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From Asa Gray   [10 January 1860]

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Summary

Agassiz denounces Origin as "atheistical";

AG is currently reviewing it [in Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 29 (1860): 153–84].

Jeffries Wyman praises it, though not a convert.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [10 Jan 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 98 (ser. 2): 26a
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2631

Matches: 19 hits

  • … From Asa Gray   [10 January 1860] …
  • … DAR 98 (ser. 2): 26a Asa Gray unstated [10 Jan 1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … 1988 . See also letter from Asa Gray to J.  D.  Hooker, 5 January 1860 , and letter from …
  • … Asa Gray, 23 January [1860] . …
  • … reviewing it [in Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 29 (1860): 153–84]. Jeffries Wyman praises it, though …
  • … Bibliography Agassiz, Louis. 1860. On the origin of species. American Journal of Science …
  • … and Magazine of Natural History 3d ser. 6 (1860): 219–32. ] Appel, Toby A. 1988. Jeffries …
  • … to the letter to Asa Gray, 28 January [1860] , in which CD refers to ‘your letter to me of …
  • … The manuscript was, however, marked ‘Jan 5 1860’ by Francis Darwin , perhaps on the basis …
  • … from Asa Gray to J.  D.  Hooker, 5 January 1860 . The missing portion of this letter may …
  • … version of Origin . See also letter from Asa Gray, 23 January 1860 , and letter to …
  • … John Murray, [25 January 1860] . Jeffries Wyman , a colleague of Gray’s at Harvard …
  • … below, and letter to Asa Gray, 28 January [1860] . Details concerning the public lecture …
  • … a transcript of the extract, see the letter to Asa Gray, 28 January [1860] , n.  10. At …
  • … Academy of Arts and Sciences on 25 January 1860, Agassiz and others ‘ discussed several …
  • … of the Boston Natural History Society on 15 February 1860 ( Proceedings of the Boston …
  • … Natural History Society 7 (1860): 231–5). For the debate between Gray and Agassiz over CD’ …
  • … Journal of Arts and Sciences ( Agassiz 1860 ). Gray wrote a three-part article on Origin …
  • … from Asa Gray to J.  D.  Hooker, 5 January 1860 ). Gray had asked CD about the possibility …

From Philip Lutley Sclater   [3? February 1860]

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Summary

Lists land birds of Galapagos and discusses their distribution on mainland of S. America.

Author:  Philip Lutley Sclater
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [3? Feb 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 205.3: 289
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2683

Matches: 15 hits

  • … From Philip Lutley Sclater   [3? February 1860] …
  • … DAR 205.3: 289 Philip Lutley Sclater unstated [3? Feb 1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … See letter to P.  L.  Sclater, 4 February [1860] . CD mistakenly transposed Sclater’s …
  • … See letter to John Murray, 4 February [1860] . The number of CD’s portfolio of notes …
  • … circled pencil Bottom of list : ‘Feb 4 th 1860 | L.  P. Sclater’ ink ; ‘Copy of Journal’ …
  • … the section of the preface to Journal of researches (1860) that includes Sclater’s …
  • … revisions is dated 1 February 1860, it seems that CD did not send the manuscript to John …
  • … letter to John Murray, 4 February [1860] ). In earlier editions of Journal of researches , …
  • … Press. 1985–. Journal of researches (1860): Journal of researches into the natural history …
  • … Darwin. Reprint edition. London: John Murray. 1860. Journal of researches 2d ed. : Journal …
  • … was secretary of the Zoological Society in 1860, to check the validity of this statement …
  • … of the Zoological Society on 24 January 1860, commenting in the description of Strix …
  • … of the Zoological Society of London pt 28 (1860): 82). At a later meeting of the society, …
  • … Zoological Society of London pt 28 (1860): 282). Sclater refers to Journal of researches …
  • … letter to P.  L.  Sclater, 4 February [1860] ). The Geospizinae are the Galápagos finches, …

From J. D. Hooker   [28 April 1860]

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Summary

Has examined Leschenaultia and concludes the external viscid surfaces have nothing to do with the stigmatic surface. Agrees with CD’s style and nectary conclusions; accounts for their form and position in irregular flowers by describing floral development.

[Enclosed are some queries by CD with answers by JDH. Gives information on seed setting by Mucuna

and an opinion on the abruptness of N. and S. limits of plant ranges.]

