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To Asa Gray   22 July [1860]

Summary

Greatly praises AG’s discussion of Origin in Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. [4 (1860): 411–15; 424–6].

Mentions other reviews of Origin; believes the BAAS meeting at Oxford greatly advanced the subject. Has heard his views are gaining ground in Germany.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  22 July [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (30)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2876

Matches: 25 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   22 July [1860] …
  • … D.  Hooker, [20? July 1860] and n.  5. …
  • … University (30) Charles Robert Darwin Hartfield Down letterhead 22 July [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … Origin in Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. [4 (1860): 411–15; 424–6]. Mentions other reviews of …
  • … Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood lived, from 10 July 1860 to 2 August (‘Journal’; Appendix II). CD …
  • … Sudbrook Park, Richmond, Surrey, from 28 June 1860 to 7 July (‘Journal’; Appendix II). He …
  • … of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 4 (1860): 410–15, 424–31. See letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, [17 July 1860] . Joseph Dalton Hooker’s remark was probably made in a letter, …
  • … H.  Huxley, 20 July [1860]). See letter from J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 2 July 1860 , and Appendix VI. Ferdinand Hochstetter, who was appointed …
  • … mineralogy and geology at the Imperial Polytechnic Institute in Vienna in 1860, attended …
  • … the 1860 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Oxford. …
  • … Bronn trans.  1860, pp.  495– …
  • … 520. Hopkins 1860 . See letter to J.   …
  • … University Press. 1985–. Hopkins, William. 1860. Physical theories of the phenomena of …
  • … Murray. 1859. [Wilberforce, Samuel. ] 1860. [Review of Origin. ] Quarterly Review 108: …
  • … J.  D.  Hooker, 19 [July 1860] . CD’s annotated copies of all three articles from the …
  • … in the October issue. [Wilberforce] 1860 . CD believed that Richard Owen had helped Samuel …
  • … Wilberforce write the review (see letters to J.  D.  Hooker, [20? July 1860] , and to T.   …
  • … in the interval between receiving the letters to J.  D.  Hooker, [17 July 1860] and …
  • … 19 [July 1860] . [Gray] 1860a. William Hepworth Dixon was editor of the Athenæum from …
  • … Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 4 (1860): 411–16) was published …
  • … in the Athenæum , 4 August 1860, p.  161. See also letter …
  • … to J.  D.  Hooker, 7 August [1860] . The ‘missing’ pages did not include any discussions …
  • … to Darwin. See also letter to J.  D.  Hooker, [17 July 1860] . [Gray] 1860b. See letter to …

To Asa Gray   3 April [1860]

Summary

Thinks AG’s review [of Origin] will aid much in making people think about subject.

Has been savagely and unfairly reviewed by Adam Sedgwick in the Spectator [24 Mar 1860],

but thinks F. J. Pictet’s review in opposition ["Sur l’origine de l’espèce", Arch. Sci. Phys. & Nat. n.s. 7 (1860): 231–55] a very fair one.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  3 Apr [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (47)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2743

Matches: 22 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   3 April [1860] …
  • … Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (47) Charles Robert Darwin Down 3 Apr [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … J.  Pictet de la Rive, 1 April [1860] . Pierre Louis François Léveque de Vilmorin …
  • … published works on economic botany and plant breeding. He died in Paris on 21 March 1860. …
  • … by Adam Sedgwick in the Spectator [24 Mar 1860], but thinks F. J. Pictet’s review in …
  • … l’origine de l’espèce", Arch. Sci. Phys. & Nat. n.s. 7 (1860): 231–55] a very fair one. …
  • … Bibliography Agassiz, Louis. 1860. On the origin of species. American Journal of Science …
  • … in Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3d ser. 6 (1860): 219–32. ] Correspondence : The …
  • … 1859. Pictet de la Rive, François Jules. 1860. Sur l’origine de l’espèce par Charles …
  • … et étrangère n.s. 7: 233–55. [Sedgwick, Adam. ] 1860. Objections to Mr Darwin’s theory of …
  • … the origin of species. Spectator , 24 March 1860, pp. 285–6. [ …
  • … Reprinted with revisions in ibid. , 7 April 1860, pp. 334–5. ] …
  • … to [Gray] 1860a. See letter to Asa Gray, 24 February [1860] . Apparently Gray included …
  • … in his now-missing letter of 19 March 1860 an example, given him by Jeffries Wyman , of …
  • … from Jeffries Wyman , [ c . 15] September 1860). The black pigs were the only varieties …
  • … from A.  C.  Ramsay, 29 December 1858) . Pictet de la Rive 1860 . See letter to F.   …
  • … p.  12. See letter from Jeffries Wyman , [ c . 15] September 1860. CD may be referring …
  • … either to Louis Agassiz’s review of Origin ( Agassiz 1860 ), which appeared …
  • … in June 1860, or to Agassiz’s contribution to special meetings of the American Academy of …
  • … American Academy of Arts and Sciences 4 ( 1860): 410–16, 424–31. CD’s annotated copy of …
  • … was professor of chemistry at Harvard University. [Sedgwick] 1860 . See the enclosure …
  • … with the letter to Asa Gray, 1 February [1860] and n.  16. In Origin , pp.  285–7, CD had …

To Asa Gray   19 October [1860]

Summary

Is thinking of publishing AG’s three-part Origin review [from Atlantic Monthly] in England.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  19 Oct [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (32)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2955

