From C. J. F. Bunbury to Charles Lyell 20 February 1866
Summary
Discusses CD’s and J. D. Hooker’s letters to Lyell concerning Louis Agassiz’s theory of the glaciation of the Amazon basin in Brazil.
Author: | Charles James Fox Bunbury, 8th baronet |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 20 Feb 1866 |
Classmark: | F. J. Bunbury ed. 1891–3, Later life 1: 144–7 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5011F |
Matches: 8 hits
- … be indicated by the distribution of temperate species in the mountains of eastern and …
- … Bunbury’s journal entry acknowledged that temperate species of Gaultheria , Gaylussacia , …
- … which he quotes, as instances of the occurrence of temperate forms on the Organ mountains; …
- … he seems to consider as a “temperate” genus every genus which …
- … is found at all in temperate climates, and here I think him mistaken. I think I mentioned …
- … from Hooker has not been found. For the ‘temperate’ genera mentioned by CD as occurring on …
- … Hypericum , Drosera , and Habenaria as ‘temperate’ genera (see letter to Charles Lyell, 7 …
- … on the Organ mountains in Brazil were not temperate species, but members of the tropical …
To Charles Lyell 7 February [1866]
Summary
Discussion of Mrs Agassiz’s letter [to Mary Lyell, forwarded to CD] regarding S. American glacial action,
with comments on Bunbury’s letter on temperate plants.
Refers to opinions of Agassiz, David Forbes, Hooker, and CD on glacial period and glaciers.
Wishes he had published a long chapter on glacial period [Natural selection, pp. 535–66] written ten years ago.
Tells of death of his sister, Catherine, and other family matters.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 7 Feb [1866] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.312) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4999 |
Matches: 11 hits
- … with comments on Bunbury’s letter on temperate plants. Refers to opinions of Agassiz, …
- … My wonder was how any, even so few, temperate forms reached the mountains of Brazil; & I …
- … the marks of glacial action. For some temperate genera of plants viz Vaccineum, Andromeda, …
- … as Glacial action. That there are not more temperate plants can be accounted for by the …
- … discovered of the identity of so many temperate plants on the summit of Fernando Po & on …
- … are not considered by him, as usually temperate forms, I am of course silenced; but Hooker …
- … marks of glacial action. CD believed that temperate plants retreated to mountains in the …
- … the Cape of Good Hope, and in parts of temperate Australia.... But the great fact to bear …
- … close relationship existed between the temperate flora of Fernando Po, growing above 5000 …
- … in character. CD refers here to the temperate genera listed in the third paragraph of the …
- … s information to argue that ‘Those few temperate forms which were able to penetrate the …
From J. D. Hooker 21 February 1866
Summary
Had Busks and Lyells to dinner.
Examines and criticises evidence for CD’s hypothesis that the glacial period was not one of universal cold. Physicists deny its possibility.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 21 Feb 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 102: 59, 62–4 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5013 |
Matches: 10 hits
- … 1866] , n. 9). In an earlier paper on the temperate flora of Cameroon and Nigeria, Hooker …
- … had juxtaposed CD’s theory of temperate species moving overland to the tropics at the …
- … Darwin Library–CUL. On the existence of temperate plants on tropical mountains, see also …
- … as this of the distribution of Arctic & temperate types over tropical mts. To account for …
- … at present; whilst the dispersion of temperate forms from Japan to Tasmania & from Algeria …
- … found on the distribution of a very few temperate genera & species, a glacial extension …
- … tropical distribution, & claim that of temperate in your own justification. — The question …
- … has so little change been produced in the same time in temperate latitudes. But here you …
- … is the tropical differentiation greater than the temperate & is tropical distribution of …
- … types more general than temperate. I think it is, but to answer that one must see how many …
From J. D. Hooker 14 December 1866
Summary
Scarlet seed is Adenanthera pavonina. JDH’s suggestion on how disseminated.
On Herbert Spencer, "all oil no bone – a thinking pump", but his paper on sap and wood [Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1866): 405–30] is good science. His refusal to bring a specimen for analysis when confronted by JDH.
Bentham and Martin disagreement.
Speculations on New Zealand flora.
Albert Günther’s paper on fishes on each side of Isthmus of Panama [Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1866): 600–4].
On the quantity (bulk and weight) of organic life [matter].
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 14 Dec 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 102: 121–6 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5305 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … into Australia, & of which plants the temperate & tropical plants of that country may be …
- … forms. The presence of so many of these temperate & cold Australian & New Zealand genera …
- … a very extended northern distribution of Australian temperate forms. It is a frightful …
- … the plains of Borneo were covered with a temperate cold vegetation that was driven up Kini …
- … In Origin , pp. 378–80, CD had argued that temperate forms of vegetation had migrated …
To Charles Lyell 15 February [1866]
Summary
Thanks CL for Hooker’s letter.
