To Martin Beckhard 10 February [1878]
Summary
Thanks him for works by Lazarus Geiger [probably Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Menschheit (1871)
and Der Ursprung der Sprache, 2d ed. (1878)].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Martin Adolf (Martin) Beckhard |
| Date: | 10 Feb [1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 143: 73 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11349 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Menschheit (1871) and Der Ursprung der Sprache , 2d ed. ( …
- … Cambridge University Press. 1985–. Geiger, Lazarus. 1871. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der …
- … developmental history of mankind; Geiger 1871 ) and Der Ursprung der Sprache 2d ed. (The …
- … language; Geiger 1878 ). A copy of Geiger 1871 is in the Darwin Library–Down. Geiger used …
To ? 13 August 1878
Summary
Cannot help with correspondent’s study. CD has a poor ear for music. Recommends Helmholtz’s work.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Unidentified |
| Date: | 13 Aug 1878 |
| Classmark: | Houghton Library, Harvard University (Autograph File, D) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11655 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … and included the musical notation for two of its common songs ( Lockwood 1871 , p. 764). …
- … Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Expression : The expression of the emotions in …
- … F. Vieweg und sohn. Lockwood, Samuel. 1871. A singing Hesperomys. American Naturalist 5: …
- … in American Naturalist in December 1871, described the musical ability of Hesperomys …
From W. M. Hacon 19 March 1878
Summary
Further codicil to CD’s will to settle £14000 instead of £12000 on each child.
| Author: | William Mackmurdo Hacon |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 19 Mar 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 166: 16 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11433 |
From Francis Darwin [22 June 1878]
Summary
Describes his talk with Julius von Sachs about canary-grass.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [22 June 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 51 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12131F |
Matches: 7 hits
- … Bibliography Ciesielski, Theophil. 1871. Untersuchungen über die Abwärtskrümmung der …
- … of a chemical element or compound. In 1871, Kliment Arkadievich Timiryazev had published …
- … Nebenwurzeln. Arbeiten des Botanischen Instituts in Würzburg 1 (1871–4): 385–474, 584–634. …
- … Timiryazev, Kliment Arkadievich. 1871. Spektralny analiz khlorofilla . St Petersburg: …
- … analysis of chlorophyll ( Timiryazev 1871 ), in which he had shown that absorption was …
- … when in contact with water ( Ciesielski 1871 , p. 33; see also Ciesielski 1872 , p. 25). …
- … 1878] ). Falsch : wrong (German). Ciesielski 1871 , pp. 29–30; see also Ciesielski 1872 , …
From James Grant 6 March 1878
Summary
As a believer in the existence of God from the evidence of nature, he is somewhat staggered by CD’s and Tyndall’s books. Asks CD to tell him whether the doctrine of descent of man destroys the evidence of the existence of a God looked at through natural phenomena.
| Author: | James Miller (James) Grant |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 6 Mar 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 165: 89 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11404 |
To Anton Stecker 13 March 1878
Summary
Authorises publication of a Bohemian edition of Origin.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Anton Stecker |
| Date: | 13 Mar 1878 |
| Classmark: | Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11419 |
From W. C. Williamson 19 January 1878
Summary
Insectivorous plants.
| Author: | William Crawford Williamson |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 19 Jan 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 181: 105 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11326 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … the Royal Society of London ( Williamson 1871–92 ). Sphenophylla and Annulariae are slips …
- … 163–73. Williamson, William Crawford. 1871–92. On the organization of the fossil plants of …
- … the coal-measures. In 19 parts. [Read 26 January 1871 – 25 February 1892. ] …
- … Transactions of the Royal Society of London 161 (1871): 477–510 – 184 (1893): 1–38. …
From J. B. Thayer 29 January 1878
Summary
Is using CD’s correspondence with Chauncey Wright in his book on CW [Letters of Chauncey Wright (1878)].
| Author: | James Bradley Thayer |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 29 Jan 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 178: 88 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11338 |
To Francis Darwin [13–26 May 1878]
Summary
Has had conflicting information on the movement of radicles; wants FD to experiment with them.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Francis Darwin |
| Date: | [13–26 May 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 211: 26 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11538 |
From Francis Darwin [before 7 July 1878]
Summary
He has been talking to Julius von Sachs about sleeping plants that move with and without growth.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [before 7 July 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 57 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11593F |
To Francis Darwin 26 June [1878]
Summary
Asks questions related to movement in plants. The cotyledons of Oxalis offer a promising field for study.