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [28 Apr 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 100: 150–1, DAR 166.2: 262
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2774

Matches: 16 hits

  • … From J.  D.  Hooker   [28 April 1860] …
  • … 100: 150–1, DAR 166.2: 262 Joseph Dalton Hooker Kew [28 Apr 1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Dated by the relationship to the letters to Joseph Dalton Hooker , 26 April [1860] and …
  • … 27 April [1860]. …
  • … In 1860, 28 April was a Saturday. Brown 1814 , pp.  559–61. Maxwell …
  • … s recent lecture on the subject ( Masters 1860 ), given at the Royal Institution on 16  …
  • … March (see letters to M.  T.  Masters, 7 April [1860] and …
  • … 13 April [1860] ). See CD note and n.  14, below. There were apparently two enclosures …
  • … Reeve Brothers. Masters, Maxwell Tylden. 1860. On the relation between the abnormal and …
  • … formations in plants. [Read 16 March 1860. ] Notices of the Proceedings at the Meetings of …
  • … to some of the questions posed by CD in the letters to J.  D.  Hooker, 26 April [1860] and …
  • … 27 April [1860] . The first enclosure is in DAR 166.2: 262. It was dated by CD ‘April  …
  • … had come across a report of this abnormal flower stem in Masters 1860 , p.  224. Hooker’ …
  • … of quotation enclosed’. In Masters 1860 , p.  225, Masters stated that Siegfried Reissek ( …
  • … 653–4. It is bound in CD’s copy of Masters 1860 (Darwin Pamphlet Collection–CUL). See also …
  • … letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 30 April [1860] and n.  3. Thesium is a tropical parasitic …

From Hugh Falconer   9 July [1860]

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Summary

Hyaena remains show how recently Sicily was joined to Africa.

Reports on the Oxford meeting of BAAS.

Author:  Hugh Falconer
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  9 July [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 164.1: 5
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2863

Matches: 10 hits

  • … From Hugh Falconer   9 July [1860] …
  • … DAR 164.1: 5 Hugh Falconer Athenaeum Club 9 July [1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … The information given in the letter was published in Anca 1860 . Falconer discussed the …
  • … the fossils from Palermo in Falconer 1860 . Respectively, the numbers of CD’s portfolios …
  • … Bibliography Anca, François. 1860. Notes on two newly discovered ossiferous caves in …
  • … Anca (see n.  3, below). See letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 2 July 1860 , and letters to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, [2 July 1860] , to T.  H.   …
  • … Huxley, 3 July [1860], and to John …
  • … Lubbock , [4 July 1860]. Anca announced his discovery at the …
  • … for the Advancement of Science ( Anca 1860 ). The fossils, found near Palermo, were given …

From Charles Lyell   25 September 1860

Summary

Returns "excellent" MS in which CD favours hybrid origin of domestic dog, which CL believes strengthens case for common progenitor of wild species.

Doubts CD’s authorities for antiquity of dingo.

Variation will raise many points for investigation.

"Leporine" hare–rabbit hybrid should be investigated.

Has re-read passages in Origin that CD suggested.

Annals of Natural History would probably reprint Gray’s review of Origin at their own expense.

CD’s thought that modern reptiles could not develop into existing Mammalia but only into another high form is a "grand notion" compatible with "the infinite capacity of the creative power".

Comments on New Guinea marsupials.

Still thinks that the Australian genera and species are so well fitted for extraordinary droughts that they would get the better of the dingo.

Suggests that once there were more races of man, though from common stock. Competition and then hybridity checked divergence.

Falconer’s views on elephant classification. CL attaches little value to Falconer’s objection that mastodons and elephants do not come in chronologically, as they should in CD’s view.

Author:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  25 Sept 1860
Classmark:  The University of Edinburgh Centre for Research Collections (Lyell collection Coll-203/A3/7: 3–12)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2927A

Matches: 15 hits

  • … K.  M.  Lyell ed.  1881, 2: 339). See also letter to Charles Lyell, 28 [September 1860] . …
  • … From Charles Lyell    25 September 1860
  • … Coll-203/A3/7: 3–12) Charles Lyell, 1st baronet 25 Sept 1860 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Bibliography Anca, François. 1860. Notes on two newly discovered ossiferous caves in …
  • … See letter to Charles Lyell, 11 August [1860] . CD described the ‘doctrine’ of Pyotr Simon …
  • … See Anca 1860 . Falconer was engaged in an extensive study of the fossil elephants and …
  • … 25. Sept.  1860 I return the M.S.  on dogs which I think excellent. The case you make out …
  • … Murray. 1868. [Wilberforce, Samuel. ] 1860. [Review of Origin. ] Quarterly Review 108: …
  • … an incipient species? ’ ( [Wilberforce] 1860 , p.  235). This passage and others relating …
  • … in CD’s copy of the review (Darwin Pamphlet Collection–CUL). Selwyn 1858 and 1860. See …
  • … letter to Charles Lyell, 23 [September 1860] . Lyell visited Hugh Falconer soon after …
  • … to as the second was published in January 1860. Lyell evidently considered this to have …
  • … See letter to Charles Lyell, 5 [July 1860] . Abraham Dee Bartlett was superintendent of …
  • … called leporines at the gardens early in July 1860 (Wilson ed.  1970, p.  465). Bartlett …
  • … to include in Origin . See letter to Charles Lyell, 23 [September 1860] . Göppert 1842 . …

From William Masters   [after 7 April 1860]

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Summary

Facts and inferences relating to different varieties of sweetpeas.

