) pt 1: 241–96; 3 (1872) pt 1: 1–82].

Author:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	20 Oct 1871
Classmark:	DAR 103: 87–92
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-8024

Matches: 10 hits

… From J. D. Hooker 20 October 1871 …
… DAR 103: 87–92 Joseph Dalton Hooker Kew 20 Oct 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
… in Bengal", J. Agric. & Hortic. Soc. India 2 (1871) pt 1: 241–96; 3 (1872) pt 1: 1–82]. …
… D. Hooker, 29 [June 1871] ). Hooker …
… to Charles Frédéric Martins and Martins 1871 . Tourbière : peat-bog (French). Hooker …
… the Jura [ Arch. Sci. Phys. & Nat. 42 (1871): 286–308]? John Scott has an admirable series …
… See letter to J. D. Hooker, 20 [October 1871] . Hooker refers to Henry Holland , William …
… Acton Smee Ayrton . See letter from J. D. Hooker, [2 October 1871] and n. 10. Hooker …
… the account of his expedition to Morocco in 1871) and Bentham and Hooker 1862 –83. Hooker …
… Lyell ; Charles Lyell had been unwell since at least June 1871 (see letter to J. …

To James Crichton-Browne 20 February [1871]

Summary

JC-B’s MS most useful.

P. Gratiolet’s observations on contraction and dilation of pupils of eye of a person in extreme terror. Has JC-B ever observed this? Expression has been his hobby-horse for 30 years.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	James Crichton-Browne
Date:	20 Feb [1871]
Classmark:	DAR 143: 334
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7499

Matches: 13 hits

… To James Crichton-Browne 20 February [1871] …
… DAR 143: 334 Charles Robert Darwin Down 20 Feb [1871] James Crichton-Browne …
… Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Ekman, Paul. 1998. Introduction, afterword, and …
… from James Crichton-Browne, 16 February 1871 , and by the reference to CD’s visit to …
… see n. 7 below). See letter from James Crichton-Browne, 16 February 1871 and n. 3. …
… See enclosure to letter from James Crichton-Browne, 16 February 1871 . See enclosure …
… from James Crichton-Browne, 16 February 1871 . In Expression , p. 156, CD wrote: ‘We must …
… Browne (see letter to James Crichton-Browne, 8 February 1871 , and letter from James …
… Crichton-Browne, 19 February 1871 ). CD probably refers to Descent part I, which comprises …
… See enclosure to letter from James Crichton-Browne, 16 February 1871 and nn. 8 and 9. …
… from James Crichton-Browne, 16 February 1871 . CD used only one photograph supplied by …
… Darwin’s diary (DAR 242), the family went up to London on Thursday 23 February 1871. See …
… from James Crichton-Browne, 16 February 1871 . No notes from James Paget on discoloration …

To A. G. Butler 1 July [1871]

Summary

Thanks AGB for "various notes".

Would like to hear his views about the Brahmaea.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Arthur Gardiner Butler
Date:	1 July [1871]
Classmark:	Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (General Special Collections MSS DAR 68)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7845

Matches: 8 hits

… To A. G. Butler 1 July [1871] …
… Collections MSS DAR 68) Charles Robert Darwin Down 1 July [1871] Arthur Gardiner Butler …
… Museum . CD had visited London from 24 to 30 June 1871 (CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). …
… this letter and the letter from A. G. Butler, 29 June 1871 . See letters from A. …
… G. Butler, 2 June 1871 and …
… 29 June 1871 . See letter from A. …
… G. Butler, 29 June 1871 and n. 2. CD probably refers to …
… the letter from A. G. Butler, 2 June 1871 . Butler was an assistant in the zoological …

To F. C. Donders 19 June 1871

Summary

Thanks FCD for information about eyes [for Expression].

Must interrupt work on the subject to prepare new edition of Origin [6th].

Comments on gift of a new work by FCD [possibly "Die Projection der Gesichtserscheinung nach der Richtungslinien", Arch. Opthalmol. 17 (1871) Abt. 2: 1–68].

