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To J. D. Hooker   15 January [1861]

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Summary

CD’s opinion of minor critics and commentators on Origin.

H. C. Watson’s notion of genera converging is dismissed.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  15 Jan [1861]
Classmark:  DAR 115.2: 85
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3047

Matches: 20 hits

  • … and augmented by the author. By Charles Darwin. New York: D. Appleton. 1860. Phillips, …
  • … John. 1860. Life on the earth, its origin and succession. …
  • … Macmillan and Co. Spencer, Herbert. 1860–2. First principles. London: George Manwaring; …
  • … Bibliography Bree, Charles Robert. 1860. Species not transmutable, nor the result of …
  • … Maclachlan & Stewart. Collins, William Wilkie. 1860. The woman in white. 3 vols. London. …
  • … slowly after having contracted what was thought to be typhus fever in 1860. Hooker and …
  • … George Bentham had begun work late in 1860 on an ambitious project to prepare a complete …
  • … University Press. 1910–11. Freke, Henry. 1860. Observations upon Mr Darwin’s recently …
  • … Correspondence vol.  8, letter from H.  C.  Watson, [3? January 1860] , and letter to H.   …
  • … C.  Watson, [5–11 January 1860] . CD discussed Watson’s views and his objection to natural …
  • … plants published in the first nine months of 1860 to the Natural History Review n.s.  1 ( …
  • … Huxley, 3 January [1861] and n.  15. Stur 1860 . There is a copy of the work in the Darwin …
  • … third volume of Watson 1847–59 , published in 1859. Phillips 1860 . CD’s annotated copy is …
  • … in the Darwin Library–CUL. Bree 1860 . CD’s lightly annotated copy is in the Darwin …
  • … had published a brief notice in October 1860 claiming to have preceded CD by publishing in …
  • … There is a copy of this notice ( Freke 1860 ) in the Darwin Pamphlet Collection–CUL. …
  • … of Herbert Spencer’s First principles ( Spencer 1860–2 ) was published in January 1861. CD …
  • … this work. His copy, which is not annotated, is in the Darwin Library–CUL. Collins 1860 . …
  • … Olmsted 1860 . Hooker undertook a botanical expedition in the Himalayas between 1848 and …
  • … 7: 330–40. ] Olmsted, Frederick Law. 1860. A journey in the back country in the winter of …

To Charles Lyell   2 February [1861]

Summary

Quotes passage from letter from Asa Gray dealing with views of Francis Bowen on heredity and Agassiz "(foolish man)" on heredity and languages.

Sent CL the Calcutta Review [with Edward Blyth’s review of Origin, 35 (1860): 64–88].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  2 Feb [1861]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.238)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3054

Matches: 13 hits

  • … review of Origin appeared in the September 1860 issue of the Calcutta Review , a copy of …
  • … Sent CL the Calcutta Review [with Edward Blyth’s review of Origin , 35 (1860): 64–88]. …
  • … Bibliography Agassiz, Louis. 1860. On the origin of species. American Journal of Science …
  • … and Magazine of Natural History 3d ser. 6 (1860): 219–32. ] Bowen, Francis. 1860b. Remarks …
  • … theory. [Read 27 March, 10 April, and 1 May 1860. ] Memoirs of the American Academy of …
  • … Britain (see Correspondence vol.  8, letters to Charles Lyell , 12 September [1860] , 23 [ …
  • … September 1860] , and …
  • … 4 December [1860] ). Lyell approved the proposal ( ibid . , …
  • … letter to Asa Gray, 24 October [1860] ). See also Correspondence vol.  9, Appendix III.   …
  • … the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 5 (1860–2): 102, Agassiz expressed his ‘general …
  • … Academy of Arts and Sciences. 5 (1860–2): 102–10. Correspondence : The correspondence of …
  • … Bowen] 1860a, Bowen 1860b , and Agassiz 1860 ) and had spoken out against the book at …
  • … American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1860 (see Correspondence vol.  8). The reference …

To Asa Gray   5 June [1861]

Summary

AG’s review of John Phillips’ book [Life on earth (1860), in Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 31 (1861): 444–9].

Thinks his experiments will explain Primula dimorphism.

Insect fertilisation of orchids.

