To Asa Gray 1 January [1857]
Summary
Thanks AG for 2d part of "Statistics [of the flora of the northern U. S.", Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 22 (1856): 204–32; 2d ser. 23 (1857): 62–84, 369–403].
Is glad AG concludes species of large genera are wide-ranging, but is "riled" that he thinks the line of connection of alpine plants is through Greenland. Mentions comparisons of ranges worth investigating.
Believes trees show a tendency toward separation of the sexes and wonders if U. S. species bear this out. Asks which genera are protean in U. S.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 1 Jan [1857] |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (7) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2034 |
Matches: 8 hits
- … 24 November [1856] , and letter from Asa Gray, 4 November 1856 . …
- … 10 December [1856] , and letter from J. D. Hooker, 7 December 1856 . …
- … See also letters to Asa Gray , 24 August [1856] and …
- … In his letter to Asa Gray, 2 May [1856] , CD had asked Gray to examine the ranges of …
- … about this topic after having first mentioned it in his letter to Asa Gray, 2 May [1856] . …
- … by the relationship to the letter from Asa Gray, 16 February 1857 . A. Gray 1856–7 . …
- … letter from Asa Gray, 1 June 1857 . See letters to J. D. Hooker, 1 December [1856] and …
- … letter from Asa Gray, 16 February 1857 . CD refers to the section entitled ‘Comparison of the flora of the northern United States with that of Europe in respect to the similar or related species’ ( A. Gray 1856– …
To J. D. Hooker 10 December [1856]
Summary
CD is convinced of relation between separation of sexes and tree-habit.
Recent hard blows against crossing theory.
CD long tormented by land molluscs on oceanic islands; found transport possible experimentally.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 10 Dec [1856] |
Classmark: | DAR 114: 186 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2018 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … pp. 61–2. See letter to George Bentham, 26 November [1856] , letter from H. C. …
- … Watson, 26 November 1856 , and letter to George Bentham, 30 November [1856] . The …
- … Hooker, 7 December 1856 . See letter to P. H. …
- … 91). It was completed on 16 December 1856 (‘Journal’; Appendix II). See letter from J. D. …
- … Gosse, 28 September 1856 , n. 4, and the letter from T. V. Wollaston, [11 …
- … the relationship to the letter from J. D. Hooker, 7 December 1856 . Persoon 1805–7 . CD …
- … 1856, is recorded in his Experimental book, p. 17 (DAR 157a). CD’s experiment was entered in his Experimental book, pp. 16–17 (DAR 157a). CD mentioned Francis Darwin’s suggestion in Origin , p. 361, where he proposed the floating carcases of birds as one of a number of ‘occasional’ means of dispersal. William Henry Harvey was an expert on Algae. CD had sent him Algae specimens from the Beagle voyage ( Correspondence vol. 4, letter …
To Asa Gray 24 November [1856]
Summary
Variability of naturalised plants.
Distribution of Arctic/alpine plant species.
Limits to the northern range of plants.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 24 Nov [1856] |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (5) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1999 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … Gray, 12 October [1856] . See letter from Asa Gray, 23 September 1856 . …
- … Dated by the reference to the letter from Asa Gray, 4 November 1856 . Letter from Asa …
- … Gray, 4 November 1856 . See letter to Asa …
- … the Darwin Library–CUL. CD refers to the first part of A. Gray 1856–7 . See letter to Asa …
- … Gray, 12 October [1856] and n. 5. See letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 November [1856] . A. …
To George Bentham 3 December [1856]
Summary
Thanks GB for information on apetalous flowers. "The whole order [Leguminosae] will remain my detestable enemies."