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders
Date:	19 June 1871
Classmark:	American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7824

Matches: 8 hits

… To F. C. Donders 19 June 1871 …
… Mss.B.D25. ) Charles Robert Darwin Down 19 June 1871 Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) …
… from F. C. Donders, 16 June 1871 and n. 9. …
… Gesichtserscheinung nach der Richtungslinien", Arch. Opthalmol. 17 (1871) Abt. 2: 1–68]. …
… Down. Beckenham. | Kent June 19 1871. My dear Professor Donders I cannot thank you too …
… See letter from F. C. Donders, 16 June 1871 . In Expression , p. 229, CD cited Donders …
… edition of Origin from 18 June to 29 October 1871, but was ill for part of that time (see …
… to Donders 1864 (see letter from F. C. Donders, 16 June 1871 and n. 6). See letter …

To J. D. Hooker 29 [June 1871]

Summary

Delighted to hear from Lyell of JDH’s return from successful ascent of the Atlas Mts.

Fears JDH found no Madeira or Canary types, but CD is pleased at his moraine discovery.

Thinks Lyell’s health is serious.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:	29 [June 1871]
Classmark:	DAR 94: 195–6
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7838

Matches: 10 hits

… To J. D. Hooker 29 [June 1871] …
… see the letter from J. D. Hooker, 3 July 1871 . …
… 195–6 Charles Robert Darwin London, Queen Anne St, 6 29 [June 1871] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
… relationship between this letter and the letter from J. D. Hooker, 3 July 1871 . Hooker …
… visited Charles Lyell on 25 June 1871 on his return from a trip …
… to Morocco between April and June 1871 (see letter from J. …
… D. Hooker, 3 July 1871 ). Lyell evidently reported to CD that Hooker had not found any …
… see letter from J. D. Hooker, 19 March 1871 and n. 4). In his account of the journey ( …
… 242), CD was at Haredene in Albury, Surrey, from 28 July to 25 August 1871. No record of …
… Hooker’s visiting CD in the summer of 1871 has been found. For more on Lyell’ s health, …

From Eduard Koch 14 April 1871

Summary

Sends German edition of Descent, vol. 1. Expects good sale. Hopes CD will offer him additional books to publish.

Author:	Eduard Koch; E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	14 Apr 1871
Classmark:	DAR 169: 46
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7686

Matches: 10 hits

… From Eduard Koch 14 April 1871 …
… Koch E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Stuttgart 14 Apr 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
… by CD. The second volume of Carus trans. 1871 evidently appeared in June (see letter from …
… J. V. Carus, 28 May 1871 ). …
… and selection in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. …
… Stuttgart den 14 April 1871 Hochgeehrter Herr! Heute gab ich ein Packet zur Post …
… German, see Transcript. Carus trans. 1871, vol. 1. Neither copy is in the Darwin …
… Down. John Murray had produced a second printing of Descent in March 1871 (see letter to …
… John Murray, 23 March [1871] and n. 1). Eduard Koch and E. Schweizerbart’sche …
… Stuttgart 14 April 1871 Dear Sir! Today I posted a packet containing two copies of the …

To Chauncey Wright 17 July [1871]

Summary

Wishes to republish CW’s review as pamphlet [Darwinism (1871)].

Two sons will visit America. Hopes they may call on CW.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Chauncey Wright
Date:	17 July [1871]
Classmark:	American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7869

Matches: 8 hits

… To Chauncey Wright 17 July [1871] …
… Society (Mss.B.D25. ) Charles Robert Darwin Down 17 July [1871] Chauncey Wright …
… CW’s review as pamphlet [ Darwinism (1871)]. Two sons will visit America. Hopes they may …
… see letter from R. F. Cooke, 18 August 1871 . CD refers to George Howard and Francis …
… Darwin . See letter to Asa Gray, 16 July [1871] and n. 2. …
… between this letter and the letter to Chauncey Wright, 13 and 14 July [1871] . In his …
… letter to Wright of 13 and 14 July [1871] , CD had suggested reprinting Wright’s review of …
… letter to Chauncey Wright, 13 and 14 July [1871] and n. 6. John Murray did break his rule …

To H. E. Litchfield 2 December [1871]

Summary

Sends MS chapter on voice from Expression to HL for examination.