Wishes that the "greatest curse on Earth", slavery, were abolished.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  5 June [1861]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (60)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3176

Matches: 18 hits

  • … of John Phillips’ book [ Life on earth (1860), in Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 31 (1861): 444–9]. …
  • … this work (see Correspondence vol.  9, Appendix VII). Murray 1860 . This paper was read …
  • … Royal Society of Edinburgh on 20 February 1860. Before it was published, Murray sent CD a …
  • … John Murray. 1859. Phillips, John. 1860. Life on the earth, its origin and succession. …
  • … on the paper, see Correspondence vol.  8, letters to Andrew Murray , 28 April [1860] and …
  • … 5 May [1860] , and to Charles …
  • … Lyell , 1 [June 1860], and letter from …
  • … Andrew Murray, 3 May 1860 . A.  Gray 1861a (see Correspondence vol.  9, Appendix III). See …
  • … beyond all belief. Gray’s review of Phillips 1860 ( A.  Gray 1861b ) was published in the …
  • … of this work (see Correspondence vol.  8, letter to John Phillips, 14 November [1860] ). …
  • … An annotated copy of Phillips 1860 , inscribed ‘From the Author’, is in the Darwin …
  • … Phillips at the University of Cambridge in 1860, addressed the question of the origin of …
  • … 8, letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] ). Phillips argued that the fossil record, …
  • … of strata, and is still living’ and yet ‘gives no generic branches’ ( Phillips 1860 , p.   …
  • … 212). Phillips 1860 , pp.  108–14. Phillips argued that ‘the comparative fewness of the …
  • … see Correspondence vol.  8, letters to J.  D. Hooker, 13 [April 1860] , and to Gardeners’ …
  • … Chronicle , [before 13 April 1860]). CD saw the dimorphic condition of Primula as …
  • … vol.  8, letter to Asa Gray, 31 October [1860] . See also letter to Asa Gray, 11 April [ …

From Henry Fawcett   16 July [1861]

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Summary

Elaborates on his article ["A popular exposition of Mr Darwin on the origin of species", Macmillan’s Mag. 3 (1860): 81–92]. Was anxious to point out that CD’s method of investigation is philosophically correct. Asks permission to call.

Author:  Henry Fawcett
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  16 July [1861]
Classmark:  DAR 98 (ser. 2): 29–30
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2868

Matches: 13 hits

  • … origin of species", Macmillan’s Mag. 3 (1860): 81–92]. Was anxious to point out that CD’s …
  • … The year is given by the reference to Fawcett 1860 (see n.  2, below). …
  • … CD’s letter to Fawcett of 6 December [1860] , commenting on his article ‘A popular …
  • … Mr.  Darwin on the Origin of species’, published in the December 1860 issue of Macmillan’ …
  • … s Magazine ( Fawcett 1860 ), is in the Supplement to Correspondence vol. 18. There is an …
  • … a letter to Thomas Henry Huxley, 5 [December 1860] ( Correspondence vol.  8). In the fifth …
  • … London: John Murray. 1859. [Sedgwick, Adam. ] 1860. Objections to Mr Darwin’s theory of …
  • … the origin of species. Spectator , 24 March 1860, pp. 285–6. [ …
  • … Reprinted with revisions in ibid. , 7 April 1860, pp. 334–5. ] …
  • … University Press. 1927–96. Fawcett, Henry. 1860. A popular exposition of Mr Darwin on the …
  • … Sedgwick’s charge (in [A.  Sedgwick] 1860 ) that CD had violated the rules of induction, …
  • … in a letter to Alexander Bain, 11 April 1860 (Mineka and Lindley eds.  1972, p.  695). [ …
  • … appeared in Fawcett’s article ( Fawcett 1860 , p.  83), where he attributed it to the …

To Henry Fawcett   20 July 1861

Summary

"You could not possibly have told me anything which would have given me more satisfaction than what you say about Mr. Mill’s opinion." [See 2868.]

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Henry Fawcett
Date:  20 July 1861
Classmark:  Karpeles Manuscript Library Museums
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3215A

Matches: 12 hits

  • … their reviews of Origin had criticised CD’s method of reasoning ( [A. Sedgwick] 1860 and [ …
  • … Wilberforce] 1860 ). Fawcett’s …
  • … in Macmillan’s Magazine ( Fawcett 1860 ) countered these criticisms. The signature has …
  • … University Press. 1985–. Fawcett, Henry. 1860. A popular exposition of Mr Darwin on the …
  • … 16 July [1861] , this volume, Supplement, letter to Henry Fawcett, 6 December [1860] , and …
  • … Fawcett 1860 ). Henrietta Emma Darwin was suffering from the after-effects of what was …
  • … vol. 8, letter to J. D. Hooker, 11 May [1860] and n. 5). Fawcett had told CD about a …
  • … letter to Henry Fawcett, 6 December [1860] and n. 6). Both Adam Sedgwick and Samuel …
  • … London: John Murray. 1859. [Sedgwick, Adam. ] 1860. Objections to Mr Darwin’s theory of …
  • … the origin of species. Spectator , 24 March 1860, pp. 285–6. [ …
  • … Reprinted with revisions in ibid. , 7 April 1860, pp. 334–5. ] [ …
  • … Wilberforce, Samuel. ] 1860. [Review of Origin. ] Quarterly Review 108: 225–64. …

To Daniel Oliver   26 February [1861]

Summary

Praise for DO’s paper on Hamamelidaceae ["On Sycopis", Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 23 (1862): 83–9, read 15 Mar 1860]. Everything points to its being a "bankrupt" family.