Author:  William Masters
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 7 Apr 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 77: 39–40
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2622

Matches: 8 hits

  • … From William Masters   [after 7 April 1860] …
  • … T.  Masters, 13 April [1860] and CD note. …
  • … DAR 77: 39–40 William Masters unstated [after 7 Apr 1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Dated by the relationship to the letters to M.  T.  Masters, 7 April [1860] and …
  • … 13 April [1860] . The draft of CD’ …
  • … reply to this letter is headed ‘April 13 1860    to M r Masters’ (DAR 77: 27). See letter …
  • … to M.  T.  Masters, 13 April [1860] and CD note. The letter is a response to a query posed …
  • … by CD in his letter to M.  T. Masters, 7 April [1860] . See letter to M.   …

From H. G. Bronn   [before 11 March 1862]

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Asks if CD will have corrections for 2d German ed. of Origin.

CD’s theory only natural way to explain creation but contradicts current knowledge about origin of life from inorganic matter.

Has read Primula paper [Collected papers 2: 45–63] with interest.

Author:  Heinrich Georg Bronn
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [before 11 Mar 1862]
Classmark:  DAR 160.3: 319
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3363

Matches: 21 hits

  • … 1859. The German edition (Bronn trans.  1860) was published in Stuttgart by the firm of …
  • … Correspondence vol.  8, letter to T.  H.  Huxley, 2 [February 1860] , and letters to H.   …
  • … G.  Bronn, 4 February [1860] and …
  • … 5 October [1860] , and letter from H.  G.   …
  • … Bronn, 13 [or 15] October 1860 . Bronn had translated Origin into German soon after its …
  • … 1859. The German edition (Bronn trans.  1860) was published in Stuttgart by the firm of …
  • … Correspondence vol.  8, letter to T.  H.  Huxley, 2 [February 1860] , and letters to H.   …
  • … G.  Bronn, 4 February [1860] and …
  • … 5 October [1860] , and letter from H.  G.   …
  • … Bronn, 13 [or 15] October [1860] . The first German edition …
  • … of Origin (Bronn trans.  1860) had been translated from the second English edition (see …
  • … 8, letter to H.  G. Bronn, 4 February [1860] , and this volume, letter to H.  G.  Bronn, …
  • … the reviews of Origin that appeared in 1860, see Correspondence vol.  8, Appendix VII.   …
  • … of Origin that presented his own views of CD’s theory (Bronn trans.  1860, pp.  495–520). …
  • … See also Bronn 1860 , and Correspondence vol.  8, letter to H.   …
  • … G.  Bronn, 14 July [1860] , and letter from H.  G.   …
  • … Bronn, 13 [or 15] October 1860 . For a discussion of Bronn’s attitude towards CD’s theory, …
  • … the reviews of Origin that appeared in 1860, see Correspondence vol.  8, Appendix VII.   …
  • … own views of CD’s theory (Bronn trans.  1860, pp.  495–520). See also Bronn 1860a , and …
  • … Correspondence vol.  8, letter to H.  G.  Bronn, 14 July [1860] , and letter from H.  G.   …
  • … Bronn, 13 [or 15] October 1860 . For a discussion of Bronn’s attitude towards CD’s theory, …

From H. C. Watson   10 May 1860

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Summary

Returns reviews of Origin.

F. J. Pictet [Arch. Sci. Phys. & Nat. n.s. 7 (1860): 231–55] goes further than he himself realises.

Naturalists will resist CD’s views until faith in certain "impassable" barriers between existent species is shaken.

Gives CD an instance of convergence.

Author:  Hewett Cottrell Watson
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  10 May 1860
Classmark:  DAR 47: 160–1
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2793

Matches: 10 hits

  • … From H.  C.  Watson   10 May 1860
  • … DAR 47: 160–1 Hewett Cottrell Watson Thames Ditton 10 May 1860 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … F. J. Pictet [ Arch. Sci. Phys. & Nat. n.s. 7 (1860): 231–55] goes further than he himself …
  • … See letter from H.  C. Watson, [3? January 1860] . CD’s annotation refers to chapter 6 of …
  • … the German translation of Origin . See letters to Asa Gray , 8 March [1860] , and to H.   …
  • … G.  Bronn, 21 March [1860]. …
  • … 1859. Pictet de la Rive, François Jules. 1860. Sur l’origine de l’espèce par Charles …
  • … Thames Ditton | Kingston—S.W. 10 May 1860 My dear Sir I return by same post the four …
  • … Pictet de la Rive 1860 . CD’s copy of the review is in the Darwin …
  • … Collection–CUL. CD’s copy of Pictet de la Rive 1860  has been marked with the numbers 1 to …

From Daniel Oliver   25 September 1860

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Summary

His results with pure gum on Drosera spathulata entirely support CD’s opinion. Other observations on insectivorous plants.