Agrees with R. B. Litchfield about Herbert Spencer’s views on speech and music.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield
Date:	2 Dec [1871]
Classmark:	DAR 185: 35
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-8089

Matches: 12 hits

… To H. E. Litchfield 2 December [1871] …
… 35 Charles Robert Darwin Down 2 Dec [1871] Henrietta Emma Darwin/Henrietta Emma Litchfield …
… colleagues ( see letter to H. E. Litchfield, [after 5] November 1871 and n. 4). …
… during a European tour following her wedding in August 1871 ( J. Browne 2002 , p. 358). …
… of Expression , which was begun in January 1871 and published in November 1872 (CD’s ‘ …
… H. E. Litchfield, [before 2 December 1871] and n. 3. The Litchfields lived in lodgings …
… from R. B. Litchfield, [before 2 December 1871]. He later sent CD ‘some sentences out of …
… Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Expression : The expression of the emotions in …
… in London between 14 and 22 December 1871 (CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). See memorandum …
… from R. B. Litchfield, [before 2 December 1871]. In Descent 2: 330–7, CD had argued that …
… Litchfield’s memorandum of [before 2 December 1871] commented on Herbert Spencer’s essay ‘ …
… of the memorandum of [before 2 December 1871]. CD’s son George Howard Darwin referred to …

From James Crichton-Browne 18 August 1871

Summary

Sends CD a volume of West Riding Lunatic Asylum Medical Reports [1 (1871)], which contains some observations on blushing.

Author:	James Crichton-Browne
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	18 Aug 1871
Classmark:	DAR 161: 317
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7910

Matches: 7 hits

… From James Crichton-Browne 18 August 1871 …
… 317 James Crichton-Browne West Riding Asylum, Wakefield 18 Aug 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
… West Riding Lunatic Asylum Medical Reports [1 (1871)], which contains some observations on …
… recent request for information was in his letters to Crichton-Browne of 9 April [1871] and …
… 12 April 1871. CD published on blushing in chapter 13 of Expression . …
… Riding Asylum, | Wakefield. 18 th . August. 1871. My dear Sir, May I beg your acceptance …
… resultant flushing of the skin (Aldridge 1871, pp. 93–9). Crichton-Browne had sent notes …

Fraser, George. 1871. Sexual selection. Nature, 20 April 1871, p. 489.

Matches: 2 hits

… Fraser, George. 1871. Sexual selection. …
… Nature , 20 April 1871, p. 489. SF3 P340:1.b.95 16,19 …

[Matthew, Patrick.] 1871. Review of Descent. Scotsman, 9 March 1871, p. 5.

Matches: 2 hits

… Matthew, Patrick. ] 1871. Review of Descent . …
… Scotsman , 9 March 1871, p. 5. Microfilm P172 19 …

To E. B. Tylor 30 April [1871]

Summary

Thanks EBT for present of Primitive culture [1871]. Feels certain he will regret not having read it before writing Descent.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Edward Burnett Tylor
Date:	30 Apr [1871]
Classmark:	The British Library (Add MS 50254: 37–8)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7727

Matches: 8 hits

… To E. B. Tylor 30 April [1871] …
… Library (Add MS 50254: 37–8) Charles Robert Darwin Down 30 Apr [1871] Edward Burnett Tylor …
… EBT for present of Primitive culture [1871]. Feels certain he will regret not having read …
… Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Expression : The expression of the emotions in …
… CD’s annotated copy of Tylor 1871 is in the Darwin Library–CUL (see Marginalia 1: 810). …
… pp. 88, 214, and 260. In CD’s copy of Tylor 1871 (see n. 1, above), there is a note from …
… was published. The second chapter of Tylor 1871 , vol. 1, discussed the development of …
… Publishing. 1990. Tylor, Edward Burnett. 1871. Primitive culture: researches into the …

From G. H. Darwin [13 June 1871]

Summary

Reports the passing of [Universities Tests] Bill and the consequent end to a bother.

Author:	George Howard Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	[13 June 1871]
Classmark:	DAR 210.2: 20
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7818

Matches: 11 hits

… From G. H. Darwin [13 June 1871] …
… 210.2: 20 George Howard Darwin New University Club [13 June 1871] Charles Robert Darwin …
… see n. 2, below). The Tuesday before 16 June 1871 was 13 June. The reference is to the …
… Tests Bill, which was passed by the House of Lords on 13 June 1871 ( The Times , …
… 14 June 1871, p. 9) …
… and received Royal Assent on Friday 16 June 1871 (Universities …
… Tests Act 1871 (Vict. 34, c. 26)). The act abolished all declarations and oaths …
… the summer recess. Queen Victoria went to Balmoral on 17 May 1871 for about five weeks ( …
… The Times , 17 May 1871, p. 9). Royal assent …
… to the Bill was given ‘by commission’ at the House of Lords on 16 June 1871 ( The Times , …
… 17 June 1871, p. 9). The ‘limited mail’ was a mail train that carried a limited number of …

From F. E. Abbot 11 May 1871

Summary

Wishes to inform CD that, contrary to CD’s impression, natural selection is widely accepted in U. S. by educated men; encloses copies of his lectures, papers, and the Index.