Matches: 19 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   19 October [1860] …
  • … H.  Harvey, 24 August 1860  and …
  • … 8 October 1860 . …
  • … University (32) Charles Robert Darwin Eastbourne Down letterhead 19 Oct [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … Magazine of Natural History in September 1860. It was published in the November issue ( …
  • … H. Huxley, 18 September [1860] ). See …
  • … letter to Charles Lyell, 23 [September 1860] , and letter from …
  • … Charles Lyell, 25 September 1860 . For Lyell’s and John Murray’s …
  • … responses to CD’s proposal, see the letter to Asa Gray, 24 October [1860] . …
  • … Bree 1860 . …
  • … Hopkins 1860 . George Henry Kendrick Thwaites’s letter has not been found, but see the …
  • … letter to G.  H.  K.  Thwaites, 20 October [1860] . …
  • … Harvey 1860 . See letters from W.   …
  • … Bibliography Bree, Charles Robert. 1860. Species not transmutable, nor the result of …
  • … Maclachlan & Stewart. Harvey, William Henry. 1860. An inquiry into the probable origin of …
  • … Dublin: privately printed. Hopkins, William. 1860. Physical theories of the phenomena of …
  • … Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3d ser.  6 (1860): 373–86). …
  • … See letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] . The extract from Gray’s article was preceded …
  • … Huxley had suffered the death of his oldest child in September 1860 (see letter to T.   …

From Asa Gray   [10 January 1860]

thumbnail

Summary

Agassiz denounces Origin as "atheistical";

AG is currently reviewing it [in Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 29 (1860): 153–84].

Jeffries Wyman praises it, though not a convert.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [10 Jan 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 98 (ser. 2): 26a
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2631

Matches: 19 hits

  • … From Asa Gray   [10 January 1860] …
  • … DAR 98 (ser. 2): 26a Asa Gray unstated [10 Jan 1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … 1988 . See also letter from Asa Gray to J.  D.  Hooker, 5 January 1860 , and letter from …
  • … Asa Gray, 23 January [1860] . …
  • … reviewing it [in Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 29 (1860): 153–84]. Jeffries Wyman praises it, though …
  • … Bibliography Agassiz, Louis. 1860. On the origin of species. American Journal of Science …
  • … and Magazine of Natural History 3d ser. 6 (1860): 219–32. ] Appel, Toby A. 1988. Jeffries …
  • … to the letter to Asa Gray, 28 January [1860] , in which CD refers to ‘your letter to me of …
  • … The manuscript was, however, marked ‘Jan 5 1860’ by Francis Darwin , perhaps on the basis …
  • … from Asa Gray to J.  D.  Hooker, 5 January 1860 . The missing portion of this letter may …
  • … version of Origin . See also letter from Asa Gray, 23 January 1860 , and letter to …
  • … John Murray, [25 January 1860] . Jeffries Wyman , a colleague of Gray’s at Harvard …
  • … below, and letter to Asa Gray, 28 January [1860] . Details concerning the public lecture …
  • … a transcript of the extract, see the letter to Asa Gray, 28 January [1860] , n.  10. At …
  • … Academy of Arts and Sciences on 25 January 1860, Agassiz and others ‘ discussed several …
  • … of the Boston Natural History Society on 15 February 1860 ( Proceedings of the Boston …
  • … Natural History Society 7 (1860): 231–5). For the debate between Gray and Agassiz over CD’ …
  • … Journal of Arts and Sciences ( Agassiz 1860 ). Gray wrote a three-part article on Origin …
  • … from Asa Gray to J.  D.  Hooker, 5 January 1860 ). Gray had asked CD about the possibility …

To Asa Gray   11 August [1860]

Summary

Agassiz is strongly opposed to Origin, but CD thinks K. E. von Baer may come out in support.

Discusses the possibility of favourable monstrosities in the light of Theophilus Parsons’ essay ["On the origin of species", Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 30 (1860): 1–13].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  11 Aug [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (35)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2896

Matches: 19 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   11 August [1860] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (35) Charles Robert Darwin Down 11 Aug [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … of Florida (see letter to Asa Gray, 3 April [1860] ). The ‘story’ was given in Origin 3d …
  • … ed. , p.  12. See letter from Jeffries Wyman , [ c . 15] September 1860. See …
  • … letter from Asa Gray, [10 July 1860] . …
  • … Parsons’ essay ["On the origin of species", Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 30 (1860): 1–13]. …
  • … annotated copy in the Darwin Pamphlet Collection–CUL. Athenæum , 4 August 1860, p.  161. …
  • … See letters to Asa Gray , 22 July [1860] , and to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 7 August [1860]. …
  • … Agassiz 1860 , p.  143. The sentence reads: ‘If species do not exist at all, as the …
  • … John Murray. 1859. Parsons, Theophilus. 1860. On the Origin of species. American Journal …
  • … Bibliography Agassiz, Louis. 1860. On the origin of species. American Journal of Science …
  • … and Magazine of Natural History 3d ser. 6 (1860): 219–32. ] Origin 3d ed. : On the origin …
  • … Winsor 1979 . See letter from T.  H.  Huxley, 6 August 1860 . Wagner 1860b . See letter to …
  • … T.  H.  Huxley, 8 August [1860] and n.  5. Theophilus Parsons , professor …
  • … with two exclamation marks ( Parsons 1860 , p.  5). Parsons cited a remark from Murchison …
  • … links between crustaceans and fishes. ’ ( Parsons 1860 , p.  5). Gray had sent CD …
  • … Journal of Science and Arts ( Parsons 1860 ). Gray apparently sent the review to CD: there …
  • … gradual changes in organisms ( Parsons 1860 , p.  2). CD marked the passage in his copy …

To Asa Gray   8 March [1860]

Summary

Further additions and corrections for American Origin.