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George Bentham |
Date: | 3 Dec [1856] |
Classmark: | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Bentham Correspondence, Vol. 3, Daintree–Dyer, 1830–1884, GEB/1/3: f. 687) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2010 |
To J. D. Hooker 5 July [1856]
Summary
Troubled by JDH’s connection between Antarctic island flora and Fuegia, which CD sees as part of a general relation to southern circumpolar flora. Encloses list [not found] of plants from Tristan d’Acunha.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 5 July [1856] |
Classmark: | DAR 114: 167 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1919 |
Matches: 11 hits
- … to Charles Lyell (see letter to Charles Lyell, 5 July [1856] ). The original order of the …
- … Candolle 1855 . Letter to Charles Lyell, 25 June [1856] . Letter from Charles …
- … to Hooker, enclosed with his letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 July [1856] . Letter from J. D. …
- … Lyell, [1 July 1856] . See letter to Charles …
- … Hooker, [26 June or 3 July 1856] . See letter to J. D. …
- … Hooker, [26 June or 3 July 1856] . See letter from J. D. Hooker, [26 June or 3 July …
- … J. D. Hooker on 5 July 1856. CD states that his first letter was written in the morning …
- … Lyell, 5 July [1856] . CD reiterated this intention in his letter to J. D. …
- … Hooker, 13 July [1856] . It seems that Lyell did not forward the letter to Hooker, for CD …
- … Hooker, 22 June [1856] , n. 2. See letter from J. D. …
- … Hooker 1844–7 , 2: 210–11). See the first letter to J. D. Hooker, 5 [July 1856] . A. de …
To John Davy 3 January [1856]
Summary
Delighted to hear that JD’s research is continuing. CD has heard that JD’s paper will at last be published. He is flattered by the form [as a letter addressed to CD] of communication. [See 1651a and 1819a, published in Phil. Trans. R. S. 146 (1856): 21–9 and Proc. R. S. London 8 (1856–7): 27–33.]
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Davy |
Date: | 3 Jan [1856] |
Classmark: | David Schulson (dealer) (Catalogue 61, 1991) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1816A |
Matches: 9 hits
- … but strong evidence supports dating the letter 1856 and interpreting the misaddress as a …
- … 1855 ). On 10 January 1856, Davy sent CD a letter detailing the results; this was later …
- … Correspondence vol. 6, letter from John Davy, 10 January 1856 . CD refers to J. Davy …
- … see also Correspondence vol. 6, letter from John Davy, 10 January 1856 ). Both J. …
- … Davy 1855 and J. Davy 1856 were written in the form of letters to CD, and forwarded by …
- … J. Davy 1855 ( J. Davy 1856 ; Correspondence vol. 5, letter from John Davy, 30 January …
- … John. 1856. On the vitality of the ova of the Salmonidæ of different ages; in a letter …
- … lapse. The letter from Davy has not been found. From November 1855 to January 1856 Davy …
- … letter addressed to CD] of communication. [See 1651a and 1819a , published in Phil. Trans. R. S. 146 (1856): …
To J. D. Hooker 11 May [1856]
Summary
CD is unsure about JDH’s recommendation that he publish a separate "Preliminary Essay". It is unphilosophical to publish without full details.
CD will work for Huxley’s admission to Athenaeum.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 11 May [1856] |
Classmark: | DAR 114: 162 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1874 |
Matches: 8 hits
- … the relationship to the letter from J. D. Hooker, 7 May 1856 , and the letter to J. D. …
- … Coral reefs in 1842. See letter from Charles Lyell, 1–2 May 1856 . On 14 May, CD followed …
- … Hooker, 9 May [1856] . Letter from J. D. …
- … Hooker, 9 May [1856] . See letter from J. D. Hooker, 7 May 1856 . Burlington House, …
- … was granted by the Treasury in a letter, dated 22 May 1856, addressed to the president of …
- … Society council minutes). E. Forbes 1856 . See letters to J. D. Hooker, 7 May 1856 , …
- … Hooker, 7 May 1856 . The other one, now missing, was a response to the letter to J. D. …
- … a visit to Tenby (see letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 11 May [1856] ). CD had presented this …
To Asa Gray 14 July [1856]
Summary
Asks whether Allegheny Mountains are sufficiently continuous so that plants could travel from north to south along them.
Hopes AG’s work on geographical distribution is progressing, as he has questions on plants common to Europe which do not range up to Arctic.
Are intermediate varieties less numerous in individuals than the varieties they connect?