Author:	Francis Ellingwood Abbot
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	11 May 1871
Classmark:	DAR 159: 1
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7753

Matches: 11 hits

… From F. E. Abbot 11 May 1871 …
… DAR 159: 1 Francis Ellingwood Abbot Toledo, Ohio 11 May 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
… found. CD had enclosed four photographs with his letter to C. L. Balch, 15 April 1871 . …
… Thomas Scott. Abbot, Francis Ellingwood. 1871. The intuitional and scientific schools …
… of free religion. [Read 5 February 1871. ] Index 2: 113–15. Arnold, Matthew. 1963. Culture …
… Toledo, Ohio, United States, May 11, 1871. Mr. Chas. Darwin; Dear Sir, Will you pardon a …
… See letter to C. L. Balch, 15 April 1871 . Abbot refers to Alfred Russel Wallace and …
… Arminius, Baron von Thunder-ten-Tronkh (1871) by Matthew Arnold , in which ‘Geist’ (mind …
… schools of free religion’ on 5 February 1871 as part of a series of Sunday afternoon …
… in the Horticultural Hall, Boston. It was published in the Index , 15 April 1871 ( …
… Abbot 1871 ). Abbot also refers to his pamphlet Truths for the times ( Abbot [1870] ). …

From J. K. Fowler 9 October 1871

Summary

Is preparing paper on breeding ["Breeding facts and principles", J. Farmers’ Club (1871): 45–53]. Seeks CD’s advice and assistance. Believes male parent influences external appearance and female the internal organisation.

Author:	John Kersley Fowler
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	9 Oct 1871
Classmark:	DAR 164: 169
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7998

Matches: 8 hits

… From J. K. Fowler 9 October 1871 …
… DAR 164: 169 John Kersley Fowler Aylesbury 9 Oct 1871 Charles Robert Darwin …
… facts and principles", J. Farmers’ Club (1871): 45–53]. Seeks CD’s advice and assistance. …
… Smithfield Club cattle show was open to the public from 5 to 8 December 1871 ( The Times , …
… 5 December 1871, p. 8). No reply from CD has been found. …
… Prebendal Farms | Aylesbury Oct br . 9 th . 1871. Charles Darwin Esq r . F.R.S. Dear …
… Thirsk ed. 1967–2000, 7 (pt 1): 652). The meeting of 4 December 1871 was reported in the …
… Ipswich Journal , 9 December 1871, supplement p. 1. Abraham Dee Bartlett was the …

From Francis Darwin [after 16 May 1871]

Summary

He is waiting to hear about the requirements for the MB examination before considering the possible trip to north America.

Author:	Francis Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	[after 16 May 1871]
Classmark:	DAR 274.1: 17
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-7761F

Matches: 8 hits

… From Francis Darwin [after 16 May 1871] …
… DAR 274.1: 17 Francis Darwin Cambridge [after 16 May 1871] Charles Robert Darwin …
… H. Darwin, [14 May 1871] and n. 5. …
… The annotations are for CD’s letter to Francis Darwin, 21 May [1871] . …
… the letter to Francis Darwin, 16 May [1871] . Francis’s friend was probably Edward Charles …
… letter from Francis Darwin, [after 22 May 1871] ). Francis was hoping to travel to the …
… George Howard Darwin and two friends (see letter from G. H. Darwin, [14 May 1871] ). See …
… letter to Francis Darwin, 16 May [1871] . See letter from G. …

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Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest

Summary

The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…

Matches: 30 hits

… The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, seeing the …
… promotes the sale’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 26 March 1871 ). The profits for Darwin were …
… first two printings, Darwin wrote to Murray on 20 March 1871 , ‘It is quite a grand trade to be a …
… in memory of the book’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, 20 March 1871 ). Reaction …
… to read it ( letter from James Crichton-Browne, 19 February 1871 ). The African explorer and …
… pleasant or not’ (letter from W. W. Reade, 21 February 1871). The geologist William Boyd Dawkins …
… to buy them’ ( letter from W. B. Dawkins, 23 February 1871 ). Thomas Henry Huxley marvelled that …
… tide-marks!’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 20 February 1871 ). Asa Gray remarked, somewhat …
… and pointed ears” (letter from Asa Gray, 14 April 1871) Like his previous book, …
… arms and legs ( letter from C. L. Bernays, 25 February 1871 ). Samples of hair arrived from …
… his head ( letter from W. B. Tegetmeier, [before 25 April 1871] )). Hinrich Nitsche, ‘the lucky …
… orang-utan foetus ( letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 ). Darwin thought he might use the …
… poor return’ ( letter to Hinrich Nitsche, 25 April [1871] ). Animal anecdotes appeared in …
… space each morning ( letter from Arthur Nicols, 7 March 1871 ; letter from B. J. Sulivan, 11 …
… of beauty ( letter from E. J. Pfeiffer, [before 26 April 1871] ). Roland Trimen, a long-time …
… in the past ( letter from Roland Trimen, 17 and 18 April 1871 ). Candid disagreement …
… were raised to a high pitch, as Innes wrote on 26 May 1871 about the darker races arising …
… as far as this goes’ ( letter to J. B. Innes, 29 May [1871] ). On religion and morality …
… Creator made it’ ( letter from George Morrish, 18 March 1871 ). Darwin received an anonymous …
… Descent ( letter from a child of God, [after 24 February 1871] ). Yet some continued to …
… religious feeling’ ( letter from F. E. Abbot, 20 August 1871 ). The Anglican clergyman and …
… brethren’ ( letter from George Henslow, 5 December 1871 ). Ernst Haeckel boasted of his month …
… monkey !’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 21 December 1871 ). Descent was extensively …
… independent of all times and all circumstances’ (8 April 1871, p. 5). Darwin condemned the author of …
… & classics’ ( letter to John Murray, 13 April [1871] ). But a similar point was made by …
… the killing of some members of a hive a duty (Cobbe 1871, pp. 174, 188–9). Darwin was particularly …
… by culture, not biology ( letter from John Morley, 30 March 1871 ). Reaction at home …
… its master. ( Letter from Hensleigh Wedgwood, [3–9 March 1871] .) Some of Darwin’s …
… to me’ ( letter to Hensleigh Wedgwood, 9 March 1871 ). A widening rift By far the …
… 1871a), which appeared just prior to Descent in early 1871. ‘I daresay it will tell heavily …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 14 hits

… Blair, R.H. 11 July 1871 Worcester College for the …
… Brooke, C.A.J. 30 April 1871 Sarawak, Borneo …
… Chaumont, F.S.B.F. de 11 March 1871 Woolston, …
… Crichton-Browne, James 3 April 1871 West Riding …
… Donders, F.C. 28 March 1871 Utrecht, Netherlands …
… Foster, Michael 4 June [1871] Trinity College, …
… Gray, Asa 14 April 1871 Cambridge, Massachusetts, …
… Gray, Asa 10 & 14 March [1871] Cambridge, …
… Mivart, G.J. 26 Jan 1871 North Bank, London, England …
… Reade, Winwood W. 1 Feb 1871 11 St Mary Abbot's …
… Rejlander, O.G. [1871] Victoria Street, London, …
… Smith, Andrew 1 Feb. 1871 11 Saint Mary Abbot's …
… Smith, Andrew 17 April 1871 16 Alexander Square, …
… Swinhoe, Robert 14 March 1871 33 Oakley Square, …

Frank Chance

Summary

The Darwin archive not only contains letters, manuscript material, photographs, books and articles but also all sorts of small, dry specimens, mostly enclosed with letters. Many of these enclosures have become separated from the letters or lost altogether,…