Views of Owen, G. H. K. Thwaites, and W. H. Harvey on CD’s theories.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  8 Mar [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (31)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2726

Matches: 22 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   8 March [1860] …
  • … Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (31) Charles Robert Darwin Down 8 Mar [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … Library. See letter from Asa Gray, 20 February 1860 , and also Dupree 1959 , pp.  271–2. …
  • … See letter from Asa Gray, 20 February 1860 . …
  • … By Charles Darwin. New York: D. Appleton. 1860. Peckham, Morse, ed. 1959. The Origin of …
  • … of Origin in the United States (see letters from Asa Gray , [10 January 1860] , [17  …
  • … January 1860] , and …
  • … 23 January 1860 ). CD had already sent Gray new material and …
  • … to be incorporated into the edition (see letters to Asa Gray , 28 January [1860] , 1  …
  • … February [1860] , and [8  …
  • … or 9 February 1860] ). See …
  • … also letter to Asa Gray, 2 March [1860] . The additional material for the chapter on …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1860. Origin 3d ed. : On the origin of species by …
  • … edition (see letter to Asa Gray, [8 or 9 February 1860] ). CD had received sheets of …
  • … the review in February (see letters to Asa Gray , 18 February [1860] and …
  • … 24 February [1860] ). …
  • … Letter from Francis Boott, 29 February 1860 . Boott was a close friend of Gray’s. …
  • … reaction to CD’s theory on 5 January 1860 (Gray Herbarium, Harvard University). CD …
  • … Darwin 1794–6 . See letter from G.  H.   K.  Thwaites, [14 February 1860] . See letters …
  • … to Charles Lyell , 18 [and 19 February 1860] , and to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 26 [February 1860] . William Henry Harvey had …
  • … a long letter to Gray on 9 February 1860  itemising his objections to CD’s theory (Gray …

To Asa Gray   18 May [1860]

Summary

Bitter and incessant attacks on the Origin.

Any truth in it has been saved only by a small body of men like Lyell, AG, Hooker, and Huxley.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  18 May [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (14)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2808

Matches: 18 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   18 May [1860] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (14) Charles Robert Darwin Down 18 May [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … American Academy of Arts and Sciences 4 (1860): 410–16, 424–31. CD’s annotated copy of an …
  • … see the letter from Asa Gray, 20 February 1860 . Gray had forwarded to CD a letter he had …
  • … Co .  of New York dated 17 February 1860 agreeing to grant CD copyright over the American …
  • … published (see enclosure to letter from Asa Gray, 20 February 1860 ). The second letter to …
  • … which CD refers may be that of 7 February 1860 from D.  Appleton to Gray (Gray Herbarium …
  • … J.  S.  Henslow to J.  D.  Hooker, 10 May 1860 . Murray 1860a . Dawson 1860b . [Haughton] …
  • … 1860b. Haughton 1860a. See letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 15 [May 1860] . [R.  Owen] …
  • … 1860a. See letter to Asa Gray, 3 April [1860] and nn.  4 and 5. CD refers to Francis …
  • … of Arts and Sciences in Boston on 10 April 1860. Bowen, Agassiz, and Lowell had criticised …
  • … sent this letter on to CD as well. See also letter from Asa Gray, 23 January 1860 , n.  2, …
  • … and letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] . The first three printings of Origin published in …
  • … York (issued in January, February, and March 1860) all had identical texts taken from the …
  • … changes that CD sent to Asa Gray (see letters to Asa Gray , 28 January [1860] , 1  …
  • … February [1860] , [8 or …
  • … 9 February 1860] , and …
  • … 8 March [1860] ). The revised American edition thus incorporated most of the changes made …

To Asa Gray   10 September [1860]

Summary

Has received second part of AG’s Atlantic Monthly article ["Darwin on the origin of species", 6 (1860): 109–16, 229–39], and would like to have it reprinted in England with the first part.

Regrets no reviewer has touched upon embryology, which he feels provides one of his strongest arguments.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  10 Sept [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (34)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2910

Matches: 19 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   10 September [1860] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (34) Charles Robert Darwin Down 10 Sept [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … volume, letter to W.  B.  Carpenter, 6 January [1860] . See also Autobiography , p.  125. …
  • … Darwin on the origin of species", 6 (1860): 109–16, 229–39], and would like to have it …
  • … 1859. Pictet de la Rive, François Jules. 1860. Sur l’origine de l’espèce par Charles …
  • … Trübner & Co. [Wilberforce, Samuel. ] 1860. [Review of Origin. ] Quarterly Review 108: …
  • … see n.  8, below). Gray’s letter has not been found. CD refers to Hopkins 1860  and [ …
  • … Wilberforce] 1860 . Both articles reviewed Origin . The reference is to …
  • … in the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 4 (1860): 411–16. …
  • … See letters to Asa Gray , 22 July [1860] , and to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 7 August [1860] . See …
  • … Atlantic Monthly 6: 406–25. Hopkins, William. 1860. Physical theories of the phenomena of …
  • … letters to Charles Lyell , 11  August [1860] and …
  • … 28 August [1860] . Maria Hooker was Joseph Dalton Hooker’s mother. …
  • … See letters to J.  D.  Hooker, 2 September [1860] and …
  • … 6 September [1860] . Hooker and his party had travelled to Syria despite the danger of …
  • … Wedgwood 1859–65 ) in the Atlantic Monthly 6 (1860): 248–54. In his second article for the …
  • … his review of Origin ( Pictet de la Rive 1860 ). Gray called the review ‘much the fairest …
  • … letter to T. H. Huxley, 10 September [1860] . The October issue of the Atlantic Monthly …

To Asa Gray   8 June [1860]

Summary

Discusses recent reviews of Origin and has made a note on Owen’s [see 2737].

Has become interested in the floral structures of orchids.