Wonders why Julius von Sachs thinks bloom is a protection against insects.
Encloses notes on the cotyledons of Oxalis species.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Francis Darwin |
| Date: | 26 June [1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 211: 29–30 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11570 |
From Francis Darwin [25–7 November 1878]
Summary
He has had no success with horse or Spanish chestnuts.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [25–7 Nov 1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 41 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11768H |
To Francis Darwin 18 June [1878]
Summary
Has been observing the movements of leaves and cotyledons; sleep movements are exaggerated circumnutation. Reports some odd observations on movement in Oxalis species.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Francis Darwin |
| Date: | 18 June [1878] |
| Classmark: | DAR 211: 27 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11559 |
To Raphael Meldola 12 February [1878]
Summary
Thanks RM for his interesting paper ["Entomological notes bearing on evolution", Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5th ser. 1 (1878): 155].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Raphael Meldola |
| Date: | 12 Feb [1878] |
| Classmark: | Oxford University Museum of Natural History (Hope Entomological Collections 1350: Hope/Westwood Archive, Darwin folder) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11353 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … s notes in his letter to CD of 14 June 1871 ( Correspondence vol. 19); see letter from …
From James Houston 14 February 1878
Summary
Praise for Descent with slight criticism of CD’s opinion that racial divergence occurred after the continents were settled.
| Author: | James Lennox Houston |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 14 Feb 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 166: 273 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11359 |
From Anton Schobloch 9 March 1878
Summary
Asks CD to explain why there are hermaphrodites.
| Author: | Anton Schobloch |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 9 Mar 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 201: 34 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11408 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Origin : On the origin of species by …
From J. D. Cooper 13 December 1878
Summary
Sends CD a proof of an illustration reduced on to the block by photography. The method is expensive but scientifically accurate.
| Author: | James Davis Cooper |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 13 Dec 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 202: 20 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11791 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Expression : The expression of the emotions in …
To Alfred Moschkau 28 March 1878
Summary
Does not believe that nature of milk can affect character of child.
Facts about starling very curious, but CD now absorbed by vegetable physiology. Not likely to attend to animal minds again.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Otto Carl Alfred (Alfred) Moschkau |
| Date: | 28 Mar 1878 |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.532) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11451 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … and selection in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. …
From H. S. Sanguinetti July 1878
Summary
Change of address.
| Author: | Herbert Samuel Sanguinetti |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | July 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 209.13: 9r |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7842 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … was previously published as from ? , July 1871 ( Correspondence vol. 19); the last digit …
To G. A. Gaskell 15 November 1878
Summary
CD hopes GAG is right [see 11744]. His second law seems largely acted on in civilised societies. Evil that would follow from checking benevolence to weak and diseased would be greater than by allowing them to survive and procreate. CD doubts that artificial checks would be advantageous to the world at large. If birth could be prevented, and control were not thought immoral, "would there not be a danger of profligacy amongst unmarried women?"
