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Darwin Correspondence Project
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To J. V. Carus   16 September [1877]

Summary

Thanks JVC for correcting a bad blunder in Forms of flowers.

His health fairly good; has been able to work "pretty hard".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Julius Victor Carus
Date:  16 Sept [1877]
Classmark:  Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Slg. Darmstaedter Lc 1859: Darwin, Charles, Bl. 168–169)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11143

To L. A. Errera   18 September 1877

Summary

Agrees to look over MS.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Léo Abram Errera
Date:  18 Sept 1877
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.521)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11144

From Wilhelm Breitenbach   19 September 1877

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Summary

Describes data relating to variability of Primula elatior.

Author:  Wilhelm Breitenbach
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  19 Sept 1877
Classmark:  DAR 160: 291
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11145

From M. C. Stanley   19 September 1877

Summary

Count Schouvaloff asserts that CD’s works are prohibited in Russia. Is he not mistaken?

Author:  Mary Catherine Sackville-West, countess of Derby; Mary Catherine Gascoyne-Cecil, countess of Derby; Mary Catherine Stanley, countess of Derby
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  19 Sept 1877
Classmark:  DAR 162: 169
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11146

From W. E. Darwin to Emma and/or Charles Darwin   c. 20–5 September 1877

Summary

Description of their English dinner companions at a foreign hotel.

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin; Emma Wedgwood; Emma Darwin
Date:  c. 20-25 Sept 1877
Classmark:  DAR 210.5: 18
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11146F

From Raphael Meldola   21 September 1877

Summary

Encloses Fritz Müller’s letter.

Is exhibiting butterflies in which variations in the female show a finely graded series. Believes dimorphism can be explained by the selection of the extremes of such a series and the consequent extinction of the intermediates.

Author:  Raphael Meldola
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 Sept 1877
Classmark:  DAR 171: 123
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11147

To Raphael Meldola   22 September [1877]

Summary

Thinks the facts in Fritz Müller’s letter could be published.

Recommends August Weismann’s essay on dimorphism ["Über den Saison-Dimorphismus der Schmetterlinge", Studien zur Descendenz-Theorie 1 (1875)]

and has no doubt that intermediate forms could be eliminated as RM suggests.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Raphael Meldola
Date:  22 Sept [1877]
Classmark:  Oxford University Museum of Natural History (Hope Entomological Collections 1350: Hope/Westwood Archive, Darwin folder)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11148

To W. T. Thiselton-Dyer   22 September 1877

Summary

Thanks for Euphorbia.

Asks for plants for "bloom" experiments.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
Date:  22 Sept 1877
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Darwin: Letters to Thiselton-Dyer, 1873–81: ff. 97–8)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11149

From T. H. Farrer   23 September 1877

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Summary

Sends "worm journal" – observations of earthworm activity at Abinger.

Author:  Thomas Henry Farrer, 1st baronet and 1st Baron Farrer
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  23 Sept 1877
Classmark:  DAR 64.2: 50–1, DAR 164: 84
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11150

To T. H. Farrer   24 September [1877]

Summary

Thanks THF for the diary of worm activity at Abinger site.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Farrer, 1st baronet and 1st Baron Farrer
Date:  24 Sept [1877]
Classmark:  Linnean Society of London (LS Ms 299/27)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11151

From Samuel Butler to Francis Darwin   24 September 1877

Summary

Offers to send MS of part of his new book [Life and habit] which gently pokes fun at CD. His book will offer an alternative to Pangenesis.

Author:  Samuel Butler
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  24 Sept 1877
Classmark:  DAR 199.5: 100
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11152

To Raphael Meldola   27 September [1877]

Summary

Does not think Fritz Müller can object to anything RM has said in his essay.

Has alluded to colour preference among butterflies in Descent [1: 400–1].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Raphael Meldola
Date:  27 Sept [1877]
Classmark:  Oxford University Museum of Natural History (Hope Entomological Collections 1350: Hope/Westwood Archive, Darwin folder)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11154

From Asa Gray   27 September 1877

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Summary

Has received CD’s book [Forms of flowers]; thanks him for the compliment of the dedication.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  27 Sept 1877
Classmark:  DAR 165: 198
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11155

To W. T. Thiselton-Dyer   27 September [1877]

Summary

Thanks for Australian leaves for "bloom" experiments.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
Date:  27 Sept [1877]
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Darwin: Letters to Thiselton-Dyer, 1873–81: f. 99)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11156

To C. W. von Nägeli   27 September 1877

Summary

Thanks for Die niederen Pilze (Nägeli 1877).

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli
Date:  27 Sept 1877
Classmark:  On permanent loan to KULTURAMA Zurich (Inv. 5109_L)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11156F

From W. W. Bailey   28 September 1877

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Summary

Has noticed citation of his observations in CD’s latest books; writes to add some notes on fertilisation and forms of flowers.