Matches: 6 hits

… first is undated but we know it was written before 25 April 1871 because Darwin alluded to a case …
… report by the pigeon-fancier W. B. Tegetmeier, 25 April [1871] . In his letter Chance is …
… (Letter from Frank Chance, [before 25 April 1871] ) Responding to this meticulous self …
… were very rare. When we were editing volume 19 (1871), Chance’s enclosure of beard and …
… : In your work on the ""Descent of Man"" (ed. 1871) ii. 298, 299, in …
… followed up on a similar case that CD had observed on 13 May 1871. William’s letter of 5 June 1871 …

4.17 'Figaro', unidentifiable 1871

Summary

< Back to Introduction Yet another portrayal of Darwin as a tree-dwelling ape was published in The Figaro in October 1871, and titled ‘A Darwinian hypothesis’. The image survives in a torn page in the Darwin archive, but it has so far proved…

Matches: 2 hits

… tree-dwelling ape was published in The Figaro in October 1871, and titled ‘A Darwinian …
… date of creation October 1871   computer-readable date 1871-10-01 to 1871-10-27   …

Darwin’s favourite photographer: From O. G. Rejlander, 30 April 1871

Summary

In the 1860s Darwin began collecting photographs of emotional expression. They seemed to capture fleeting movements of the face, and allowed him to observe with more detachment. But the technology was still new. Even under the best conditions, exposure…

Matches: 1 hits

… In the 1860s Darwin began collecting photographs of emotional expression. They seemed to capture …

Animals, ethics, and the progress of science

Summary

Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…

Matches: 3 hits

… sleep to-night’ ( letter to E. R. Lankester, 22 March [1871] ). In Descent , Darwin described …
… perseverance’ ( letter to Nature , [before 27 April 1871] ). When Galton could no longer look …
… ‘Siamesing’ ( letter from Francis Galton, 13 September 1871 ). Several years later, proof …

Henrietta Emma Darwin

Summary

Henrietta “Etty” Darwin (1843–1927) was the eldest of Charles Darwin’s daughters to reach adulthood. She married Richard Buckley Litchfield in 1871. She was a valued editor to her father as well as companion and correspondent to both of her parents.…

Matches: 2 hits

… reach adulthood. She married Richard Buckley Litchfield in 1871. She was a valued editor to her …
… by her father for his scientific writing, particularly his 1871 work, The Descent of Man . In …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 4 hits

… of self-fertilisation’ ( To J. D. Hooker, 23 July [1871] ). Darwin also informed Müller of this …
… in his hothouse ( To Fritz Müller, 2 August [1871] ). By late 1871, Darwin was already …
… generations’ ( To Federico Delpino, 22 November 1871 ). Delpino replied that he looked forward to …
… and horticulture ( From Federico Delpino, 5 December 1871 ). When Darwin began writing in February …

Darwin and the Church

Summary

The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…

Matches: 5 hits

… [1850] and n. 6; and letter to J. B. Innes, 29 May [1871] ). Their true friendship does …
… request favourably—’ (letter from J. B. Innes, 26 May 1871 ). Indeed Innes had such a high …
… school and organ funds (letter to J. B. Innes, 13 January 1871 ). Down’s next clergyman …
… very dull sermons’ (letter to J. B. Innes, 18 January [1871] ). Mr Powell was happy to take up …
… qualifications’ (letter from J. B. Innes, 5 June 1871 ). Particularly in the early days of …

Moral Nature

Summary

In Descent of Man, Darwin argued that human morality had evolved from the social instincts of animals, especially the bonds of sympathy and love. Darwin gathered observations over many decades on animal behavior: the heroic sacrifices of social insects,…

Matches: 8 hits

… Letter 7048 : Darwin, W. E., to Darwin, C. R., [April? 1871] In Descent of man (1: 71 …
… Letter 7645 : Morley, John to Darwin, 30 March 1871 The politician and man of letters, …
… of Descent of Man in the Pall Mall Gazette (Morley 1871). Darwin admired the review, and …
… Letter 7685 : Darwin to Morley, John, 14 April [1871] "When I speak of intellectual …
… Letter 7691 , Morley, John, to Darwin, 17 April 1871 "I don't think Mr. Mill& …
… 7470 : Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, [before 3 March 1871] Darwin exchanged long letters …
… Letter 7537 : Darwin, C. R. to Wenslow, Hensleigh, 3 March [1871] Using the example of …
… 3. [ available at Darwinonline ] Cobbe, F. P. 1871. 'Darwinism in morals'. …