Discussion of Hooker’s views on glacial action and temperature with specific reference to S. America.
His squabbles with Hooker on transport of seeds via water currents,
temperate plants, and preservation of tropical plants during cooler period.
Expresses interest in seeing Agassiz’s letter.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 15 Feb [1866] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.313) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5007 |
To J. D. Hooker 5 August [1866]
Summary
CD defends his view of land birds on St Helena.
Explains why he would not expect American plants on the Azores.
It makes him miserable that he and JDH look at everything so differently.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 5 Aug [1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 296 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5181 |
From Charles Lyell 1 March 1866
Summary
Feels sure that at times the globe must have been superficially cooler. Believes CD will turn out right with regard to migration across the equator via mountain chains, while the tropical heat of certain lowlands was retained.
Author: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 1 Mar 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 91: 89–90 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5024 |
To J. D. Hooker 16 May [1866]
Summary
Glad to see Asa Gray’s letter.
Asks whether he may insert a sentence about Cape Verde alpine plants in new edition [4th] of Origin.
Fears "twaddle" may also be the word for his two chapters on cultivated plants. Asks for Crawfurd’s paper.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 16 May [1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 289, 289b |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5091 |
To J. D. Hooker [28 February 1866]
Summary
Refers to part of JDH letter on glacial period sent on to Lyell. CD will not yield. Cannot think how JDH attaches so much attention to physicists. Has "come not to care at all for general beliefs without the special facts".
His health is improved but not so good as JDH supposes.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | [28 Feb 1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 94: 31–2 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5020 |
From J. D. Hooker 9 August 1866
Summary
More on continental extension vs transport [or migration] hypothesis. New questions raised. On Madeira, why were insects and plants changed so much, birds hardly at all?
Erratic boulders of the Azores.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 9 Aug 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 102: 94–7 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5186 |
To J. D. Hooker 30 July [1866]
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 30 July [1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 294, 294b |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5167 |
From J. D. Hooker 13 May 1866
Summary
Refers to enclosure from Asa Gray
with whom he can talk calmly now that war is over. North had no right to resort to bloodshed.
Startled by CD’s attendance at Royal Society soirée.
Has asked E. B. Tylor to make up questions for consuls and missionaries, through whose wives a lot of most curious information [for Descent?] could be obtained.
Tying umbilical cord has always been a mystery to JDH.
John Crawfurd’s paper on cultivated plants is shocking twaddle ["On the migration of cultivated plants in reference to ethnology", J. Bot. Br. & Foreign 4 (1866): 317–32].
R. T. Lowe back from Madeira.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 13 May 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 102: 71–4 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5089 |
From Charles James Fox Bunbury to Charles Lyell 3 February 1866
Summary
Discusses Louis Agassiz’s theory of the glaciation of Brazil.
Author: | Charles James Fox Bunbury, 8th baronet |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 3 Feb 1866 |
Classmark: | F. J. Bunbury ed. 1891–3, Later life 1: 134–6. |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4995F |
To J. D. Hooker 8 August [1866]
Summary
Admits that occasional transport is not a well-established hypothesis but believes it more probable than continental extension as an explanation for the stocking of islands.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 8 Aug [1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 297 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5185 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … measure from the Azores, not to Newfoundland, but to the more Southern & temperate States? …
To James Shaw 11 February [1866]
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | James Shaw |
Date: | 11 Feb [1866] |
Classmark: | R. Wallace ed. 1899, pp. lvi–lvii; |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5004 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … were more numerous in tropical than in temperate zones ( Bates 1863 , 1: 20–1). There is …
From J. D. Hooker 25 December 1866
Summary
Analysis of New Zealand flora; proportion of indigenous annuals.
Uniform climates are poor in species.
Evergreen and deciduous vegetation: relationship to flora and fauna.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 25 Dec 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 102: 127–8 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5324 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … with Evergreenity Hence in all humid temperate regions we have as a rule Few species,—many …
To J. D. Hooker 24 December [1866]
Summary
Has finished Variation. May insert a chapter on man.
Still puzzled by seeds of Adenanthera.
New Zealand and Borneo flora problems continued.
Fritz Müller found six genera of dimorphic plants in one day.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 24 Dec [1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 309, 309b |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5321 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … being tenanted by a moderate number of temperate forms during Glacial period, so far from …
From Charles Lyell 10 March 1866
Summary
Comments on cool-period MS. Still believes geographical changes principal cause of former changes of climate.