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 14 July [1856] |
Classmark: | Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1926 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … Hooker, 5 July [1856] . Letter to Asa Gray, 2 May [1856] . …
- … letter to Asa Gray, 2 May [1856] , and the letters exchanged between Gray and CD in 1855 ( …
- … Dated by the relationship to the letter to Asa Gray, 2 May [1856] . See …
- … This point is made in Wollaston 1856 , pp. 105–6. See CD’s comments in letter to J. D. …
- … letter to Sir W. J. Hooker. London Journal of Botany 1 (1842): 1–14, 217–37; 2 (1843): 113-25; 3 (1844): 230–42. Gray, Asa. 1856– …
To J. D. Hooker 24 December [1856]
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 24 Dec [1856] |
Classmark: | DAR 114: 187 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2022 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … in Leguminosae, which extended through the autumn and winter of 1856 (see letter to George …
- … to George Bentham, 26 November [1856] , and letter to George …
- … identified some of the seeds for him (see letter from J. D. Hooker, 22 November 1856 ). …
- … 1856] ). CD had tried to ascertain the probability of cross-fertilisation in the Leguminosae (see letter …
- … 1856] ). No reference is made to Hooker in the discussion of Leguminosae in Natural selection , pp. 68–71. Christian Konrad Sprengel maintained that fertilisation of Campanulaceae takes place after the flower is opened ( Sprengel 1793 , p. 117). An annotated copy of Sprengel 1793 is in the Darwin Library–CUL. Joseph Ellison Portlock was inspector of studies at Woolwich. It is not known to what letter …
From Charles Wade Crump to Edward Blyth [before 8 January 1856]
Summary
Reports upon a breed of wild cattle found in southern India. The herd is reputedly descended from a wild, red bull that mated with tame cows.
[This memorandum was forwarded to CD enclosed with 1817.]
Author: | Charles Crump |
Addressee: | Edward Blyth |
Date: | [before 8 Jan 1856] |
Classmark: | DAR 98: A114–A116 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1819 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … letter to CD with his own letter of 8 January 1856 (see letter from Edward …
- … the relationship to the letter from Edward Blyth, 8 January [1856] . Blyth forwarded this …
- … Sporting Review (see letter from Edward Blyth, 8 January 1856 ). Blyth added ‘Madras’ …
- … 1856] ). Blyth here added: ‘These I have retained, EB. ’ before he sent Crump’s letter on …
From J. D. Hooker 10 July 1856
Summary
[T. Bell Salter’s?] "hybrid" Epilobium a false claim.
Admires Huxley’s response to Falconer [see 1904].
Tristan da Cunha plant list, requested by CD, supports JDH’s position [on continental extension?].
Chilean plants not exceptional.
JDH considers parallels between Australian Alps and European plants strong evidence for multiple creations.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 10 July 1856 |
Classmark: | DAR 100: 96–9 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1923 |
Matches: 8 hits
- … Hooker, [26 June or 3 July 1856] , and letter to J. D. Hooker, 5 July [1856] . …
- … provinces. T. H. Huxley 1856b , a response to Falconer 1856 . See letters to J. D. …
- … Hooker, 5 [July 1856] . See letter to J. D. …
- … to J. D. Hooker, 5 July [1856] . See letter from J. D. …
- … of the same point in the insect kingdom (see letter to J. D. Hooker, 5 July [1856] ). …
- … Hooker, 21 [May 1856] and 17–18 [June 1856]. T. H. Huxley 1855 . See letter to J. D. …
- … and Arnott 1855. See letter from J. D. Hooker, [26 June or 3 July 1856] . John Stevens …
- … 1856] , n. 3. The list was annotated by Hooker, giving brief descriptions of the localities inhabited by the twelve species. At the bottom, CD wrote: ‘These genera, Hooker says are not particularly wide rangers; but species with restricted ranges. — Nothing particular in short. —’ CD used Hooker’s information in Natural selection , pp. 553–4. Ferdinand Jakob Heinrich von Mueller was the government botanist in Melbourne, Australia. From 1853, he issued annual reports on the vegetation of the colony. See letter …
To J. D. Hooker 18 November [1856]
Summary
CD encloses letter from Asa Gray, although it is critical of JDH.