Notes his recent observations on Primula; believes he has found male and female forms.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  8 June [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (40)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2825

Matches: 16 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   8 June [1860] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (40) Charles Robert Darwin Down 8 June [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … 17  May [1860] , and to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 20 May [1860]. CD’s observations are recorded in his Experimental book, pp.   …
  • … of Harvard University. Hopkins, William. 1860. Physical theories of the phenomena of life. …
  • … has been located. See letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 5 June [1860] . CD refers to [R. Owen] …
  • … to John Stevens Henslow written in June 1860, Hooker commented that he was ‘getting very …
  • … the first part appeared in the June issue, no.  61 (1860): 739–52; the second in the July …
  • … number, no.  62 (1860): 74–90. …
  • … to Gardeners’ Chronicle , [4–5 June 1860]. For CD’s relief at Henrietta Emma Darwin’s …
  • … improving health, see letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 7 June [1860] . See letters to J.   …
  • … S.  Henslow, 14 May [1860] and …
  • … 1: 514). [Haughton] 1860b. See letters to J.  D.  Hooker, 5 June [1860] , and to Charles …
  • … Lyell , 6 June [1860]. William Henry Harvey was a close friend of Gray’s and had …
  • … attacked Thomas Henry Huxley’s February 1860 lecture on species at the Royal Institution ( …
  • … T.  H.  Huxley 1860a ). Hopkins 1860 . The review was published in Fraser’s Magazine in …

To Asa Gray   22 May [1860]

Summary

Opinions and reviews of Origin.

CD’s view on design in nature; although he does not believe in the necessity of design, he finds it hard to conclude that everything is the result of "brute force".

Comments on Owen’s review of Origin [Edinburgh Rev. 111 (1860): 487–532].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  22 May [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (26 and 37a)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2814

Matches: 21 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   22 May [1860] …
  • … of Harvard University (26 and 37a) Charles Robert Darwin Down 22 May [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (37a). See letter to T.  H.  Huxley, 9 April [1860] . …
  • … brute force". Comments on Owen’s review of Origin [ Edinburgh Rev. 111 (1860): 487–532]. …
  • … a payment of £21 17 s . 6 d . in May 1860 as his share of the profits from the sale of the …
  • … of Origin had been published in January 1860 by the New York firm D.  Appleton & Co . ( …
  • … is to [R.  Owen] 1860a. Saturday Review , 5 May 1860, pp.  573–4. See also letter …
  • … to T.  H.  Huxley, 7 May [1860] . The first enclosure is a printed sales slip from the …
  • … 1859. Pictet de la Rive, François Jules. 1860. Sur l’origine de l’espèce par Charles …
  • … See letter from Asa Gray, 20 February 1860  and the enclosure. The fourth printing of …
  • … to certain sections of the text. See letters to Asa Gray , 28 January [1860] , 1  …
  • … February [1860] , [8 or …
  • … 9 February 1860] , and …
  • … 8 March [1860] . Gray was an associate editor of the American Journal of Science and …
  • … to G.  H.  K.  Thwaites, 21 March [1860] . He rectified the omission of this discussion in …
  • … 3d ed. , pp.  134–7). [Carpenter] 1860b. Pictet de la Rive 1860 . CD refers to an account …
  • … of a meeting of the Cambridge Philosophical Society on 7 May 1860 reported in the …
  • … Literary Gazette , 12 May 1860, p.  582. See also letter from J.   …
  • … S.  Henslow to J.  D.  Hooker, 10 May 1860 . The anonymous review of Origin in the North …
  • … ordered a copy of the journal ( letter to a Bookseller, 13 [May 1860] ). Gray published …
  • … an article in the Atlantic Monthly 6 (1860): 406–25 entitled ‘Darwin and his reviewers’ ( …

To Asa Gray   11 December [1860]

Summary

The pamphlet of AG’s Origin reviews [Natural selection not inconsistent with natural theology (1861)]. CD will bear half the costs of publishing.

Will write to Huxley about Chauncey Wright’s review of Origin.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  11 Dec [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (38)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3017

Matches: 12 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   11 December [1860] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (38) Charles Robert Darwin Down 11 Dec [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … Murray. 1859. [Wilberforce, Samuel. ] 1860. [Review of Origin. ] Quarterly Review 108: …
  • … against it on the grounds of cost (see letter to Asa Gray, 24 October [1860] ). See …
  • … also letters to Asa Gray , 31 October [1860] and …
  • … 26 November [1860] . The review was eventually published privately by Gray and CD in …
  • … Gray] 1860b), see letter to Charles Lyell, 23 [September 1860] , and letter from …
  • … Charles Lyell, 25 September 1860 . See …
  • … also letters to Asa Gray , 19 October [1860] and …
  • … 24 October [1860] . Gray apparently asked CD whether he thought Thomas Henry Huxley would …
  • … Review . See letter to T.  H.  Huxley, 11 December [1860] , and Correspondence vol.  9. …
  • … bishop of Oxford ( [Wilberforce] 1860 ). For Charles Lyell’s favourable opinion of …

To Asa Gray   26 September [1860]

Summary

Has read sheets of AG’s third Atlantic Monthly article [Oct 1860] and praises it and AG’s other reviews and articles highly.

Is surprised at the inability of others to grasp the meaning of natural selection.

Has been testing the sensitivity of Drosera, which he finds remarkable.

Asks if AG will be able to make some observations on orchids for him.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  26 Sept [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (28)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2930

Matches: 18 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   26 September [1860] …
  • … D.  Dana, 30 July [1860] . …
  • … University (28) Charles Robert Darwin Eastbourne Down letterhead 26 Sept [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … AG’s third Atlantic Monthly article [Oct 1860] and praises it and AG’s other reviews and …
  • … is to Karl Ernst von Baer . See letter to Charles Lyell, 28 [September 1860] and n.  8. …
  • … See letter to Charles Lyell, 5 [July 1860] , and letter from …
  • … Charles Lyell, 25 September 1860 . Maria Hooker had apparently sent CD a letter that Gray …
  • … Dana returned to the United States in August 1860, having spent over a year in Europe …
  • … in his health ( American Journal of Science and Arts 30 (1860): 308). See letter to J.   …
  • … see letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] ). Hooker had just left for Syria ( L.  Huxley …
  • … See letter from Charles Lyell, 25 September 1860 . The paper was reprinted in the November …
  • … 86. See letter to Charles Lyell, 3 October [1860] . The article was not published in the …
  • … Letter from W.  H.  Harvey, 24 August 1860 . See n.  6, above. William Henry Harvey and …
  • … Harvey wrote to Gray on 3 November 1860: ‘“Almost thou persuadest me to be a Darwinite“— …
  • … and Gunther 1975 , pp.  454–5. See letter from Asa Gray, 20 February 1860 , and letter to …
  • … Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] . …
  • … In May 1860, CD recorded in his journal the sum of £ 21 17 s . 6 d . , which represented …
  • … of America ( Agassiz 1857–62 ). In June 1860, he was appointed assistant professor of …

To Asa Gray   26 November [1860]

Summary

Has reread AG’s third Atlantic Monthly article. It is admirable, but CD cannot go as far as AG on design.