Hydropathy at Malvern may take him from Drosera. Requests Dionaea and Cypripedium.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Daniel Oliver
Date:  26 Feb [1861]
Classmark:  DAR 261.10: 39 (EH 88206022)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3072

Matches: 10 hits

  • … Soc. Lond. 23 (1862): 83–9, read 15 Mar 1860]. Everything points to its being a "bankrupt" …
  • … insectivorous plant species in the summer of 1860 (see Correspondence vol.  8). Oliver was …
  • … date. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1985–. Oliver, Daniel. 1860. On Sycopsis. [ …
  • … Read 15 March 1860. ] Transactions …
  • … of the Linnean Society of London 23 (1860–2): 83–8. [Vols. 8,9] Origin : On the origin of …
  • … genus of Hamamelidaceae, a family of trees and shrubs ( Oliver 1860 ). Oliver read it at a …
  • … meeting of the Linnean Society of London on 15 March 1860. …
  • … Oliver 1860 . For CD’s reasons for believing that such patterns indicate that a group is …
  • … the attention of botanists. ’ ( Oliver 1860 , p.  87). Oliver, after describing the …
  • … and hence be important for establishing affinity ( Oliver 1860 , p.  88). Oliver assisted …

To Cuthbert Collingwood   14 March [1861]

Summary

CD is not surprised at CC’s entire rejection of his views. Agrees that there is no direct proof of unlimited variation. Says natural selection should be viewed as comparable to wave theory of light: it is probable because it groups and explains a host of facts in several fields of science.

Agrees Louis Agassiz’s review [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 30 (1860): 142–55] is not unfair, but Agassiz misunderstands CD. His "categories of thought" are to CD merely empty words.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Cuthbert Collingwood
Date:  14 Mar [1861]
Classmark:  The British Library (Add. MS. 37725, ff. 6–9b)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3088

Matches: 12 hits

  • … Company. London: Trübner. Agassiz, Louis. 1860. On the origin of species. American Journal …
  • … Magazine of Natural History 3d ser. 6 (1860): 219–32. ] ]Collingwood, Cuthbert. 1860a. On …
  • … Louis Agassiz’s review [ Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 30 (1860): 142–55] is not unfair, but Agassiz …
  • … Society of Liverpool on 10 December 1860. In the paper, Collingwood contrasted Darwin’s …
  • … in his critical review of Origin ( Agassiz 1860 ). Collingwood concluded that Agassiz’s …
  • … Philosophical Society of Liverpool 15 (1860–1): 81–99. Correspondence : The correspondence …
  • … University Press. 1985–. Higgins, Henry Hugh. 1860. On Darwin’s theory of the ""Origin of …
  • … and Philosophical Society of Liverpool 15 (1860–1): 42–9. Origin 3d ed. : On the origin of …
  • … men, among domesticated animals’ ( Agassiz 1860 , p.  153). Collingwood then stated that …
  • … 1860b was written to defend Agassiz 1860  against the view expressed by Henry Hugh Higgins …
  • … so distinguished a naturalist’ ( Higgins 1860 , p.  42). In Collingwood 1860b , pp.  83– …
  • … as ‘categories of thought’ ( Agassiz 1860 , p.  142). Agassiz discussed the concept of ‘ …

From H. C. Watson to J. D. Hooker   4 January 1861

Summary

Comments on the travels of JDH.

Genera plantarum a most worthy undertaking.

Criticisms of the Darwin–Hooker understanding of HCW’s views of convergence.

Author:  Hewett Cottrell Watson
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  4 Jan 1861
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Directors’ Correspondence 105: 205)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3041A

Matches: 12 hits

  • … to Syria from mid-September to mid-November 1860 (L.  Huxley ed.  1918, 1: 528; see also …
  • … is in Correspondence vol.  8 (letters from [H.  C.  Watson], [3? January 1860] and …
  • … 10 May 1860, and letter to H.   …
  • … C.  Watson, [5–11 January 1860] ). See also this volume, Supplement, letter from J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, [11 May – 3 December 1860] . Hooker had been on a botanical expedition to …
  • … on the volume began in earnest in March 1860 (see Correspondence vol.  8, letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 12 March [1860] and n.  4). The aim of the work was to describe all known …
  • … vol.  8, letter from H.  C.  Watson, [3? January 1860] ). Hooker wrote to CD on …
  • … in his letter of [11 May – 3 December 1860] (this volume, Supplement), and in the missing …
  • … of his letter of [26 November – 4 December 1860] ( Correspondence vol.  8; see also …
  • … letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 4 December [1860] and n.  6). CD referred to Watson’s criticism …
  • … from J.  D.  Hooker, [11 May – 3 December 1860] ). Hooker used centripetal variation to …

To Journal of Horticulture   [17 May 1861]

Summary

Thanks Mr Beaton for his answer [to 3147].