Author:  Daniel Oliver
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  25 Sept 1860
Classmark:  DAR 58.1: 1–3
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2927

Matches: 11 hits

  • … From Daniel Oliver   25 September 1860
  • … DAR 58.1: 1–3 Daniel Oliver Kew 25 Sept 1860 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … 1861 ( Oliver 1861 ). Bromfield 1856 . See letter to Daniel Oliver, 15 [September 1860] . …
  • … Bibliography Anderson, Thomas. 1860. Florula Adenensis. A systematic account, with …
  • … with nitrogenous matter. See letters to Daniel Oliver , 21 [September 1860] and [22– …
  • … 3 September 1860] . See …
  • … letter to Daniel Oliver, 24 [September 1860] . Thomas Anderson was working at the Royal …
  • … flowering plants found in Aden ( Anderson 1860 ). In 1861 he assumed the directorship of …
  • … the Linnean Society of London on 21 June 1860. The paper was published in 1862 ( Hooker  …
  • … southern states of America ( Chapman 1860 ). Oliver published a study of the Aurantiaceae …
  • … William Pamplin. Chapman, Alvan Wentworth. 1860. Flora of the Southern United States … …

From Daniel Oliver   [15–16 October 1860]

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Summary

Extracts from botanical literature dealing with Dionaea, intercrossing, and sensitivity. [Bot. Ztg. (1833): 96; Thomas Nuttall, Genera of N. American plants (1818)].

Author:  Daniel Oliver
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [15–16 Oct 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 58.2: 53
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2623

Matches: 7 hits

  • … From Daniel Oliver   [15–16 October 1860] …
  • … James Drummond , 17 September 1860  and …
  • … 8 October 1860 . …
  • … DAR 58.2: 53 Daniel Oliver unstated [15–16 Oct 1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Dated by the relationship to the letters to Daniel Oliver 14 October [1860] and …
  • … 17 October [1860] . A note in the botanical information section in Flora, oder allgemeine …
  • … of Australian plants, see the letter to James Drummond, 16 May 1860 , and the letters from …

From G. C. Wallich   14 December [1860]

Summary

Response to [3020]. CD has been misled by errors made in the Times notice [5 Dec 1860, p. 5]. GCW does not doubt that Foraminiferous matter as well as other deep sea deposits vary greatly in thickness, but positive results are difficult to establish. Some areas of the sea bed are bare but their extent has not been established. He now thinks that he was too hasty in the conclusion that deep currents produce abrasion and rounding of gravel.

Author:  George Charles Wallich
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  14 Dec [1860]
Classmark:  DAR Pamphlet collection (bound in Wallich 1860)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3023A

Matches: 9 hits

  • … From G.  C.  Wallich   14 December [1860] …
  • … DAR Pamphlet collection (bound in Wallich 1860) George Charles Wallich London, Lampden …
  • … Hill Road, Kensington, 17 14 Dec [1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … water pressure than was previously believed possible. See Wallich 1860 , pp.  22–4. …
  • … Bibliography Wallich, George Charles. 1860. Notes on the presence of animal life at vast …
  • … errors made in the Times notice [5 Dec 1860, p. 5]. GCW does not doubt that Foraminiferous …
  • … letter to G.  C.  Wallich, 12 December [1860] , and by the reference to an article in The …
  • … Times (see n.  3, below). Letter to G.  C.  Wallich, 12 December [1860] . …
  • … The Times , 5 December 1860, p.  5. During his researches Wallich had found a number of …

From John Lubbock   [after 28 April 1860?]

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Summary

Gives CD references to papers on eyes of lower animals.

Author:  John Lubbock, 4th baronet and 1st Baron Avebury
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 28 Apr 1860?]
Classmark:  DAR 48: 68
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2394

Matches: 10 hits

  • … From John Lubbock   [after 28 April 1860? ] …
  • … and 1st Baron Avebury High Elms, Farnborough [after 28 Apr 1860? ] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Bibliography Claparède, Edouard. 1860. Zur Morphologie der zusammengesetzten Augen bei den …
  • … 191–214. [Reprinted in Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3d ser. 6 (1860): 455–7. ] …
  • … Haeckel, Ernst. 1860. Ueber die Augen und Nerven der Seesterne. Zeitschrift für …
  • … the letter to Andrew Murray, 28 April [1860] , CD responds to criticisms of his views on …
  • … see letter to Andrew Murray, 28 April [1860] ). It could also be Murray 1860b , an …
  • … of the blind insects found in caves in Europe and in the United States. Haeckel 1860 . …
  • … Claparède 1860 . The Archiv für wissenschaftliche Zoologie was co-edited by Karl Theodor …
  • … 1859, but the volume itself is dated 1860. Claparède’s study of arthropod eyes had led him …

From Charles Lyell   [before 20 November 1860]

Summary

Discusses the possibility of a land-bridge connecting Biscay with Ireland and the consequent occurrence in southern Ireland of Asturian plants which are absent from England.

Asks if Hooker or anyone has criticised Edward Forbes’ botanical migration of five floras in the British Isles ["On the connexion between the distribution of existing fauna and flora of the British Isles, and the geological changes which have affected their area", Mem. Geol. Surv. G. B. 1 (1846): 336–432].