Mentions other opinions and reviews of Origin.

Relates some experiments on Drosera showing its extreme sensitivity; requests some observations on orchids.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  26 Nov [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (27)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2998

Matches: 16 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   26 November [1860] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (27) Charles Robert Darwin Down 26 Nov [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … theory. [Read 27 March, 10 April, and 1 May 1860. ] Memoirs of the American Academy of …
  • … been found. Letter to Asa Gray, 31 October [1860] . CD refers to the second part of Gray’s …
  • … it was published in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3d ser.  6 (1860): 373–86. …
  • … See letter to Asa Gray, 26 September [1860] . CD received the third part of the article ([ …
  • … London: S. Low. Olmsted, Frederick Law. 1860. A journey in the back country in the winter …
  • … Daniel Oliver, 23 November 1860 . CD had sent Gray a memorandum outlining observations he …
  • … See letter to Asa Gray, 31 October [1860] and the enclosure. CD had read Frederick Law …
  • … A journey in the back country ( Olmsted 1860 ), chronicled Olmsted’s travels from New …
  • … See letter to Asa Gray, 26 September [1860] . CD annotated this passage ([Gray] 1860b, …
  • … the letter to T.  H. Huxley, 16 November [1860] , CD had learned about Du Bois-Reymond’s …
  • … letter to T.  H.  Huxley, 1 November [1860] ). CD added a sentence to the fourth edition …
  • … also letter to T.  H.  Huxley, 1 November [1860] and n.  4. Gray 1857 . CD’s copy is in …
  • … by questioning Daniel Oliver . See letters to Daniel Oliver , 16 November [1860] and [ …
  • … 21 November 1860] , and letter from …

To Asa Gray   25 April [1860]

Summary

Origin reviews. Is annoyed at Richard Owen’s malignity [Edinburgh Rev. 111 (1860): 487–532].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  25 Apr [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (13)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2767

Matches: 11 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   25 April [1860] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (13) Charles Robert Darwin Down 25 Apr [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … reviews. Is annoyed at Richard Owen’s malignity [ Edinburgh Rev. 111 (1860): 487–532]. …
  • … Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette , 7 April 1860, pp.  312–13. See Appendix V.   …
  • … see letter to Gardeners’ Chronicle , [13 April 1860]. Bentham and Hooker 1862 –83. See …
  • … letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 12 March [1860] . …
  • … Review 90: 474–506. Laugel, Antoine Auguste. 1860. Nouvelle théorie d’histoire naturelle. …
  • … also letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 18 [April 1860] . [Bowen] 1860a, pp.  494–9. In his copy of …
  • … still divides it from reason? ’ ( [Bowen] 1860 , p.  497). CD scored this passage in his …
  • … margin. The New York Times , 28 March 1860, p.  3, carried a long and generally favourable …
  • … of the origin of species is based. Laugel 1860 . There is an annotated copy in the Darwin …

To Asa Gray   3 July [1860]

Summary

Origin has "stirred up the mud with a vengeance"; AG and three or four others have saved CD from annihilation and are responsible for the attention now given to the subject. Reports events at Oxford BAAS meeting.

New evidence supports AG’s view of a warm post-glacial period.

Discusses his recent orchid observations.

Poses AG a question on design in nature.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  3 July [1860]
Classmark:  Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (41)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2855

Matches: 17 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   3 July [1860] …
  • … University (41) Charles Robert Darwin Sudbrook Park Down letterhead 3 July [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … See letter from Hugh Falconer, 9 July 1860 , and K.  M.  Lyell ed.  1881, 2: 334–5. …
  • … and 24 December [1859] ; see also letter to Asa Gray, 7 January [1860] . Hooker 1854b . …
  • … Press. 1985–. Draper, John William. 1860. On the intellectual development of Europe, …
  • … Gray had sent CD the June 1860 issue of a New York periodical, the Mathematical Monthly . …
  • … symmetry of the honey-bees’ cells’ ( Wright 1860 ). This issue of the Mathematical Monthly …
  • … Richmond, Surrey, from 28 June to 7 July 1860 (‘Journal’; Appendix II). Gray was preparing …
  • … sections, pp. 115–16. Hopkins, William. 1860. Physical theories of the phenomena of life. …
  • … Origin (see letter to Asa Gray, 8 June [ 1860] ). It was published as the last part of his …
  • … in the Atlantic Monthly ([Gray] 1860b). See letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 2 July 1860 . …
  • … Draper 1860 . See preceding letter and n.  3. …
  • … a copy of the New York Times , 28 March [1860], which contained a review of Origin . …
  • … See letter to Asa Gray, 25 April [1860] and n.  5. [Gray] 1860b comprised three articles …
  • … was probably drawn from Whewell 1840 . Hopkins 1860 . CD’s letter to William Hopkins …
  • … see letter to Charles Lyell, 5 [July 1860] . CD discussed the work of William Herbert , …
  • … not been found. He left England on 6 July 1860 for a tour in France, Belgium, and Germany. …

To Asa Gray   28 January [1860]

Summary

If an American edition of Origin is considered worth while, CD would like AG’s reviews prefixed to it.