Asks further questions on points raised in Beaton’s previous papers: whether crossing white and blue varieties of Anemone apennina produced many pale shades; whether the Mathiola incana and M. glabra which crossed freely were artificially or naturally crossed.

CD is delighted by Beaton’s assertion that "not a flower in a thousand is fertilised by its own immediate pollen".

Recounts his experiments with Leschenaultia formosa to show insect fertilisation.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Journal of Horticulture
Date:  [17 May 1861]
Classmark:  Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener, and Country Gentleman n.s. 1 (1861): 151
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3162

Matches: 12 hits

  • … s experiments, see Correspondence vol.  8, letters to J.  D. Hooker, 18 [April 1860] and …
  • … 26 April [1860] , and letters from J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, [20 April 1860] and [ …
  • … 28 April 1860] . The results of some of CD’s experiments on Leschenaultia are recorded in …
  • … book (DAR 157a). See Correspondence vol.  8, letters to James Drummond , 16 May 1860  and …
  • … 20 December [1860] , and letter from …
  • … James Drummond, 17 September 1860 . The letter in which Drummond related this information, …
  • … two points quoted in his paper (June 26, 1860) from the “king of British cross-breeders”— …
  • … crossed. Mr.  Beaton’s statement (July 24, 1860) that if the pollen of five kinds of …
  • … begonias in the Cottage Gardener , 26 June 1860, pp.  193–5, Beaton included the following …
  • … of species. ’ ( Cottage Gardener , 26 June 1860, p.  195). Mathiola glabra is a synonym of …
  • … published in the Cottage Gardener , 24 July 1860, pp.  253–5, in which he disputed the …

From Alfred Russel Wallace   30 November 1861

Author:  Alfred Russel Wallace
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  30 Nov 1861
Classmark:  DAR 181: 6
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3334

Matches: 10 hits

  • … Wallace refers may be that dated [December? 1860] (see Correspondence vol. 8), of which …
  • … on Origin in a letter, now missing, dated 16 February 1860 (see ibid. , letter to A. …
  • … R. Wallace, 18 May 1860 ). Samuel Stevens acted as Wallace’s London agent, handling the …
  • … 21 November 1861. ] ]Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 23 (1860–2): 495–566. …
  • … Bree, Charles Robert. 1860. Species not transmutable, nor the result of secondary causes. …
  • … John Murray. 1859. Phillips, John. 1860. Life on the earth, its origin and succession. …
  • … 1980). In his letter to Wallace, 18 May 1860 ( Correspondence vol. 8), CD remarked that ‘ …
  • … had told Wallace in his letter of 18 May 1860 ( Correspondence vol. 8} that he was working …
  • … J. D. Hooker, 23 [April 1861]. Bree 1860 . The comet, described as one ‘of extraordinary …
  • … provided by CD in Origin , in Phillips 1860 . For CD’s reaction to this book, see the …

To Asa Gray   23 [January 1861]

Summary

Is glad AG will publish [pamphlet of his reviews of Origin]. Insists on bearing the costs. Encloses list of institutions and individuals to whom he would send copies.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  23 [Jan 1861]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (12)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3050

Matches: 9 hits

  • … Leigh Hunt . In the issue of 18 February  1860, p.  160, the Leader and Saturday Analyst …
  • … 24 January 1861] ). In the autumn of 1860, CD asked Gray whether he would be interested in …
  • … Gray 1860a ). See Correspondence vol.  8, letters to Asa Gray , 10 September [1860] , 19  …
  • … October [1860] , 24  …
  • … October [1860] , and …
  • … 11 December [1860] , and letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 11 December [1860] . CD and Gray had agreed to share the costs of printing …
  • … vol.  8, letter to Asa Gray, 11 December [1860] ). In addition to his considerable private …
  • … sale of the first two editions of Origin in 1860. See Correspondence vol.  8, ‘Journal’ ( …

To Asa Gray   17 February [1861]

Summary

Distribution of AG’s pamphlet.

Insectivorous plants.