Author: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 10 Mar 1866 |
Classmark: | K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 408–9 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5031 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … immense tracts of sea in the frigid and temperate zones, would … present a solid surface …
From M. T. Masters 20 April 1866
Summary
Expects R. Caspary’s paper to be published soon.
Reports the conclusions of another of RC’s papers on the movement of tree branches due to cold [Bull. Congr. Int. Bot. & Hortic. Lond. (1866): 98–117]
and discusses a paper by H. Lecoq on the mountain flora of the Auvergne [Proc. Bot. Congr. (1866): 158–65]. He disagrees with CD on glaciation and its effect on geographical distribution.
Author: | Maxwell Tylden Masters |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 20 Apr 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 171: 75 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5062 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … period to lowlands formerly occupied by temperate species and that with a return of warmer …
From J. D. Hooker 4 December 1866
Summary
Lyell’s volume [Principles, 10th ed.] received.
"We must now keep him straight anent origin and development."
Some of Spencer’s new part is interesting but much is dull and ponderous.
Huxley’s Elementary physiology [1866].
Has finished his New Zealand manual [Handbook of New Zealand flora (1864–7)]. New Zealand flora [and past geological conditions] suggest islands were once connected.
Speculates on the total amount of living organised matter on the globe, and whether it varies.
Balfour Stewart on sunspots.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 4 Dec 1866 |
Classmark: | DAR 102: 114–17 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5294 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … the equable climate throughout the south temperate zone and speculated about how a change …
Darwin, C. R. | (11) |
Hooker, J. D. | (7) |
Bunbury, C. J. F. | (2) |
Lyell, Charles | (2) |
Masters, M. T. | (1) |
Darwin, C. R. | (10) |
Hooker, J. D. | (6) |
Lyell, Charles | (4) |
Gray, Asa | (1) |
Müller, Fritz | (1) |
Darwin, C. R. | (21) |
Hooker, J. D. | (13) |
Lyell, Charles | (6) |
Bunbury, C. J. F. | (2) |
Gray, Asa | (1) |
Origin: the lost changes for the second German edition
Summary
Darwin sent a list of changes made uniquely to the second German edition of Origin to its translator, Heinrich Georg Bronn. That lost list is recreated here.
Matches: 10 hits
- … on the mountains of Abyssinia, and likewise to those of temperate Europe. This is one of the most …
- … than at present in various parts of the tropics, where temperate forms apparently have crossed; but …
- … So again, on the island of Fernando Po, Mr. Mann found temperate European forms first beginning to …
- … of the torrid zone harmoniously blended with those of the temperate. So that under certain …
- … have co-existed for an indefinitely long period mingled with temperate forms. At one time …
- … cannot look to the peninsula of India for such a refuge, as temperate forms have reached nearly all …
- … of Java we see European forms, and on the heights of Borneo temperate Australian productions. If we …
- … continent to its southern extremity; but we now know that temperate forms have likewise travelled …
- … are on the mountains of Brazil a few southern and northern temperate and some Andean forms, which it …
- … number of forms in Australia, which are related to European temperate forms, but which differ so …
2.22 L.-J. Chavalliaud statue in Liverpool
Summary
< Back to Introduction At about the time when a statue of Darwin was being commissioned by the Shropshire Horticultural Society for his native town of Shrewsbury, his transformative contributions to the sciences of botany and horticulture were also…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Moncur, who also worked on the north and south blocks of the Temperate House at Kew. The Palm House …
Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865
Summary
On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher who had studied medicine in London and Paris in the early 1840s, visited Down to consult with Darwin about his ill health. In 1863 Chapman started to treat…
Matches: 1 hits
- … lumbago– fundament–rash. Always been temperate– now wine comforts me much– could …
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … would migrate towards the equator during an ice age and that temperate species would survive at …
Rewriting Origin - the later editions
Summary
For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions. Many of his changes were made in…
Matches: 1 hits
- … of similar species in both the northern and southern temperate zones. In the first edition of …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 1 hits
- … observed distributions, such as the presence of the same temperate species on distant mountains, and …
Satire of FitzRoy's Narrative of the Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, by John Clunies Ross. Transcription by Katharine Anderson
Summary
[f.146r Title page] Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle Supplement / to the 2nd 3rd and Appendix Volumes of the First / Edition Written / for and in the name of the Author of those / Volumes By J.C. Ross. / Sometime Master of a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Settlement – a thoroughly convict colony – a healthy temperate climate – far removed from civilized …