Will use all his strength to produce first part of his three-volume big work [Variation].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  28 Jan [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (43)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2665

Matches: 15 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   28 January [1860] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (43) Charles Robert Darwin Down 28 Jan [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … By Charles Darwin. New York: D. Appleton. 1860. Rogers, Emma, ed. 1896. Life and letters …
  • … Origin . See letter from Asa Gray to J.  D.  Hooker, 5 January 1860 , and letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, [22 January 1860] and n.  3. CD was in London from 24 to 27 January ( Emma …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1860. Origin 3d ed. : On the origin of species by …
  • … to the second edition of Origin , published on 7 January 1860, see Correspondence vol.  7. …
  • … See the letters to Asa Gray , 1 February [1860] and [8  …
  • … or 9 February 1860] , in which CD enclosed additional changes for the American edition of …
  • … of the letter from Asa Gray, [10 January 1860] . His review of Origin however, was not …
  • … American edition. Gray’s letter of 23 January [1860] , discussing details of the American …
  • … see letter to Asa Gray, [8 or 9 February 1860] ). For CD’s arrangement with John Murray …
  • … See also letter to Asa Gray, 1 February [1860] . CD refers to Jeffries Wyman and Louis …
  • … a lecture delivered by Agassiz in January 1860 that was reported in a Boston newspaper. It …
  • … from lecture by Agassiz, Boston, January 1860’ ( Wilson ed.  1970 , pp.  348–9) that …

To Asa Gray   [8 or 9 February 1860]

Summary

Sends historical preface and corrections for American edition of Origin;

would have liked AG’s review [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 29 (1860): 153–84] at the head.

Agrees with AG’s assessment of weak points.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  [8 or 9 Feb 1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (11)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2701

Matches: 12 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   [8 or 9 February 1860] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (11) Charles Robert Darwin Down [8 or 9 Feb 1860] Asa Gray …
  • … letter from Asa Gray, 23 January 1860 . The sentence was corrected in Origin US ed. , p.   …
  • … 186–7. Jeffries Wyman and James Dwight Dana . See letter from Asa Gray, 23 January 1860 . …
  • … liked AG’s review [ Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 29 (1860): 153–84] at the head. Agrees with AG’s …
  • … revised and augmented by the author. By Charles Darwin. New York: D. Appleton. 1860. …
  • … has received Gray’s letter of 23 January 1860 , to which he also alludes in the following …
  • … electrotyped plates, and is dated ‘Feb.  1860. ’ The ‘one page more of corrections’ that …
  • … 1853, pp.  186–7. See the enclosure with the letter to Asa Gray, 1 February [1860] . See …
  • … sent ( letter to Asa Gray, 8 March [1860] ), had to be listed separately in a supplement ( …
  • … Correspondence vol.8, Appendix IV.  See also letter to Asa Gray, 1 February [1860] . See …
  • … letter from Asa Gray, 23 January 1860 . In the authorised American edition of Origin , the …

To Asa Gray   2 March [1860]

Summary

Has been ill with pleurisy.

Sends more corrections and additions for American edition of Origin.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  2 Mar [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (24)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2718

Matches: 6 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   2 March [1860] …
  • … Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (24) Charles Robert Darwin Down 2 Mar [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … to the following letter and to the letter to Asa Gray, 8 March [1860] . Probably …
  • … the letter from Asa Gray, 20 February 1860 . CD replied to it in …
  • … his next letter to Gray ( letter to Asa Gray, 8 March [1860] ). See …
  • … letter to Asa Gray, 8 March [1860] . …

To Asa Gray   5 June [1861]

Summary

AG’s review of John Phillips’ book [Life on earth (1860), in Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 31 (1861): 444–9].

Thinks his experiments will explain Primula dimorphism.

Insect fertilisation of orchids.

Wishes that the "greatest curse on Earth", slavery, were abolished.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  5 June [1861]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (60)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3176

Matches: 18 hits

  • … of John Phillips’ book [ Life on earth (1860), in Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 31 (1861): 444–9]. …
  • … this work (see Correspondence vol.  9, Appendix VII). Murray 1860 . This paper was read …
  • … Royal Society of Edinburgh on 20 February 1860. Before it was published, Murray sent CD a …
  • … John Murray. 1859. Phillips, John. 1860. Life on the earth, its origin and succession. …
  • … on the paper, see Correspondence vol.  8, letters to Andrew Murray , 28 April [1860] and …
  • … 5 May [1860] , and to Charles …
  • … Lyell , 1 [June 1860], and letter from …
  • … Andrew Murray, 3 May 1860 . A.  Gray 1861a (see Correspondence vol.  9, Appendix III). See …
  • … beyond all belief. Gray’s review of Phillips 1860 ( A.  Gray 1861b ) was published in the …
  • … of this work (see Correspondence vol.  8, letter to John Phillips, 14 November [1860] ). …
  • … An annotated copy of Phillips 1860 , inscribed ‘From the Author’, is in the Darwin …
  • … Phillips at the University of Cambridge in 1860, addressed the question of the origin of …
  • … 8, letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] ). Phillips argued that the fossil record, …
  • … of strata, and is still living’ and yet ‘gives no generic branches’ ( Phillips 1860 , p.   …
  • … 212). Phillips 1860 , pp.  108–14. Phillips argued that ‘the comparative fewness of the …
  • … see Correspondence vol.  8, letters to J.  D. Hooker, 13 [April 1860] , and to Gardeners’ …
  • … Chronicle , [before 13 April 1860]). CD saw the dimorphic condition of Primula as …
  • … vol.  8, letter to Asa Gray, 31 October [1860] . See also letter to Asa Gray, 11 April [ …

To Asa Gray   14 December [1860]

Summary

Encloses note from Huxley [see 3022], who would be grateful for Chauncey Wright’s review.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  14 Dec [1860]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (39)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3023