Informs AG of his [CD’s] notice on Pumilio in Gardeners’ Chronicle [5 Jan 1861; Collected papers 2: 36–8].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  17 Feb [1861]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (54)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3064

Matches: 9 hits

  • … volume of autobiographical recollections of Charles Robert Leslie (Taylor ed.  1860). …
  • … vol.  8, letter to Asa Gray, 31 October [1860] , in which CD asked Gray to examine the …
  • … Correspondence vol.  8, letter to Charles Lyell, 23 [September 1860] , letter from Charles …
  • … Lyell, 25 September 1860 , and letter to …
  • … Asa Gray, 24 October [1860] . The Times was carrying lengthy accounts of the worsening …
  • … 8, letter to Asa Gray, 11 December [1860] ). See letter to T.  H.  Huxley   17 February [ …
  • … children from April 1859 until February 1860, when Camilla Ludwig assumed the position. …
  • … vol.  8, letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 26 December [1860] , and letter from J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 28 December 1860 . The genus Senecio includes ragworts and groundsel. See …

To J. D. Hooker   27 [March 1861]

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Summary

H. W. Bates’s excellent article against glacial period [Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 5 (1860): 352–3] leaves CD "dumbfounded".

H. C. Watson’s hostility.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  27 [Mar 1861]
Classmark:  DAR 115.2: 93
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3102

Matches: 5 hits

  • … period [ Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 5 (1860): 352–3] leaves CD "dumbfounded". H. C. …
  • … to Charles Lyell, 15 and 16 [February 1860] ). Hooker had apparently sent CD a copy of the …
  • … periodical had begun publication in July 1860. For CD’s opinion of this number, see the …
  • … of the Linnean Society of London 23 (1860–2): 495–566. Correspondence : The correspondence …
  • … Magazine of Natural History in February 1860, CD suspected, rightly, that Thomas Vernon …

To Oswald Heer?   20 April [1861?]

Summary

Thanks for correspondent’s Untersuchungen [? Über das Klima und die Vegetationsverhältnisse des Tertiärlandes (1860)]. CD has always considered subject interesting and important.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Oswald Heer
Date:  20 Apr [1861?]
Classmark:  Catherine Barnes (dealer) (2002)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2765

Matches: 4 hits

  • … die Vegetationsverhältnisse des Tertiärlandes (1860)]. CD has always considered subject …
  • … Down’. CD’s presentation copy of Heer 1860  is in the Darwin Library–CUL.  It is annotated …
  • … Bibliography Heer, Oswald. 1860. Untersuchungen über das Klima und die …
  • … of Heer’s Untersuchungen , published in 1860 (see n.  3, below). The year is suggested by …

From John Innes   [before 6 April 1861]

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Summary

A bee’s sting always remains behind.

Author:  John Brodie Innes
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [before 6 Apr 1861]
Classmark:  DAR 48: 69
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3074

Matches: 4 hits

  • … living elsewhere (see Correspondence vol.  8, letters to John Innes , 18 July [1860] , 6  …
  • … September [1860] , 11  …
  • … September [1860] , and …
  • … 28 December [1860] ). …

From William Duppa Crotch   25 January 1861

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Summary

Physiological changes in Shetland ponies and seagulls resulting from change in diet.

Reports on the discovery of eyeless beetles in cellar [i.e., not caves]. How did they get there, and whence?

Author:  William Duppa Crotch
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  25 Jan 1861
Classmark:  DAR 47: 173–4
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3052

Matches: 6 hits

  • … date was originally written as ‘8 January 1860. ’ and then corrected by Crotch. Crotch, an …
  • … Société Entomologique de France 3d ser.  8 (1860): li. CD was interested in Anophthalmus …
  • … called into question by Andrew Murray in 1860, who cited the geographical distribution of …
  • … s explanation. See Correspondence vol.  8, letters to Andrew Murray , 28 April [1860] and …
  • … 5 May [1860] , and letter from …
  • … Andrew Murray, 3 May 1860 . …

To Gardeners’ Chronicle   [before 5 January 1861]

Summary

Describes how adhesive bladders enable the achenia of Pumilio argyrolepsis to attach themselves to the soil. James Drummond sent seeds to CD with a memorandum on the achenia.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Gardeners’ Chronicle
Date:  [before 5 Jan 1861]
Classmark:  Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, 5 January 1861, pp. 4–5
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3042

Matches: 6 hits

  • … selection, see Correspondence vol.  8, letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 28 December 1860 . …
  • … in Perth, Western Australia, in May 1860 (see Correspondence vol.  8). At the suggestion …
  • … Australia. In his letter of 8 October 1860 ( Correspondence vol.  8), Drummond included …
  • … argyrolepis . See ibid . , letters to James Drummond , 20 December [1860] , and to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 26 December [1860], and letter from J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 28 December 1860 . This word was misprinted as ‘attachedf’ in the Gardeners’ …

To Asa Gray   11 April [1861]

Summary

Huxley and CD fear Chauncey Wright’s review is too general.

Reports the praise for AG’s pamphlet.

J. S. Henslow is dying.

Francis Bowen strikes CD as weak and unobservant; presumes he is a metaphysician, which accounts for his "entire want of common sense".