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | George Arthur Gaskell |
| Date: | 15 Nov 1878 |
| Classmark: | DAR 144: 327 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11745 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. Malthus, Thomas Robert. 1826. An essay …
| letter | (41) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (15) |
| Darwin, Francis | (6) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (2) |
| Balfour, F. M. | (1) |
| Coghlan, John | (1) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (26) |
| Darwin, Francis | (6) |
| Beckhard, Martin | (1) |
| Frankland, Edward | (1) |
| Gaskell, G. A. | (1) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (41) |
| Darwin, Francis | (12) |
| Gaskell, G. A. | (2) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (2) |
| Meldola, Raphael | (2) |
Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest
Summary
The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…
Matches: 30 hits
- … The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, seeing the …
- … promotes the sale’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 26 March 1871 ). The profits for Darwin were …
- … first two printings, Darwin wrote to Murray on 20 March 1871 , ‘It is quite a grand trade to be a …
- … in memory of the book’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, 20 March 1871 ). Reaction …
- … to read it ( letter from James Crichton-Browne, 19 February 1871 ). The African explorer and …
- … pleasant or not’ (letter from W. W. Reade, 21 February 1871). The geologist William Boyd Dawkins …
- … to buy them’ ( letter from W. B. Dawkins, 23 February 1871 ). Thomas Henry Huxley marvelled that …
- … tide-marks!’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 20 February 1871 ). Asa Gray remarked, somewhat …
- … and pointed ears” (letter from Asa Gray, 14 April 1871) Like his previous book, …
- … arms and legs ( letter from C. L. Bernays, 25 February 1871 ). Samples of hair arrived from …
- … his head ( letter from W. B. Tegetmeier, [before 25 April 1871] )). Hinrich Nitsche, ‘the lucky …
- … orang-utan foetus ( letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 ). Darwin thought he might use the …
- … poor return’ ( letter to Hinrich Nitsche, 25 April [1871] ). Animal anecdotes appeared in …
- … space each morning ( letter from Arthur Nicols, 7 March 1871 ; letter from B. J. Sulivan, 11 …
- … of beauty ( letter from E. J. Pfeiffer, [before 26 April 1871] ). Roland Trimen, a long-time …
- … in the past ( letter from Roland Trimen, 17 and 18 April 1871 ). Candid disagreement …
- … were raised to a high pitch, as Innes wrote on 26 May 1871 about the darker races arising …
- … as far as this goes’ ( letter to J. B. Innes, 29 May [1871] ). On religion and morality …
- … Creator made it’ ( letter from George Morrish, 18 March 1871 ). Darwin received an anonymous …
- … Descent ( letter from a child of God, [after 24 February 1871] ). Yet some continued to …
- … religious feeling’ ( letter from F. E. Abbot, 20 August 1871 ). The Anglican clergyman and …
- … brethren’ ( letter from George Henslow, 5 December 1871 ). Ernst Haeckel boasted of his month …
- … monkey !’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 21 December 1871 ). Descent was extensively …
- … independent of all times and all circumstances’ (8 April 1871, p. 5). Darwin condemned the author of …
- … & classics’ ( letter to John Murray, 13 April [1871] ). But a similar point was made by …
- … the killing of some members of a hive a duty (Cobbe 1871, pp. 174, 188–9). Darwin was particularly …
- … by culture, not biology ( letter from John Morley, 30 March 1871 ). Reaction at home …
- … its master. ( Letter from Hensleigh Wedgwood, [3–9 March 1871] .) Some of Darwin’s …
- … to me’ ( letter to Hensleigh Wedgwood, 9 March 1871 ). A widening rift By far the …
- … 1871a), which appeared just prior to Descent in early 1871. ‘I daresay it will tell heavily …
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Matches: 14 hits
- … Blair, R.H. 11 July 1871 Worcester College for the …
- … Brooke, C.A.J. 30 April 1871 Sarawak, Borneo …