Matches: 8 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   14 December [1860] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (39) Charles Robert Darwin Down 14 Dec [1860] Asa Gray …
  • … by Trübner and Company in London ( Dupree 1959 , p.  299). Probably Fawcett 1860 . …
  • … of Harvard University. Fawcett, Henry. 1860. A popular exposition of Mr Darwin on the …
  • … England. See letter to Asa Gray, 11 December [1860] . CD refers to the American Journal of …
  • … See letter to Asa Gray, 11 December [1860] . The review had been published in three parts. …
  • … the second part, see the letter to Asa Gray, 26 September [1860] . William Henry Harvey’ …
  • … letter to Asa Gray , dated 3 November 1860, is in the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University. …
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Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics

Summary

On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…

Matches: 29 hits

  • … On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s  Origin of …
  • … in railway stations ( letter to Charles Lyell, 14 January [1860] ). By May, with the work …
  • … be nice easy reading.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] ). Origin : reactions and …
  • … his main argument ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 January [1860] ). Darwin’s magnanimous …
  • … utterly  smashed’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). (A chronological list of all the …
  • … the only track that leads to physical truth’ (Sedgwick 1860) that most wounded Darwin. Having spent …
  • … investigation.—’ ( letter to J. S. Henslow, 8 May [1860] ). Above all else Darwin prided …
  • … ample lot of facts.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 18 February [1860] ). To those who objected that his …
  • … as real.’ ( letter to C. J. F. Bunbury, 9 February [1860] ). This helps to explain why Darwin was …
  • … progression ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860] ). To this and Lyell’s many other …
  • … than a success ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 February [1860] ). I think geologists …
  • … to reasoning.’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 18 May 1860 ). Darwin began to tabulate (and …
  • … and five botanists ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 March [1860] ). Others, like François Jules …
  • … at it, makes me sick!’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 3 April [1860] ). By the end of 1860, Darwin …
  • … those of embryology ( letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] ). Only his theory, he believed, …
  • … of species ( see letter from T. H. Huxley, 6 August 1860 ). But Baer in fact eventually opposed …
  • … other animals’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] )— he and others were well aware that …
  • … after 4 hours battle’ (letter from J. D. Hooker, 2 July 1860). Other correspondents informed Darwin …
  • … thing for subject.—’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). Further details of the meeting, …
  • … theological reform tract  Essays and reviews  in January 1860 as to that of  Origin  itself. …
  • … ( letter from J. S. Henslow to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1860 ). What worried Darwin most about such …
  • … support altogether (letters to Charles Lyell, 1 June [1860] and 11 August [1860] ). As …
  • … view the subject’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 15 February [1860] ); later he became ‘fairly sick’ …
  • … of his geological argument, he wrote to Lyell on 6 June [1860] : 'I am beginning to despair …
  • … Darwin was not, however, entirely preoccupied in 1860 with his critics and the reception of  Origin …
  • … two days after the second edition was issued, on 9 January 1860, he turned to preparing the first …
  • … compressed arguments of  Origin . Many of the letters of 1860 pertain to his collection of further …
  • … in the fertilisation of plants. In the spring and summer of 1860, he began to investigate the …
  • … changed structure.’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 27 April [1860] ). Tracing the complicated …

British Association meeting 1860

Summary

Several letters refer to events at the British Association for the Advancement of Science held in Oxford, 26 June – 3 July 1860. Darwin had planned to attend the meeting but in the end was unable to. The most famous incident of the meeting was the verbal…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … the Advancement of Science meeting in Oxford, June–July 1860 Several letters in the year 1860
  • … Advancement of Science held in Oxford, 26 June – 3 July 1860. Darwin had planned to attend the …
  • … broken down” (letter to Charles Lyell, 25 [June 1860] ). Undoubtedly the most famous …
  • … are less well known. The following account of the 1860 meeting of the British Association in …
  • … by their precise attribution. Athenæum , 7 July 1860, p. 19: Introduction to the reports …
  • … lively during the week. Athenæum , 7 July 1860, pp. 25–6: Thursday session of Section D. …
  • … monkey was the gift of speech. Athenæum , 14 July 1860, pp. 64–5: Saturday session, …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 4 hits

  • … should not be in conflict. A TREMENDOUS FURORE: 1859-1860 In which Darwin distributes …
  • … in the long run prevail. CERTAIN BENEFICIAL LINES: 1860 Asa Gray presents his argument …
  • … 1859 70  A GRAY TO JD HOOKER, 5 JANUARY 1860 71L AGASSIZ, JULY 1860
  • … 100 A GRAY, ATLANTIC MONTHLY FOR JULY, AUGUST AND OCTOBER, 1860 101 GRAY’S ARTICLE IN THE …

New material added to the American edition of Origin

Summary

A ‘revised and augmented’ American edition of Origin came on the market in July 1860, and was the only authorised edition available in the US until 1873. It incorporated many of the changes Darwin made to the second English edition, but still contained…

Matches: 11 hits

  • … response to Darwin (see letters from Asa Gray, [10 January 1860], [17 January 1860], and 23 January …
  • … of stereotyping (see letter from Asa Gray, 23 January [1860] and n. 2). The firm agreed, however, to …
  • … of species (two letters to Baden Powell, 18 January 1860), Darwin subsequently changed his mind. On …
  • … this off to Gray enclosed in his letter of [8 or 9 February 1860]. He had earlier sent Gray some …
  • … given by Hewett Cottrell Watson in his letter of [3? January 1860]) that Darwin wanted inserted at …
  • … American edition in the letter to Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860]. Darwin suggested to Gray that …
  • … additional corrections” (letter to Asa Gray, 1 February [1860]). By 1 May 1860, D. Appleton …
  • … printings of Origin (see letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] and enclosure) and were preparing to …
  • … American edition of Origin was available in July 1860 (see [Gray] 1860b, p. 116). It is …
  • …   Charles Darwin Down, Bromley, Kent, Feb. 1860   [Darwin’s …
  • … 363–6). See also letter from John Lubbock, [after 28 April 1860?]. 4 Origin , p. 188. …