Does wild Apocynum catch flies in U. S.?

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  11 Apr [1861]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (53)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3115

Matches: 8 hits

  • … theory. [Read 27 March, 10 April, and 1 May 1860. ] Memoirs of the American Academy of …
  • … me’ (see Correspondence vol.  8, letters to J.  D. Hooker, 18 [April 1860] , and to Asa …
  • … Gray , 25 April [1860]). The second ( Bowen 1860b ) CD repudiated as being ‘absurd’, ‘ …
  • … see ibid . , letter to Asa Gray, 26 November [1860] ). In Bowen 1861 , Bowen denied the …
  • … vol.  8, letter to Asa Gray, 31 October [1860] ). Gray’s observations on Spiranthes are …
  • … Academy of Arts and Sciences. 5 (1860–2): 102–10. Correspondence : The correspondence of …
  • … book, to pay the printers with’. In May 1860, CD had received £21 17 s . 6 d . Gray had …
  • … had published two reviews of Origin in 1860. The first ([Bowen] 1860a) CD described as …

To J. D. Hooker   4 February [1861]

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Summary

Changes in admission to Athenaeum.

Slowly working at his volume on Variation.

Experiments on insectivorous and "sensitive" plants.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  4 Feb [1861]
Classmark:  DAR 115.2: 87
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3057

Matches: 7 hits

  • … which an extract from it is quoted. J.  Richardson 1861 . Trollope 1861 . Collins 1860 . …
  • … Olmsted 1860 . William Henslow Hooker , the Hookers’ eldest son, was 8 years old. …
  • … Bibliography Collins, William Wilkie. 1860. The woman in white. 3 vols. London. …
  • … J.  D. Hooker, [26 November – 4 December 1860] ( Correspondence vol.  8), to restrict his …
  • … Murray. 1875. Olmsted, Frederick Law. 1860. A journey in the back country in the winter of …
  • … meeting of the Linnean Society on 21 June 1860 and published in 1861 ( Hooker 1861 ). See …
  • … from T.  H.  Huxley, [before 14 December 1860] . The third edition of Origin was published …

To George Busk   5 April [1861]

Summary

Sends two letters from G. Lincecum about ants ("perhaps the most marvellous instinct ever recorded") for possible publication. [See Gideon Lincecum, "The habits of the ""agricultural ants"" of Texas", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 6 (1862): 29–31.]

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Busk
Date:  5 Apr [1861]
Classmark:  Linnean Society of London (SP.704A)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3112

Matches: 5 hits

  • … described by Mr.  S.  B.  Buckley’ ( ibid . , p.  31). The reference is to Buckley 1860 . …
  • … Bibliography Buckley, Samuel Botsford. 1860. The cutting ant of Texas. …
  • … of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1860): 233–6. Correspondence : The correspondence of …
  • … Letters from Gideon Lincecum , 29 December 1860 ( Correspondence vol.  8), and 4 March  …
  • … of Lincecum’s letter of 29 December 1860  was read at a meeting of the Linnean Society on …
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Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics

Summary

On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…

Matches: 29 hits

  • … On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s  Origin of …
  • … in railway stations ( letter to Charles Lyell, 14 January [1860] ). By May, with the work …
  • … be nice easy reading.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] ). Origin : reactions and …
  • … his main argument ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 January [1860] ). Darwin’s magnanimous …
  • … utterly  smashed’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). (A chronological list of all the …
  • … the only track that leads to physical truth’ (Sedgwick 1860) that most wounded Darwin. Having spent …
  • … investigation.—’ ( letter to J. S. Henslow, 8 May [1860] ). Above all else Darwin prided …
  • … ample lot of facts.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 18 February [1860] ). To those who objected that his …
  • … as real.’ ( letter to C. J. F. Bunbury, 9 February [1860] ). This helps to explain why Darwin was …
  • … progression ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860] ). To this and Lyell’s many other …
  • … than a success ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 February [1860] ). I think geologists …
  • … to reasoning.’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 18 May 1860 ). Darwin began to tabulate (and …
  • … and five botanists ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 March [1860] ). Others, like François Jules …
  • … at it, makes me sick!’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 3 April [1860] ). By the end of 1860, Darwin …
  • … those of embryology ( letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] ). Only his theory, he believed, …
  • … of species ( see letter from T. H. Huxley, 6 August 1860 ). But Baer in fact eventually opposed …
  • … other animals’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] )— he and others were well aware that …
  • … after 4 hours battle’ (letter from J. D. Hooker, 2 July 1860). Other correspondents informed Darwin …
  • … thing for subject.—’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). Further details of the meeting, …
  • … theological reform tract  Essays and reviews  in January 1860 as to that of  Origin  itself. …
  • … ( letter from J. S. Henslow to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1860 ). What worried Darwin most about such …
  • … support altogether (letters to Charles Lyell, 1 June [1860] and 11 August [1860] ). As …
  • … view the subject’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 15 February [1860] ); later he became ‘fairly sick’ …
  • … of his geological argument, he wrote to Lyell on 6 June [1860] : 'I am beginning to despair …
  • … Darwin was not, however, entirely preoccupied in 1860 with his critics and the reception of  Origin …
  • … two days after the second edition was issued, on 9 January 1860, he turned to preparing the first …
  • … compressed arguments of  Origin . Many of the letters of 1860 pertain to his collection of further …
  • … in the fertilisation of plants. In the spring and summer of 1860, he began to investigate the …
  • … changed structure.’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 27 April [1860] ). Tracing the complicated …