- … Chaumont, F.S.B.F. de 11 March 1871 Woolston, …
- … Crichton-Browne, James 3 April 1871 West Riding …
- … Donders, F.C. 28 March 1871 Utrecht, Netherlands …
- … Foster, Michael 4 June [1871] Trinity College, …
- … Gray, Asa 14 April 1871 Cambridge, Massachusetts, …
- … Gray, Asa 10 & 14 March [1871] Cambridge, …
- … Mivart, G.J. 26 Jan 1871 North Bank, London, England …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 1 Feb 1871 11 St Mary Abbot's …
- … Rejlander, O.G. [1871] Victoria Street, London, …
- … Smith, Andrew 1 Feb. 1871 11 Saint Mary Abbot's …
- … Smith, Andrew 17 April 1871 16 Alexander Square, …
- … Swinhoe, Robert 14 March 1871 33 Oakley Square, …
Frank Chance
Summary
The Darwin archive not only contains letters, manuscript material, photographs, books and articles but also all sorts of small, dry specimens, mostly enclosed with letters. Many of these enclosures have become separated from the letters or lost altogether,…
Matches: 6 hits
- … first is undated but we know it was written before 25 April 1871 because Darwin alluded to a case …
- … report by the pigeon-fancier W. B. Tegetmeier, 25 April [1871] . In his letter Chance is …
- … (Letter from Frank Chance, [before 25 April 1871] ) Responding to this meticulous self …
- … were very rare. When we were editing volume 19 (1871), Chance’s enclosure of beard and …
- … : In your work on the ""Descent of Man"" (ed. 1871) ii. 298, 299, in …
- … followed up on a similar case that CD had observed on 13 May 1871. William’s letter of 5 June 1871 …
4.17 'Figaro', unidentifiable 1871
Summary
< Back to Introduction Yet another portrayal of Darwin as a tree-dwelling ape was published in The Figaro in October 1871, and titled ‘A Darwinian hypothesis’. The image survives in a torn page in the Darwin archive, but it has so far proved…
Darwin’s favourite photographer: From O. G. Rejlander, 30 April 1871
Summary
In the 1860s Darwin began collecting photographs of emotional expression. They seemed to capture fleeting movements of the face, and allowed him to observe with more detachment. But the technology was still new. Even under the best conditions, exposure…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In the 1860s Darwin began collecting photographs of emotional expression. They seemed to capture …
Animals, ethics, and the progress of science
Summary
Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…
Matches: 3 hits
Henrietta Emma Darwin
Summary
Henrietta “Etty” Darwin (1843–1927) was the eldest of Charles Darwin’s daughters to reach adulthood. She married Richard Buckley Litchfield in 1871. She was a valued editor to her father as well as companion and correspondent to both of her parents.…
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 4 hits
- … of self-fertilisation’ ( To J. D. Hooker, 23 July [1871] ). Darwin also informed Müller of this …
- … in his hothouse ( To Fritz Müller, 2 August [1871] ). By late 1871, Darwin was already …
- … generations’ ( To Federico Delpino, 22 November 1871 ). Delpino replied that he looked forward to …
- … and horticulture ( From Federico Delpino, 5 December 1871 ). When Darwin began writing in February …
Darwin and the Church
Summary
The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…
Matches: 5 hits
- … [1850] and n. 6; and letter to J. B. Innes, 29 May [1871] ). Their true friendship does …
- … request favourably—’ (letter from J. B. Innes, 26 May 1871 ). Indeed Innes had such a high …
- … school and organ funds (letter to J. B. Innes, 13 January 1871 ). Down’s next clergyman …
- … very dull sermons’ (letter to J. B. Innes, 18 January [1871] ). Mr Powell was happy to take up …
- … qualifications’ (letter from J. B. Innes, 5 June 1871 ). Particularly in the early days of …
Moral Nature
Summary
In Descent of Man, Darwin argued that human morality had evolved from the social instincts of animals, especially the bonds of sympathy and love. Darwin gathered observations over many decades on animal behavior: the heroic sacrifices of social insects,…
Matches: 8 hits
- … Letter 7048 : Darwin, W. E., to Darwin, C. R., [April? 1871] In Descent of man (1: 71 …
- … Letter 7645 : Morley, John to Darwin, 30 March 1871 The politician and man of letters, …