Role of struggle in forming species in retreat from advancing glaciers.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 18 Nov [1856] |
Classmark: | DAR 114: 183 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1991 |
To James Dwight Dana 14 July [1856]
Summary
Asks whether the blind cave animals described by B. Silliman Jr [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 11 (1851): 332–9] belong to genera found only on the American continent.
On geographical distribution of Crustacea, CD asks whether northern genera sent species to the Southern Hemisphere or did southern genera send species north?
Does he know of any author who has described fossil trees in South Shetland Islands?
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | James Dwight Dana |
Date: | 14 July [1856] |
Classmark: | Yale University Library: Manuscripts and Archives (Dana Family Papers (MS 164) Series 1, Box 2, folder 44) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1925 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … Lubbock had married on 10 April 1856 (see letter to John Lubbock, 24 April [1856] ). Dana …
- … s opinion, see letter from J. D. Dana, 8 September 1856 . See also letter from J. O. …
- … Dana, 29 September [1856] . See the letter from J. D. Dana, 8 September 1856 . James …
- … from J. D. Dana, 8 September 1856 and n. 10, and letter to J. D. …
- … Dated from Dana’s reply (see letter from J. D. Dana, 8 September 1856 ). CD and Dana had …
- … 1856 , in the manuscript of his species book (see Natural selection , p. 579 n. 3) reminding him to look at ‘Dana’s letter …
- … 1856 , in which John Obadiah Westwood discussed the insect genera found in the cave. Agassiz 1851 . Louis Agassiz had written to Benjamin Silliman that he considered the fish ‘an aberrant type of my family of Cyprinodonts’ ( Agassiz 1851 , p. 127). Dana 1853 . CD’s copy is in the Darwin Library–CUL. See the letter …
To T. H. Huxley 9 April [1856]
Summary
Arrangements for visit of Huxleys to Down on 26 Apr.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Thomas Henry Huxley |
Date: | 9 Apr [1856] |
Classmark: | Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 33) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1852 |
To W. D. Fox 8 [June 1856]
Summary
The responses to his queries on domestic variations are coming in from all over; believes he will make an interesting collection. At present concerned with rabbits and ducks.
Has told Lyell of his views on species and CL urges CD to publish a preliminary essay. Has begun to work on it, with fear and trembling at its inadequacies.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Darwin Fox |
Date: | 8 [June 1856] |
Classmark: | University of British Columbia Library, Rare Books and Special Collections (Pearce/Darwin Fox collection RBSC-ARC-1721-1-10) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1895 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … 1–2 May 1856 , and letter to Charles Lyell, 3 May [1856] . The manuscript of the first two …
- … written on the back of CD’s letter of 4 June [1856] (see n. 1, above), Ellen Sophia Fox …
- … to Brooke has not been found, but see the letter to Edgar Leopold Layard, 8 June [1856] . …
- … and his wife had visited Down from 13 to 16 April 1856. See letter from Charles Lyell, …
- … CD’s letter to W. D. Fox, 4 June [1856] , was forwarded to Fox at Harrogate, where he had …
- … court of Persia. See letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 29 November [1856] . Perhaps from S. …
- … 1856. CD and Emma did not go to Tenby in July as planned, judging from an entry of 29 July in Emma’s diary: ‘Willy came home from Tenby’. CD had sent out a letter …
To Charles Lyell 13 April [1857]
Summary
CD returns a letter from Wollaston.
Although opposed to the Forbesian doctrine [of continental extension] as a general rule, CD would have no objection to its being proved in some cases. Does not think Wollaston has proved it; nor can anyone until more is known about the means of distribution of insects – but the identity of the two faunas is certainly interesting.