Author:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [before 20 Nov 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 170.2: 80
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2902

Matches: 10 hits

  • … From Charles Lyell   [before 20 November 1860] …
  • … 170.2: 80 Charles Lyell, 1st baronet unstated [before 20 Nov 1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … CD’s reply, see the following letter. See letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 21 November [1860] . …
  • … Phillips 1860 , in which John Phillips addressed the question of the origin of life on …
  • … Library–CUL. Phillips cites Adam Sedgwick in Phillips 1860 , pp.  191 and 203 n.  1. …
  • … in London 1: 336–432. Phillips, John. 1860. Life on the earth, its origin and succession. …
  • … to the letter to Charles Lyell, 20 November [1860] . De la Beche 1834 , p.  190. The map …
  • … of Ellon in our last Quarterly Journal.  1860 p 349 &c. His 5 periods at p 370 can be made …
  • … in the explanation of geographical distribution. See nn.  6 and 7, below. Jamieson 1860 . …
  • … Jamieson 1860 , pp.  370–1. The text gives a synopsis of five possible stages in the ‘ …

From J. S. Henslow   5 May 1860

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Summary

Reports to CD on what he has found out about Elodea growing near Cambridge.

Sedgwick is speaking at [Cambridge] Philosophical Society on CD’s "supposed errors" [Camb. Herald & Huntingdonshire Gaz. 19 May 1860, pp. 3–4].

JSH wonders how Owen can be so savage toward CD’s views when his own are "to a certain extent of the same character".

Author:  John Stevens Henslow
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  5 May 1860
Classmark:  DAR 186: 47
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2783

Matches: 8 hits

  • … From J.  S.  Henslow   5 May 1860
  • … DAR 186: 47 John Stevens Henslow Cambridge 5 May 1860 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Camb. Herald & Huntingdonshire Gaz. 19 May 1860, pp. 3–4]. JSH wonders how Owen can be so …
  • … Lyell , 10 April [1860]). h 5‘ was CD’s chapter on the struggle for existence from his ’ …
  • … See letter to J.  S.  Henslow, 2 April [1860] . Adam Sedgwick read a paper criticising …
  • … Cambridge Philosophical Society on 7 May 1860. In November 1859, Owen had written that he …
  • … 1860a) was highly critical (see letters to T.  H.  Huxley, 9 April [1860] , and to Charles …
  • … 7 Downing Terrace | Cambridge 5 May 1860 My dear Darwin, I read your wishes to my Class—& …

From Charles Lyell   [13–14 February 1860]

Summary

Discusses phases of climate.

Describes fossil mammals discovered by Auguste Bravard in South America.

Has had argument with Bishop of Oxford [Samuel Wilberforce] about CD’s book [Origin].

Discusses review in Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Guesses that T. V. Wollaston is the author.

Discusses evidence of shells on Madeira.

Comments on paper by Wallace ["On the zoological geography of the Malay Archipelago", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 4 (1860): 172–84].

Author:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [13–14 Feb 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 205.3: 283, DAR 205.9: 395
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2694

Matches: 10 hits

  • … From Charles Lyell   [13–14 February 1860] …
  • … geography of the Malay Archipelago", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool. ) 4 (1860): 172–84]. …
  • … DAR 205.9: 395 Charles Lyell, 1st baronet unstated [13–14 Feb 1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … to Charles Lyell, 15 and 16 [February 1860] ). Oswald Heer and Charles Théophile Gaudin …
  • … Magazine of Natural History ( [Wollaston] 1860 ). Both CD and Lyell had corresponded with …
  • … 5 and 6, and Wilson ed.  1970. Wallace 1860 . Wallace had sent CD the paper and asked him …
  • … Darwin. London: John Murray. 1859. Wallace, Alexander. 1860. Remarks on the occurrence of …
  • … rarer British Sphingidae. [Read 4 June 1860. ] Transactions of the Entomological Society …
  • … attack in Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist. Febr y 1860 (v.  5. N o . 26) Surely it must be Lowe or …
  • … anonymously in the Quarterly Review 108 (1860): 225–64. Both Richard Thomas Lowe and …

From J. M. Rodwell   6 December 1860

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Summary

Discusses Origin, suggesting confirmation might come from studying reproduction in microscopic organisms.

Gives anecdotal observations of blind rats and white cats.

Author:  John Medows Rodwell
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  6 Dec 1860
Classmark:  DAR 47: 169–70
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3012

Matches: 7 hits

  • … From J.  M.  Rodwell   6 December 1860
  • … DAR 47: 169–70 John Medows Rodwell Broxbourne 6 Dec 1860 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … read ‘generally’. See letter from J.   M.  Rodwell, 31 October 1860 , and letter to J.   …
  • … M.  Rodwell, 5 November [1860] . …
  • … Griffith and Henfrey 1860. …
  • … Belle Vue House | Broxbourne. Dec.  6. 1860 My dear Sir/ I ought ere this to have replied …
  • … Letter to J.  M.  Rodwell, 5 November [1860] . Sarah Ellis lived at Rose Hill, Hoddesdon, …

From Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood   25 December [1860?]

Summary

Charlotte [Wedgwood Langton?] reports from Mr Wallis on time of day that sundew opens.