Author:  William Whitman Bailey
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  28 Sept 1877
Classmark:  DAR 160: 16
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11157

To Sara Sedgwick   29 September [1877]

Summary

Rejoices that SS has accepted his son [William]. Judging from his own experience "life would be a most dreary blank without a dear wife to love with all one’s soul".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Sara Sedgwick; Sara Darwin
Date:  29 Sept [1877]
Classmark:  The British Library (Surrogate RP 9524)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11158

From Sara Sedgwick   [30 September 1877]

Summary

Thanks CD for his kind letter on her engagement to his son William.

Author:  Sara Sedgwick; Sara Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [30 Sept 1877]
Classmark:  DAR 210.5: 20
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11159

From L. A. Errera   30 September 1877

Summary

Sending MS.

Used Anton Kerner’s nomenclature for designating crosses.

Thanks CD for Forms of flowers.

Author:  Léo Abram Errera
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  30 Sept 1877
Classmark:  DAR 163: 27
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11160

From Sociedade de Geographia de Lisboa   30 September 1877

Summary

CD named corresponding member of the Geographical Society of Lisbon.

Author:  Sociedade de geographia de Lisboa
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  30 Sept 1877
Classmark:  DAR 230: 55
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11160A
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Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Gray, Asa 9 May [1869] [Alexandria, Egypt] …
  • … Gray, Jane 9 May [1869] [Alexandria, Egypt] …
  • … Gray, Asa 8 & 9 May 1869 Florence, Italy (about …

Darwin in Conversation exhibition

Summary

Meet Charles Darwin as you have never met him before. Come to our exhibition at Cambridge University Library, running from 9 July to 3 December 2022, and discover a fascinating series of interwoven conversations with Darwin's many hundreds of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Exhibition Centre, Cambridge University Library 09.00-18.30 Monday-Friday 09

Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots

Summary

Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … that it was ‘dry as dust’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 9 September 1879 ). He was also unsatisfied …
  • … which is crowned with glory’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 9 February 1879 ). The botanist and …
  • … ). Darwin welcomed Krause’s suggestion, but warned him on 9 June not to ‘expend much powder & …
  • … (Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, [27 August 1879] (DAR 219.9: 201)). Celebrity and honours …

Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex

Summary

The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Darwin asked Murray to intervene, complaining on 9 January , ‘M r . Dallas’ delay … is …
  • … on the auditory organs of Orthoptera and Coleoptera on 9 September . Darwin annotated a letter …
  • … from the south of France to Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood on 9 Novembe r, describing sphinx moths that …
  • … direct result of natural selection ( Variation  2: 185–9). Wallace seized upon this point in a …
  • … Katherine ( letter from C. M. Hawkshaw to Emma Darwin, 9 February [1868] ). Darwin’s eldest son, …
  • … from Fritz Müller, 22 April 1868 , 17 June 1868 , 9 September 1868 , and 31 October 1868 …
  • … A different order of pride was expressed on 9 November by Ernst Haeckel on the birth of his son …

Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments

Summary

1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … excited Darwin, who exclaimed to Gray ( letter to Asa Gray, 9 August [1862] ), ‘I am almost stark …
  • … , whether the Book will sell’ ( letter to John Murray, 9 [February 1862] ). To his son, William, …
  • … better fun’ than species ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 9 February [1862] ), he responded to the …
  • … active young wolves’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 9 October 1862 ). Darwin had managed to …
  • … to read any paper or speak’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 9 [April 1862] ). A visit in October from …
  • … me go away for an hour after dinner & retire to my room at 9 o clock I do not think it would …
  • … as true as gospel, so it must be true’ ( to J. D. Hooker, 9 May [1862] ). the real …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Lyell telling him about the letter to the Athenæum . 9  In the same letter, Darwin …
  • … about C. Lyell 1863a are discussed in Bynum 1984, pp. 154–9. 7. See Correspondence …
  • … letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] and n. 7. 9. See Correspondence vol. 11, …
  • … 11, letter from J. D. Hooker, [24 March 1863] and n. 9. In his published review, Lubbock wrote …
  • … Emma Darwin to Henrietta Emma Darwin, [1 June 1865] (DAR 219.9: 28). 24. See the …
  • … 30. Letter from John Lubbock to T. H. Huxley, 9 June 1865 (Imperial College, Huxley papers 6: 110) …

Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers

Summary

In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … learn from experience, Darwin was wary, telling Romanes on 9 March , ‘I intend to have another …
  • … but I cannot endure to do this’, Darwin told Francis on 9 November ,  and writing to Fritz …
  • … ( Correspondence vol. 30, letter to C. A. Kennard, 9 January 1882 ). ‘I …
  • … who had received presentation copies. Galton wrote on 9 October , ‘I wish the worms were not such …
  • … of letters about worms’, he told Francis Darwin on 9 November , ‘but amidst much rubbish there …
  • … ( letter to Francis Darwin, 28 [October 1881] ). On 9 November, Darwin told Francis , ‘I have …

Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms

Summary

‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Ernst Krause, 7 June 1879 , and letter to Ernst Krause, 9 June [1879] ). The final text of the …
  • … inflated to an elephant’ ( letter from Ernst Krause, 9 December 1880 ). Again, Darwin felt …
  • … the success of our efforts’ ( letter to A. B. Buckley, 9 November 1880 ). He worked with Huxley on …
  • … about their party quarrels’ ( letter to James Torbitt, 9 May 1880 ). Politicians grew concerned …

Darwin & coral reefs

Summary

The central idea of Darwin's theory of coral reef formation, as it was later formulated, was that the islands were formed by the upward growth of coral as the Pacific Ocean floor gradually subsided. It overturned previous ideas and would in itself…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … he arrived at his coral reef theory. Autobiography , pp. 98-9 No statement of Darwin' …
  • … the channels and lagoons of the islands ( Narrative  2: 38-9), so it may be presumed that he was …
  • … wants to be sure they will visit the South Sea Islands:  [9 September 1831] . The first …

Books on the Beagle

Summary

The Beagle was a sort of floating library.  Find out what Darwin and his shipmates read here.

Matches: 2 hits

  • … the  Narrative  (2: 18). CD, in his letter to Henslow, 9 [September 1831] , discussing the …
  • … Desaulses de.  Voyage autour du monde . . . 1817–20.  9 vols., 4 vols. plates, Paris, 1824–44. …

Francis Galton

Summary

Galton was a naturalist, statistician, and evolutionary theorist. He was a second cousin of Darwin’s, having descended from his grandfather, Erasmus. Born in Birmingham in 1822, Galton studied medicine at King’s College, London, and also read mathematics…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … into an entirely new province of knowledge’ ( 9 December 1859 ). He soon became interested in …

Henrietta Darwin's diary

Summary

Darwin's daughter Henrietta kept a diary for a few momentous weeks in 1871. This was the year in which Descent of Man, the most controversial of her father's books after Origin itself, appeared, a book which she had helped him write. The small…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … if I be I— it seems so strange that my life & his 9 are trembling now in the balance & …
  • … I think I am a very happy woman. Sunday July 9 th . 1871 I want to think why I shd …
  • … identified. 8 Thomas Henry Huxley . 9 Richard Buckley Litchfield . …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Letter 6736 - Gray, A. & J. L to Darwin, [8 & 9 May 1869] Jane Loring Gray, …
  • … Letter 6453 - Langton, E. to Wedgwood, S. E., [9 November 1868] Darwin’s nephew, …
  • … 5756 - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 November 1868] Darwin’s …
  • … Letter 7433  - Wedgwood,  F. to Darwin, [9 January 1871] Darwin’s brother-in-law, …
  • … Letter 8153  - Darwin to  Darwin, W. E., [9 January 1872] Darwin thanks his son …

Volume 29 (1881) is published!

Summary

In October 1881, Darwin published his last book, The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with observations on their habits. A slim volume on a subject that many people could understand and on which they had their own opinions, it went…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … has been received.    Letter t o Francis Darwin, 9 November [1881] In October …

Darwin & Glen Roy

Summary

Although Darwin was best known for his geological work in South America and other remote Beagle destinations, he made one noteworthy attempt to explain a puzzling feature of British geology.  In 1838, two years after returning from the voyage, he travelled…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … field guide to Glen Roy: To Charles Lyell, 9 August [1838] To Charles Lyell, …

Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts

Summary

At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of  Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … by his perfectibility principle (Nägeli 1865, pp. 28–9). In further letters, Hooker tried to provide …
  • … hatred—’ ( from Asa Gray and J. L. Gray, 8 and 9 May [1869] ). James Crichton-Browne and …
  • … of the soil ( letter to  Gardeners’ Chronicle , 9 May [1869] ). In March, Darwin received …
  • … I do not care to follow him’ ( letter from T. H. Farrer, 9 October 1869 ). Farrer ventured to …
  • … on summit of a mountain.—’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 9 July [1869] ).  Earlier in the year, …

Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters

Summary

On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Beagle voyage, to a letter to C. A. Kennard written on 9 January 1882 , only shortly before …

Jane Gray

Summary

Jane Loring Gray, the daughter of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and evidence suggests that she took an active interest in the scientific pursuits of her husband and his friends. Although she is only known to have…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … (letter from Asa Gray and J. L. Gray, 8 and 9 May 1869 ) Darwin cited Gray’s …
  • … book shows that they spent 14s on a backgammon board on 9 November 1868, a few days after leaving …

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … my teeth at my own folly’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [9 May 1863] ). After his venture into the …
  • … … who dare speak out’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [9 May 1863] ). The others listed were himself, …
  • … to Asa Gray, 20 April [1863] , letter to J. D. Hooker, [9 May 1863] , and memorandum from G. H …

Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution

Summary

The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’.  Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … ‘is the bane of existence!’ ( letter to William Ogle, 9 November 1870 ). Researching …
  • … demons and spirits were white ( letter from W. W. Reade, 9 November 1870 ). Keen for more …
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