British Association meeting 1860

Summary

Several letters refer to events at the British Association for the Advancement of Science held in Oxford, 26 June – 3 July 1860. Darwin had planned to attend the meeting but in the end was unable to. The most famous incident of the meeting was the verbal…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … the Advancement of Science meeting in Oxford, June–July 1860 Several letters in the year 1860
  • … Advancement of Science held in Oxford, 26 June – 3 July 1860. Darwin had planned to attend the …
  • … broken down” (letter to Charles Lyell, 25 [June 1860] ). Undoubtedly the most famous …
  • … are less well known. The following account of the 1860 meeting of the British Association in …
  • … by their precise attribution. Athenæum , 7 July 1860, p. 19: Introduction to the reports …
  • … lively during the week. Athenæum , 7 July 1860, pp. 25–6: Thursday session of Section D. …
  • … monkey was the gift of speech. Athenæum , 14 July 1860, pp. 64–5: Saturday session, …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 4 hits

  • … should not be in conflict. A TREMENDOUS FURORE: 1859-1860 In which Darwin distributes …
  • … in the long run prevail. CERTAIN BENEFICIAL LINES: 1860 Asa Gray presents his argument …
  • … 1859 70  A GRAY TO JD HOOKER, 5 JANUARY 1860 71L AGASSIZ, JULY 1860
  • … 100 A GRAY, ATLANTIC MONTHLY FOR JULY, AUGUST AND OCTOBER, 1860 101 GRAY’S ARTICLE IN THE …

New material added to the American edition of Origin

Summary

A ‘revised and augmented’ American edition of Origin came on the market in July 1860, and was the only authorised edition available in the US until 1873. It incorporated many of the changes Darwin made to the second English edition, but still contained…

Matches: 11 hits

  • … response to Darwin (see letters from Asa Gray, [10 January 1860], [17 January 1860], and 23 January …
  • … of stereotyping (see letter from Asa Gray, 23 January [1860] and n. 2). The firm agreed, however, to …
  • … of species (two letters to Baden Powell, 18 January 1860), Darwin subsequently changed his mind. On …
  • … this off to Gray enclosed in his letter of [8 or 9 February 1860]. He had earlier sent Gray some …
  • … given by Hewett Cottrell Watson in his letter of [3? January 1860]) that Darwin wanted inserted at …
  • … American edition in the letter to Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860]. Darwin suggested to Gray that …
  • … additional corrections” (letter to Asa Gray, 1 February [1860]). By 1 May 1860, D. Appleton …
  • … printings of Origin (see letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] and enclosure) and were preparing to …
  • … American edition of Origin was available in July 1860 (see [Gray] 1860b, p. 116). It is …
  • …   Charles Darwin Down, Bromley, Kent, Feb. 1860   [Darwin’s …
  • … 363–6). See also letter from John Lubbock, [after 28 April 1860?]. 4 Origin , p. 188. …

Natural Selection: the trouble with terminology Part I

Summary

Darwin encountered problems with the term ‘natural selection’ even before Origin appeared.  Everyone from the Harvard botanist Asa Gray to his own publisher came up with objections. Broadly these divided into concerns either that its meaning simply wasn’t…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … ( Charles Darwin to Charles Lyell   6 June [1860 ]) Darwin encountered problems with the …
  • … ( Charles Darwin to Charles Lyell, 6 June [1860]) To Lyell, Darwin wrote: ‘ I doubt …

Essay: Design versus necessity

Summary

—by Asa Gray DESIGN VERSUS NECESSITY.—DISCUSSION BETWEEN TWO READERS OF DARWIN’S TREATISE ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, UPON ITS NATURAL THEOLOGY. (American Journal of Science and Arts, September, 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic or pantheistic…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … (American Journal of Science and Arts, September , 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic …

Essay: Natural selection & natural theology

Summary

—by Asa Gray NATURAL SELECTION NOT INCONSISTENT WITH NATURAL THEOLOGY. Atlantic Monthly for July, August, and October, 1860, reprinted in 1861. I Novelties are enticing to most people; to us they are simply annoying. We cling to a long-accepted…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Monthly for  July ,  August , and  October , 1860, reprinted in 1861. I …