Author:  Sarah Elizabeth (Elizabeth) Wedgwood
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  25 Dec [1860?]
Classmark:  DAR 181
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3030

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood   25 December [1860? ] …
  • … 181 Sarah Elizabeth (Elizabeth) Wedgwood unstated 25 Dec [1860? ] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … E.  Darwin, [30 July 1860]. Probably Frederick Smith , a farmer residing at Thornhill …
  • … to William Wallis , whom CD first met in 1860 while visiting Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood , …
  • … rotundifolia ) when the Darwins visited Hartfield in July 1860. See letters to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 29 July [1860] , and to W.   …

From William Masters   8 May 1860

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Summary

Observations on hybrids from crossed cabbage varieties.

Author:  William Masters
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 May 1860
Classmark:  DAR 76 (ser. 2): 166–7
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2792

Matches: 7 hits

  • … From William Masters   8 May 1860
  • … DAR 76 (ser. 2): 166–7 William Masters Canterbury 8 May 1860 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … See the letter To M. T. Masters, 25 April [1860] and n. 8. CD had directed queries about …
  • … his son Maxwell Tylden Masters . See letters to M.  T.  Masters, 7 April [1860] and …
  • … 13 April [1860] , and letter from William …
  • … Masters, [after 7 April 1860] . William Masters was a seedsman who lived in Canterbury, …
  • … Canterbury 8 May 1860 Dear Sir, In reply to your enquiry about Hollyhocks, the sorts were …

From J. D. Hooker   [20 April 1860]

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Summary

CD’s observations on curved styles read well. JDH seeks morphological rationale of curvature in the position of nectaries.

He has avoided lecturing to Royal Family’s children at Buckingham Palace.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [20 Apr 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 100: 139–40
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2764

Matches: 6 hits

  • … ink Top of first page : ‘Ch.  3’ brown crayon, underl brown crayon ; ‘April  20 1860’ ink …
  • … From J.  D.  Hooker   [20 April 1860] …
  • … DAR 100: 139–40 Joseph Dalton Hooker Kew [20 Apr 1860] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … DAR 157a). The diagram, dated 19 April 1860, was presumably drawn after Hooker received …
  • … S.  Henslow to J.  D.  Hooker, 5 May 1860 , Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Archive). Richard …
  • … history to the royal children in April 1860 (R.  S.  Owen ed.  1894, 2: 98–100). The …

From Andrew Murray   3 May 1860

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Summary

Responds to CD’s comments on his review of the Origin. Regrets lack of space often causes him to do injustice to CD and to himself. Agrees to alter some of his statements

and offers some evidence for his opinions on plant hybridising.

Sends references to papers mentioning cave insects. Paussi are not blind, as CD thinks, though some other insects that live in ants’ nests are. Each country over the world has its peculiar species of Paussi, though they all live in ants’ nests. "Physical condition I say – Natural Selection you say".

Author:  Andrew Dickson (Andrew) Murray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  3 May 1860
Classmark:  DAR 47: 153–153a
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2780

Matches: 10 hits

  • … From Andrew Murray   3 May 1860
  • … DAR 47: 153–153a Andrew Dickson (Andrew) Murray Edinburgh 3 May 1860 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … pencil Top of first page : ‘16’ End of letter : ‘May 5— 1860’ pencil ; ‘Ch 7’ brown crayon …
  • … See letters to Andrew Murray , 28 April [1860] and …
  • … 28 [April 1860] . Murray 1860a , p.  277. …
  • … to the letter to Andrew Murray, 28 April [1860] . Isaac Anderson -Henry was an Edinburgh …
  • … to the letter to Andrew Murray, 28 April [1860] and n.  14. Schiödte [1849] was referred …
  • … Eding.  1 Scotland S r . 3 May 1860. — My dear Sir I have been from home & only returned …
  • … 287. See the enclosure to the letter to Andrew Murray, 28 April [1860] and n.  17. John …
  • … See letter from Andrew Murray, 28 April [1860] . Murray refers to the report of a meeting …
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Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics

Summary

On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…

Matches: 29 hits

  • … On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s  Origin of …
  • … in railway stations ( letter to Charles Lyell, 14 January [1860] ). By May, with the work …
  • … be nice easy reading.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] ). Origin : reactions and …
  • … his main argument ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 January [1860] ). Darwin’s magnanimous …
  • … utterly  smashed’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). (A chronological list of all the …
  • … the only track that leads to physical truth’ (Sedgwick 1860) that most wounded Darwin. Having spent …
  • … investigation.—’ ( letter to J. S. Henslow, 8 May [1860] ). Above all else Darwin prided …
  • … ample lot of facts.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 18 February [1860] ). To those who objected that his …
  • … as real.’ ( letter to C. J. F. Bunbury, 9 February [1860] ). This helps to explain why Darwin was …
  • … progression ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860] ). To this and Lyell’s many other …
  • … than a success ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 February [1860] ). I think geologists …
  • … to reasoning.’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 18 May 1860 ). Darwin began to tabulate (and …
  • … and five botanists ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 March [1860] ). Others, like François Jules …
  • … at it, makes me sick!’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 3 April [1860] ). By the end of 1860, Darwin …
  • … those of embryology ( letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] ). Only his theory, he believed, …
  • … of species ( see letter from T. H. Huxley, 6 August 1860 ). But Baer in fact eventually opposed …
  • … other animals’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] )— he and others were well aware that …
  • … after 4 hours battle’ (letter from J. D. Hooker, 2 July 1860). Other correspondents informed Darwin …
  • … thing for subject.—’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). Further details of the meeting, …
  • … theological reform tract  Essays and reviews  in January 1860 as to that of  Origin  itself. …
  • … ( letter from J. S. Henslow to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1860 ). What worried Darwin most about such …
  • … support altogether (letters to Charles Lyell, 1 June [1860] and 11 August [1860] ). As …
  • … view the subject’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 15 February [1860] ); later he became ‘fairly sick’ …
  • … of his geological argument, he wrote to Lyell on 6 June [1860] : 'I am beginning to despair …
  • … Darwin was not, however, entirely preoccupied in 1860 with his critics and the reception of  Origin …
  • … two days after the second edition was issued, on 9 January 1860, he turned to preparing the first …
  • … compressed arguments of  Origin . Many of the letters of 1860 pertain to his collection of further …
  • … in the fertilisation of plants. In the spring and summer of 1860, he began to investigate the …
  • … changed structure.’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 27 April [1860] ). Tracing the complicated …

British Association meeting 1860

Summary

Several letters refer to events at the British Association for the Advancement of Science held in Oxford, 26 June – 3 July 1860. Darwin had planned to attend the meeting but in the end was unable to. The most famous incident of the meeting was the verbal…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … the Advancement of Science meeting in Oxford, June–July 1860 Several letters in the year 1860
  • … Advancement of Science held in Oxford, 26 June – 3 July 1860. Darwin had planned to attend the …
  • … broken down” (letter to Charles Lyell, 25 [June 1860] ). Undoubtedly the most famous …
  • … are less well known. The following account of the 1860 meeting of the British Association in …
  • … by their precise attribution. Athenæum , 7 July 1860, p. 19: Introduction to the reports …
  • … lively during the week. Athenæum , 7 July 1860, pp. 25–6: Thursday session of Section D. …
  • … monkey was the gift of speech. Athenæum , 14 July 1860, pp. 64–5: Saturday session, …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 4 hits

  • … should not be in conflict. A TREMENDOUS FURORE: 1859-1860 In which Darwin distributes …
  • … in the long run prevail. CERTAIN BENEFICIAL LINES: 1860 Asa Gray presents his argument …
  • … 1859 70  A GRAY TO JD HOOKER, 5 JANUARY 1860 71L AGASSIZ, JULY 1860
  • … 100 A GRAY, ATLANTIC MONTHLY FOR JULY, AUGUST AND OCTOBER, 1860 101 GRAY’S ARTICLE IN THE …

New material added to the American edition of Origin

Summary

A ‘revised and augmented’ American edition of Origin came on the market in July 1860, and was the only authorised edition available in the US until 1873. It incorporated many of the changes Darwin made to the second English edition, but still contained…

Matches: 11 hits

  • … response to Darwin (see letters from Asa Gray, [10 January 1860], [17 January 1860], and 23 January …
  • … of stereotyping (see letter from Asa Gray, 23 January [1860] and n. 2). The firm agreed, however, to …
  • … of species (two letters to Baden Powell, 18 January 1860), Darwin subsequently changed his mind. On …
  • … this off to Gray enclosed in his letter of [8 or 9 February 1860]. He had earlier sent Gray some …
  • … given by Hewett Cottrell Watson in his letter of [3? January 1860]) that Darwin wanted inserted at …
  • … American edition in the letter to Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860]. Darwin suggested to Gray that …
  • … additional corrections” (letter to Asa Gray, 1 February [1860]). By 1 May 1860, D. Appleton …
  • … printings of Origin (see letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] and enclosure) and were preparing to …
  • … American edition of Origin was available in July 1860 (see [Gray] 1860b, p. 116). It is …
  • …   Charles Darwin Down, Bromley, Kent, Feb. 1860   [Darwin’s …
  • … 363–6). See also letter from John Lubbock, [after 28 April 1860?]. 4 Origin , p. 188. …

Natural Selection: the trouble with terminology Part I

Summary

Darwin encountered problems with the term ‘natural selection’ even before Origin appeared.  Everyone from the Harvard botanist Asa Gray to his own publisher came up with objections. Broadly these divided into concerns either that its meaning simply wasn’t…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … ( Charles Darwin to Charles Lyell   6 June [1860 ]) Darwin encountered problems with the …
  • … ( Charles Darwin to Charles Lyell, 6 June [1860]) To Lyell, Darwin wrote: ‘ I doubt …

Review: The Origin of Species

Summary

- by Asa Gray THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION (American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1860) This book is already exciting much attention. Two American editions are announced, through which it will become familiar to many…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … (American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1860) This book is already exciting much …