His health is very poor and his "everlasting species-Book" quite overwhelms him with work. It is beyond his powers, but he hopes to live to finish it.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 13 Apr [1857] |
Classmark: | The University of Edinburgh Centre for Research Collections (Gen.109/702) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2077 |
To C. J. F. Bunbury 9 May [1856]
Summary
On geographical dispersal of plants. Would be interested in CJFB’s views on representative species and on his hypothesis of a mundane cold period, which CD cannot prove geologically, but thinks, if it explains many facts of geographical distribution, may be admitted as probable. Hooker and Alphonse de Candolle do not agree with him.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles James Fox Bunbury, 8th baronet |
Date: | 9 May [1856] |
Classmark: | Suffolk Record Office, Bury St Edmunds (Bunbury Family Papers E18/700/1/9/6) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1871 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … Lyell, 1–2 May 1856 . See letter to C. J. …
- … F. Bunbury, [before 9 May 1856] . See letter to C. J. F. …
- … version ( Collected papers 1: 264–73). See also letter to Charles Lyell, 3 May [1856] . …
- … refers to Heer 1855 (see letter from Charles Lyell, 1–2 May 1856 ). CD’s remarks must have …
- … August 1856 ( Correspondence vol. 4, Appendix IV, 128: 20). See also letter from Charles …
To W. B. Tegetmeier 30 August [1856]
Summary
Will forward the Scandaroons.
Is crossing all his pigeons to see which are fertile.
Hopes WBT’s work on fowls’ skulls is not forestalled by T. C. Eyton who also has a grand collection of skeletons.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Bernhard Tegetmeier |
Date: | 30 Aug [1856] |
Classmark: | Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1947 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … to W. B. Tegetmeier, 14 August [1856] . See letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 24 June [1856] . …
- … one as referred to in the letter to Eyton, 31 August [1856] , and by the relationship to …
- … to W. B. Tegetmeier, 23 August [1856] . See letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 23 August [ …
- … 1856 . Possibly the breeder who had exhibited blue pigeons with bars on their wings, about whom CD had inquired in his letter …
From J. S. Henslow 2 August 1856
Summary
One plant in self-sown patch of Aegilops has assumed a triticoidal character; JSH feels it may be an example of Aegilops passing to wheat.
Author: | John Stevens Henslow |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 2 Aug 1856 |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 178 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1936 |
To Asa Gray 12 October [1856]
Summary
Thanks AG for the first part of his "Statistics [of the flora of the northern U. S.", Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 22 (1856): 204–32; 2d ser. 23 (1857): 62–84, 369–403]
and for information on social and varying plants.
Would like to know number of genera of introduced plants in U. S.
Is surprised at some affinities of northern U. S. flora and asks for any climatic explanations.
Asks what proportion of genera common to U. S. and Europe are mundane.
Is glad AG will work out the northern ranges of the European species and the ranges of species with regard to size of genera.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 12 Oct [1856] |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (6) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1973 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … Dated by the reference to A. Gray 1856–7 and to the letter from Asa …
- … Gray, 23 September 1856 . Letter from Asa Gray, 23 September 1856 . A. Gray 1856–7 . CD’s …
- … selection , p. 232. See letter from Asa Gray, 4 November 1856 . See Correspondence …
- … Certainly J.D.H. ’. See also letter from Asa Gray, 4 November 1856 . Gray did not give the …
- … of his independently paginated reprint. See letter to J. D. Hooker, 9 October [1856] . …
- … letter), but these had only been allocated to their taxonomic orders, not genera. The same list was repeated, with additional information but still excluding the number of genera, in A. Gray 1856– …
- … letter to J. D. Hooker, 8 [November 1855] , n. 3. CD thought the statistical relationships Candolle had discerned were probably due only to ‘parentage’ and common descent when applied to large groups like families and orders. In CD’s copy of A. Gray 1856– …
letter | (684) |
people | (4) |
bibliography | (2) |
Darwin, C. R. | (455) |
Hooker, J. D. | (40) |
Gray, Asa | (12) |
Blyth, Edward | (10) |
Lyell, Charles | (9) |
Darwin, C. R. | (215) |
Hooker, J. D. | (97) |
Tegetmeier, W. B. | (49) |
Lyell, Charles | (31) |
Gray, Asa | (25) |
Darwin, C. R. | (670) |
Hooker, J. D. | (137) |
Tegetmeier, W. B. | (53) |
Lyell, Charles | (40) |
Gray, Asa | (37) |
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1836 | (1) |
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1856 | (227) |
1857 | (65) |
1858 | (56) |
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1860 | (46) |
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1863 | (16) |
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1881 | (5) |
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Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of The variation of animals and …