Strange things sent to Darwin in the post

Summary

Some of the stranger things Darwin received in the post can tell us a lot about how Darwin worked at home. In 1863, Darwin was very excited when the ornithologist Alfred Newton sent him a diseased, red-legged partridge foot with an enormous ball of clay…

Matches: 2 hits

… have germinated out of the dung ’. In 1871, Darwin asked Ray Lankester to …
… enclosed with the letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 (DAR 87: 46r) In Variation …

Darwin and vivisection

Summary

Darwin played an important role in the controversy over vivisection that broke out in late 1874. Public debate was sparked when the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals brought an unsuccessful prosecution against a French physiologist who…

Matches: 3 hits

… heart’ ( Correspondence vol. 19, letter to ?, 19 May [1871] ). As a magistrate in Down, he had …
… vol. 19, letter to E. R. Lankester, 22 March [1871] ). In the same year, Darwin had published …
… of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1871 that outlined principles for …

Experimenting with emotions

Summary

Darwin’s interest in emotions can be traced as far back as the Beagle voyage. He was fascinated by the sounds and gestures of the peoples of Tierra del Fuego. On his return, he started recording observations in a set of notebooks, later labelled '…

Matches: 3 hits

… on his behalf. The emotional specimen In 1871, Darwin contacted the German …
… round them’ ( letter to A. D. Kindermann, [27 March 1871] ). Darwin had begun collecting …
… relation” (letter from Michael Foster, 4 June [1871] ). Making experiments familiar …

Henrietta Darwin's diary

Summary

Darwin's daughter Henrietta kept a diary for a few momentous weeks in 1871. This was the year in which Descent of Man, the most controversial of her father's books after Origin itself, appeared, a book which she had helped him write. The small…

Matches: 8 hits

… wrote the following journal entries in March and July 1871 in a small lockable, leather-bound …
… by Henrietta herself. Darwin’s letters in 1870 and 1871 ( Correspondence , vols 18 and 19) …
… missions due to take place between 26 February and 5 March 1871 in four towns within the deanery of …
… from Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?], and letter from F. J. Wedgwood to H. …
… University Library. Henrietta Darwin | March 1871 1871 March— Sea Grove …
… away what they have no equivalent for. July 4th 1871. How hard it is to wait—the …
… I think I am a very happy woman. Sunday July 9 th . 1871 I want to think why I shd …
… mission leaders in the Hampshire Advertiser , 21 January 1871, p. 7. 4 Probably John …

William Winwood Reade

Summary

On 19 May 1868, an African explorer and unsuccessful novelist, William Winwoode Reade (1838–1875) offered to help Darwin, and started a correspondence and, arguably, a collaboration, that would last until Reade's death. After a first 1861 tour of…

Matches: 1 hits

… of it" – Winwood Reade to Charles Darwin, 31 January 1871 ) and sought Darwin’s advice on …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 5 hits

… Letter 7624 - Bathoe, M . B. to Darwin, [25 March 1871] Mary Bathoe responds …
… Letter 7644 - Barnard, A. to Darwin, [30 March 1871] J. S. Henslow’s daughter, …
… 7651 - Wedgwood, F. J. to Darwin, H. E., [1 April 1871] Frances Wedgwood offers …
… 7411 - Pfeiffer, E. J. to Darwin, [before 26 April 1871] The poet Emily Pfeiffer …
… Letter 8055 - Hennell, S. S. to Darwin, [7 November 1871] Sarah Hennell writes to Darwin …

Francis Galton

Summary

Galton was a naturalist, statistician, and evolutionary theorist. He was a second cousin of Darwin’s, having descended from his grandfather, Erasmus. Born in Birmingham in 1822, Galton studied medicine at King’s College, London, and also read mathematics…

Matches: 2 hits

… his results tended to disprove Darwin’s theory (Galton 1871). This brought a quick rejoinder from …
… together to facilitate cross-circulation ( 13 September 1871 ). His views on inheritance continued …

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 1 hits

… of sexual differences in viviparous fish, [before 1 June 1871] Fritz Müller's …

Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters

Summary

On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…

Matches: 1 hits

… politely worded rebuke to St G. J. Mivart ( 21 April [1871] ) for the inadequacies, as Darwin saw …

Have you read the one about....

Summary

... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.

Matches: 1 hits

… ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …

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Darwin Correspondence Project

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