Essay: Design versus necessity

Summary

—by Asa Gray DESIGN VERSUS NECESSITY.—DISCUSSION BETWEEN TWO READERS OF DARWIN’S TREATISE ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, UPON ITS NATURAL THEOLOGY. (American Journal of Science and Arts, September, 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic or pantheistic…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … (American Journal of Science and Arts, September , 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic …

Essay: Natural selection & natural theology

Summary

—by Asa Gray NATURAL SELECTION NOT INCONSISTENT WITH NATURAL THEOLOGY. Atlantic Monthly for July, August, and October, 1860, reprinted in 1861. I Novelties are enticing to most people; to us they are simply annoying. We cling to a long-accepted…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Monthly for  July ,  August , and  October , 1860, reprinted in 1861. I …

Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … plant sensitivity: To Charles Lyell,  24 November [1860] : describing experiments on …
  • … On co-adaptation: To J. D. Hooker,  12 July [1860] : on adaptation in Orchis pyramidalis …

Rewriting Origin - the later editions

Summary

For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions.  Many of his changes were made in…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … the last proof sheets on 26 December 1859 ; published 1860 1 st US ‘revised and augmented’ …
  • … 2 nd to 3 rd editions; US edition By June 1860 Darwin was at least open to the …
  • … be needed ‘ soon, ever, or never ’.  By November 1860 he had heard that it was , and it was …
  • … additions now sent.— In the meantime, in July 1860, a ‘revised and augmented’ American …
  • … he had yet to start it on 28 January, but on 2 February 1860 he told Herbert Spencer that it was …
  • … (see letter from Jeffries Wyman, [ c . 15] September 1860 ). Among pigs in a particular …
  • … who only began corresponding with Darwin in November 1860, too late for the third edition.   …

The whale-bear

Summary

Darwin came to regard ‘bear’ as a ‘word of ill-omen’.  In the first edition of Origin he told the story of a black bear seen swimming for hours with its mouth wide open scooping insects from the water ‘like a whale’. He went on to imagine that natural…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ( William Henry Harvey to Charles Darwin, 24 August 1860 ) Darwin came to regard ‘bear’ as …

From morphology to movement: observation and experiment

Summary

Darwin was a thoughtful observer of the natural world from an early age. Whether on a grand scale, as exemplified by his observations on geology, or a microscopic one, as shown by his early work on the eggs and larvae of tiny bryozoans, Darwin was…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … In a letter to  Gardeners’ Chronicle  in June 1860 , he asked readers living in other parts of …
  • … plant  Drosera rotundifolia  (common sundew) in 1860, around the same time he began work on orchid …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … them to spread. It takes up the story of Darwin’s life in 1860, in the immediate aftermath of the …
  • … out to me. No doubt many will be. Darwin to Huxley, 1860. I cannot tell …

Syms Covington

Summary

When Charles Darwin embarked on the Beagle voyage in 1831, Syms Covington was ‘fiddler & boy to Poop-cabin’. Covington kept an illustrated journal of his observations and experiences on the voyage, noting wildlife, landscapes, buildings and people and,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … a new ear-trumpet  for him from London, and again  in 1860 .  Covington still assisted …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … implements of early humans (C. Lyell 1859). In September 1860 he visited sites in both France and …
  • … ( Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 4 May [1860] and n. 3; Hutchinson 1914, 1: 51). …
  • … book, Prehistoric times (Lubbock 1865).  By 1860, Lyell had begun work on a sixth edition …
  • … completed and set in type for Elements of geology in 1860 and then re-set in 1861 for …
  • … well as the Swiss lake-dwellings, was originally written in 1860 for the sixth edition of the ‘ …
  • … discoveries and conclusions which had been made before 1860; but I gladly took advantage of the …
  • … to them, or to any authors of later date than the summer of 1860, I must have expanded the plan of …
  • … expenditures, and condition of the institution for the year 1860  15 (1861): 284–343. Translated by …

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

Matches: 4 hits

  • …  vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). In the same letter he reminded Lyell of …
  • … who was already ill-disposed towards Owen following his 1860 review of  Origin , wrote to Falconer …
  • … exercise Darwin was Huxley’s assertion, first made in his 1860 review of  Origin , that in order …
  • …  and  Viola species, had interested Darwin since 1860; it continued to capture his attention ( …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … any of his children were ill, Darwin was unable to work. In 1860 his seventeen-year-old daughter …
  • … on account of Etty.’ (Darwin to W. D. Fox,  18 October [1860] ) Seven of the Darwin children lived …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 2814 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 22 May [1860] Darwin writes to Gray about the …
  • … Letter 2855 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 3 July [1860] Darwin writes to Gray and tells him …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … to the copy he had sent five years previously in his 1860 letter to Hooker , Darwin exclaimed …
  • … matter, and he was far more satisfied with the results. In 1860-61 and again in 1864 Charles Darwin …
  • … most transformative photographs of Darwin.The years between 1860 and 1864 took a physical and …
  • … his ‘venerable beard’! Images: Charles Darwin, 1860-61, William Darwin, Courtesy of Harvard …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Bridges, Thomas (b) [Oct 1860 or after] [Keppel …
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