Natural Selection: the trouble with terminology Part I

Summary

Darwin encountered problems with the term ‘natural selection’ even before Origin appeared.  Everyone from the Harvard botanist Asa Gray to his own publisher came up with objections. Broadly these divided into concerns either that its meaning simply wasn’t…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … ( Charles Darwin to Charles Lyell   6 June [1860 ]) Darwin encountered problems with the …
  • … ( Charles Darwin to Charles Lyell, 6 June [1860]) To Lyell, Darwin wrote: ‘ I doubt …

Essay: Design versus necessity

Summary

—by Asa Gray DESIGN VERSUS NECESSITY.—DISCUSSION BETWEEN TWO READERS OF DARWIN’S TREATISE ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, UPON ITS NATURAL THEOLOGY. (American Journal of Science and Arts, September, 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic or pantheistic…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … (American Journal of Science and Arts, September , 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic …

Essay: Natural selection & natural theology

Summary

—by Asa Gray NATURAL SELECTION NOT INCONSISTENT WITH NATURAL THEOLOGY. Atlantic Monthly for July, August, and October, 1860, reprinted in 1861. I Novelties are enticing to most people; to us they are simply annoying. We cling to a long-accepted…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Monthly for  July ,  August , and  October , 1860, reprinted in 1861. I …

Review: The Origin of Species

Summary

- by Asa Gray THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION (American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1860) This book is already exciting much attention. Two American editions are announced, through which it will become familiar to many…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … (American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1860) This book is already exciting much …

Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … plant sensitivity: To Charles Lyell,  24 November [1860] : describing experiments on …
  • … On co-adaptation: To J. D. Hooker,  12 July [1860] : on adaptation in Orchis pyramidalis …

Rewriting Origin - the later editions

Summary

For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions.  Many of his changes were made in…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … the last proof sheets on 26 December 1859 ; published 1860 1 st US ‘revised and augmented’ …
  • … 2 nd to 3 rd editions; US edition By June 1860 Darwin was at least open to the …
  • … be needed ‘ soon, ever, or never ’.  By November 1860 he had heard that it was , and it was …
  • … additions now sent.— In the meantime, in July 1860, a ‘revised and augmented’ American …
  • … he had yet to start it on 28 January, but on 2 February 1860 he told Herbert Spencer that it was …
  • … (see letter from Jeffries Wyman, [ c . 15] September 1860 ). Among pigs in a particular …
  • … who only began corresponding with Darwin in November 1860, too late for the third edition.   …

The whale-bear

Summary

Darwin came to regard ‘bear’ as a ‘word of ill-omen’.  In the first edition of Origin he told the story of a black bear seen swimming for hours with its mouth wide open scooping insects from the water ‘like a whale’. He went on to imagine that natural…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ( William Henry Harvey to Charles Darwin, 24 August 1860 ) Darwin came to regard ‘bear’ as …

From morphology to movement: observation and experiment

Summary

Darwin was a thoughtful observer of the natural world from an early age. Whether on a grand scale, as exemplified by his observations on geology, or a microscopic one, as shown by his early work on the eggs and larvae of tiny bryozoans, Darwin was…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … In a letter to  Gardeners’ Chronicle  in June 1860 , he asked readers living in other parts of …
  • … plant  Drosera rotundifolia  (common sundew) in 1860, around the same time he began work on orchid …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … them to spread. It takes up the story of Darwin’s life in 1860, in the immediate aftermath of the …
  • … out to me. No doubt many will be. Darwin to Huxley, 1860. I cannot tell …

Syms Covington

Summary

When Charles Darwin embarked on the Beagle voyage in 1831, Syms Covington was ‘fiddler & boy to Poop-cabin’. Covington kept an illustrated journal of his observations and experiences on the voyage, noting wildlife, landscapes, buildings and people and,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … a new ear-trumpet  for him from London, and again  in 1860 .  Covington still assisted …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … implements of early humans (C. Lyell 1859). In September 1860 he visited sites in both France and …
  • … ( Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 4 May [1860] and n. 3; Hutchinson 1914, 1: 51). …
  • … book, Prehistoric times (Lubbock 1865).  By 1860, Lyell had begun work on a sixth edition …
  • … completed and set in type for Elements of geology in 1860 and then re-set in 1861 for …
  • … well as the Swiss lake-dwellings, was originally written in 1860 for the sixth edition of the ‘ …
  • … discoveries and conclusions which had been made before 1860; but I gladly took advantage of the …
  • … to them, or to any authors of later date than the summer of 1860, I must have expanded the plan of …
  • … expenditures, and condition of the institution for the year 1860  15 (1861): 284–343. Translated by …

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

Matches: 4 hits

  • …  vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). In the same letter he reminded Lyell of …
  • … who was already ill-disposed towards Owen following his 1860 review of  Origin , wrote to Falconer …
  • … exercise Darwin was Huxley’s assertion, first made in his 1860 review of  Origin , that in order …
  • …  and  Viola species, had interested Darwin since 1860; it continued to capture his attention ( …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … any of his children were ill, Darwin was unable to work. In 1860 his seventeen-year-old daughter …
  • … on account of Etty.’ (Darwin to W. D. Fox,  18 October [1860] ) Seven of the Darwin children lived …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 2814 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 22 May [1860] Darwin writes to Gray about the …
  • … Letter 2855 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 3 July [1860] Darwin writes to Gray and tells him …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … to the copy he had sent five years previously in his 1860 letter to Hooker , Darwin exclaimed …
  • … matter, and he was far more satisfied with the results. In 1860-61 and again in 1864 Charles Darwin …
  • … most transformative photographs of Darwin.The years between 1860 and 1864 took a physical and …
  • … his ‘venerable beard’! Images: Charles Darwin, 1860-61, William Darwin, Courtesy of Harvard …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Bridges, Thomas (b) [Oct 1860 or after] [Keppel …
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