Review: The Origin of Species

Summary

- by Asa Gray THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION (American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1860) This book is already exciting much attention. Two American editions are announced, through which it will become familiar to many…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … (American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1860) This book is already exciting much …

Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … plant sensitivity: To Charles Lyell,  24 November [1860] : describing experiments on …
  • … On co-adaptation: To J. D. Hooker,  12 July [1860] : on adaptation in Orchis pyramidalis …

Rewriting Origin - the later editions

Summary

For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions.  Many of his changes were made in…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … the last proof sheets on 26 December 1859 ; published 1860 1 st US ‘revised and augmented’ …
  • … 2 nd to 3 rd editions; US edition By June 1860 Darwin was at least open to the …
  • … be needed ‘ soon, ever, or never ’.  By November 1860 he had heard that it was , and it was …
  • … additions now sent.— In the meantime, in July 1860, a ‘revised and augmented’ American …
  • … he had yet to start it on 28 January, but on 2 February 1860 he told Herbert Spencer that it was …
  • … (see letter from Jeffries Wyman, [ c . 15] September 1860 ). Among pigs in a particular …
  • … who only began corresponding with Darwin in November 1860, too late for the third edition.   …

The whale-bear

Summary

Darwin came to regard ‘bear’ as a ‘word of ill-omen’.  In the first edition of Origin he told the story of a black bear seen swimming for hours with its mouth wide open scooping insects from the water ‘like a whale’. He went on to imagine that natural…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ( William Henry Harvey to Charles Darwin, 24 August 1860 ) Darwin came to regard ‘bear’ as …

From morphology to movement: observation and experiment

Summary

Darwin was a thoughtful observer of the natural world from an early age. Whether on a grand scale, as exemplified by his observations on geology, or a microscopic one, as shown by his early work on the eggs and larvae of tiny bryozoans, Darwin was…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … In a letter to  Gardeners’ Chronicle  in June 1860 , he asked readers living in other parts of …
  • … plant  Drosera rotundifolia  (common sundew) in 1860, around the same time he began work on orchid …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … them to spread. It takes up the story of Darwin’s life in 1860, in the immediate aftermath of the …
  • … out to me. No doubt many will be. Darwin to Huxley, 1860. I cannot tell …

Syms Covington

Summary

When Charles Darwin embarked on the Beagle voyage in 1831, Syms Covington was ‘fiddler & boy to Poop-cabin’. Covington kept an illustrated journal of his observations and experiences on the voyage, noting wildlife, landscapes, buildings and people and,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … a new ear-trumpet  for him from London, and again  in 1860 .  Covington still assisted …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … implements of early humans (C. Lyell 1859). In September 1860 he visited sites in both France and …
  • … ( Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 4 May [1860] and n. 3; Hutchinson 1914, 1: 51). …
  • … book, Prehistoric times (Lubbock 1865).  By 1860, Lyell had begun work on a sixth edition …
  • … completed and set in type for Elements of geology in 1860 and then re-set in 1861 for …
  • … well as the Swiss lake-dwellings, was originally written in 1860 for the sixth edition of the ‘ …
  • … discoveries and conclusions which had been made before 1860; but I gladly took advantage of the …
  • … to them, or to any authors of later date than the summer of 1860, I must have expanded the plan of …
  • … expenditures, and condition of the institution for the year 1860  15 (1861): 284–343. Translated by …

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

Matches: 4 hits

  • …  vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). In the same letter he reminded Lyell of …
  • … who was already ill-disposed towards Owen following his 1860 review of  Origin , wrote to Falconer …
  • … exercise Darwin was Huxley’s assertion, first made in his 1860 review of  Origin , that in order …
  • …  and  Viola species, had interested Darwin since 1860; it continued to capture his attention ( …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … any of his children were ill, Darwin was unable to work. In 1860 his seventeen-year-old daughter …
  • … on account of Etty.’ (Darwin to W. D. Fox,  18 October [1860] ) Seven of the Darwin children lived …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 2814 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 22 May [1860] Darwin writes to Gray about the …
  • … Letter 2855 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 3 July [1860] Darwin writes to Gray and tells him …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … to the copy he had sent five years previously in his 1860 letter to Hooker , Darwin exclaimed …
  • … matter, and he was far more satisfied with the results. In 1860-61 and again in 1864 Charles Darwin …
  • … most transformative photographs of Darwin.The years between 1860 and 1864 took a physical and …
  • … his ‘venerable beard’! Images: Charles Darwin, 1860-61, William Darwin, Courtesy of Harvard …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Bridges, Thomas (b) [Oct 1860 or after] [Keppel …
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