- … of Descent of Man in the Pall Mall Gazette (Morley 1871). Darwin admired the review, and …
- … Letter 7685 : Darwin to Morley, John, 14 April [1871] "When I speak of intellectual …
- … Letter 7691 , Morley, John, to Darwin, 17 April 1871 "I don't think Mr. Mill& …
- … 7470 : Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, [before 3 March 1871] Darwin exchanged long letters …
- … Letter 7537 : Darwin, C. R. to Wenslow, Hensleigh, 3 March [1871] Using the example of …
- … 3. [ available at Darwinonline ] Cobbe, F. P. 1871. 'Darwinism in morals'. …
Strange things sent to Darwin in the post
Summary
Some of the stranger things Darwin received in the post can tell us a lot about how Darwin worked at home. In 1863, Darwin was very excited when the ornithologist Alfred Newton sent him a diseased, red-legged partridge foot with an enormous ball of clay…
Darwin and vivisection
Summary
Darwin played an important role in the controversy over vivisection that broke out in late 1874. Public debate was sparked when the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals brought an unsuccessful prosecution against a French physiologist who…
Matches: 3 hits
Experimenting with emotions
Summary
Darwin’s interest in emotions can be traced as far back as the Beagle voyage. He was fascinated by the sounds and gestures of the peoples of Tierra del Fuego. On his return, he started recording observations in a set of notebooks, later labelled '…
Henrietta Darwin's diary
Summary
Darwin's daughter Henrietta kept a diary for a few momentous weeks in 1871. This was the year in which Descent of Man, the most controversial of her father's books after Origin itself, appeared, a book which she had helped him write. The small…
Matches: 8 hits
- … wrote the following journal entries in March and July 1871 in a small lockable, leather-bound …
- … by Henrietta herself. Darwin’s letters in 1870 and 1871 ( Correspondence , vols 18 and 19) …
- … missions due to take place between 26 February and 5 March 1871 in four towns within the deanery of …
- … from Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?], and letter from F. J. Wedgwood to H. …
- … University Library. Henrietta Darwin | March 1871 1871 March— Sea Grove …
- … away what they have no equivalent for. July 4th 1871. How hard it is to wait—the …
- … I think I am a very happy woman. Sunday July 9 th . 1871 I want to think why I shd …
- … mission leaders in the Hampshire Advertiser , 21 January 1871, p. 7. 4 Probably John …
William Winwood Reade
Summary
On 19 May 1868, an African explorer and unsuccessful novelist, William Winwoode Reade (1838–1875) offered to help Darwin, and started a correspondence and, arguably, a collaboration, that would last until Reade's death. After a first 1861 tour of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … of it" – Winwood Reade to Charles Darwin, 31 January 1871 ) and sought Darwin’s advice on …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 5 hits
- … Letter 7624 - Bathoe, M . B. to Darwin, [25 March 1871] Mary Bathoe responds …
- … Letter 7644 - Barnard, A. to Darwin, [30 March 1871] J. S. Henslow’s daughter, …
- … 7651 - Wedgwood, F. J. to Darwin, H. E., [1 April 1871] Frances Wedgwood offers …
- … 7411 - Pfeiffer, E. J. to Darwin, [before 26 April 1871] The poet Emily Pfeiffer …
- … Letter 8055 - Hennell, S. S. to Darwin, [7 November 1871] Sarah Hennell writes to Darwin …
Francis Galton
Summary
Galton was a naturalist, statistician, and evolutionary theorist. He was a second cousin of Darwin’s, having descended from his grandfather, Erasmus. Born in Birmingham in 1822, Galton studied medicine at King’s College, London, and also read mathematics…
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … of sexual differences in viviparous fish, [before 1 June 1871] Fritz Müller's …
Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters
Summary
On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…
Matches: 1 hits
- … politely worded rebuke to St G. J. Mivart ( 21 April [1871] ) for the inadequacies, as Darwin saw …
Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
