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Epsilon: building a collaborative digital framework for c19 letters of science
Summary
ƐPSILON is both a research consortium and a developing, flexible, technical infrastructure for recreating the network of practitioners who expanded scientific knowledge in the long nineteenth century. Have letters? Have ideas? Please join us.
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 29 hits
- … child of God" (1) Abberley, John (1) …
- … Adams, A. L. (1) Addison, John (1) …
- … Allen, J. A. (b) (1) Allen, John (1) …
- … C. J. (3) Andrews, John (1) Ann. …
- … Balfour, J. H. (7) Ball, John (5) …
- … Becher, A. B. (1) Beck, John (2) …
- … Beckhard, Martin (1) Beddoe, John (3) …
- … C. H. (8) Blackwall, John (4) …
- … J. A. H. de (11) Bostock, John (1) …
- … Bridgman, W. K. (3) Brigg, John (1) …
- … Busch, Otto (1) Bush, John (3) Busk, …
- … Caton, J. D. (9) Cattell, John (3) …
- … the Exchequer (1) Chapman, John (4) …
- … Coe, Henry (6) Coghlan, John (2) …
- … Colburn, Henry (3) Colby, John (3) …
- … Colgate, Robert (1) Collier, John (2) …
- … Craig, J. S. (2) Crawfurd, John (3) …
- … Crick, W. D. (11) Crier, John (1) …
- … Davis, J. E. (1) Davy, John (6) …
- … Denny, Henry (13) Denny, John (6) …
- … Downie, Mr (1) Downing, John (3) …
- … Evans, E. G. (2) Evans, John (b) (3) …
- … Farn, A. B. (1) Farr, John (2) Farr, …
- … Fisher, J. F. (2) Fiske, John (14) …
- … Richard (1) Fordyce, John (2) Forel, …
- … Fox, H. S. (3) Fox, John & Sons (1) …
- … Gaertner, Albin (2) Gage, John (1) …
- … Gibbs, George (1) Gibbs, John (2) …
- … Tylor, E. B. (15) Tyndall, John (54) …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 18 hits
- … Quarterly Review discussing works on primitive man by John Lubbock and Edward Burnett Tylor. It …
- … of anonymous reviews. Its proprietor was none other than John Murray, Darwin’s publisher. So …
- … to review me in a hostile spirit’ ( letter to John Murray, 11 August 1874 ). Darwin was …
- … number of the Review & in the same type’ ( letter from John Murray, 12 August 1874 ). George …
- … anonymous reviews. While staying with Hooker over Christmas, John Tyndall, professor at and …
- … as ‘the natural outflow of his character’ ( letter from John Tyndall, 28 December 1874 ). …
- … to purchase the wooded land, which he had been renting from John Lubbock, led to a straining of …
- … the sale was agreed in April for £300 ( letter from John Lubbock, 2 April 1874 ), a high price …
- … for about a week ( letter from E. E. Klein, 14 May 1874 ). John Burdon Sanderson sent the results …
- … of other insect-eating plants. The surgeon and botanist John Ralfs sent Utricularia from …
- … in order to work on its difficult structures ( letter to John Ralfs, 13 July [1874] ). The …
- … a printed appeal for funds, raising £860 ( Circular to John Lubbock, P. L. Sclater, Charles Lyell, …
- … from E. A. Darwin, 17 [March 1874] ). He tried to persuade John Murray to publish a second edition …
- … authority on marriage customs in Descent ( see letter John Murray, 9 May [1874] ). He …
- … for Darwin’s last years. The young physiologist George John Romanes wrote a long letter to Herbert …
- … established by Michael Foster. He then studied under John Scott Burdon Sanderson at University …
- … August in Belfast, several papers featured Darwin’s work. John Tyndall asked Darwin to glance over …
- … seems to me excellent, & as clear as light’ ( letter to John Tyndall, 12 August [1874] ). …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
Matches: 5 hits
- … substances, Darwin next considered sound. He explained to John Tyndall on 4 December: ‘The day …
- … complained. ‘I am ashamed at my blunder’ ( letter to John Tyndall, 22 December [1878] ). …
- … no”’. Darwin shared some of his observations with George John Romanes, who was engaged in his own …
- … the title seems to me quite ridiculous’ ( letter to John Price, 2 April [1878] ). When a wealthy …
- … of the sermon from his old friend, the former vicar of Down, John Brodie Innes. Darwin and Innes had …
Interview with John Hedley Brooke
Summary
John Hedley Brooke is President of the Science and Religion Forum as well as the author of the influential Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives (Cambridge University Press, 1991). He has had a long career in the history of science and…
Matches: 6 hits
- … John Hedley Brooke is President of the Science and Religion Forum as well as …
- … religion. My name is Paul White and with me here today is John Hedley Brooke, who has written a very …
- … religion at Oxford? and it’s very nice to have you here, John. Thank you for coming. Prof. …
- … how individuals react. In Belfast, for example, in 1874, John Tyndall , [a] well-known physicist, …
- … natural philosophers like Robert Boyle, for example ? even John Locke ? could not be demonstrative …
- … Well, that’s a very nice way to end. Thanks so much, John. Prof. Brooke: Well, it’s been …
St George Jackson Mivart
Summary
In the second half of 1874, Darwin’s peace was disturbed by an anonymous article in the Quarterly Review suggesting that his son George was opposed to the institution of marriage and in favour of ‘unrestrained licentiousness’. Darwin suspected, correctly,…
Matches: 5 hits
- … July 1874, Mivart published an anonymous review of works by John Lubbock and Edward Burnett Tylor in …
- … also wondering whether he should break off relations with John Murray, his own publisher and also …
- … courteous response, agreeing to all he asked ( letter from John Murray, 12 August 1874 ). …
- … having been used in a Pickwickian sense’ ( letter to John Murray, 18 October 1874 ). In other …
- … the president, George Allman: he had already spoken to John Tyndall ( letter from John Tyndall, 28 …
Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments
Summary
1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…
Matches: 16 hits
- … of sterility between varieties of Verbascum . When John Scott, foreman of the propagating …
- … Darwin, impressed, gave him the commission ( see letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ). …
- … to publish on Linum ‘at once’ ( letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ), writing up his …
- … buy it. When he submitted the manuscript to his publisher, John Murray, he boasted: ‘I can say with …
- … in the least , whether the Book will sell’ ( letter to John Murray, 9 [February 1862] ). To his …
- … paper for the Natural History Review ( see letter to John Lubbock, 16 [December 1862] ). Aware …
- … of the old Beagle crew, Bartholomew James Sulivan, John Clements Wickham, and Arthur Mellersh, …
- … of this, he prescribed strict conditions for a meeting with John Lubbock: ‘if you could … let me go …
- … at 9 o clock I do not think it would hurt me’ ( letter to John Lubbock, 23 October [1862] ). …
- … on botany. Even at the start of their correspondence he told John Scott: ‘Botany is a new subject to …
- … odds & ends of botany & you know far more’ ( letter to John Scott, 19 November [1862] ). …
- … Lyell, 14 October [1862] ). Moreover, when the physicist John Tyndall, fresh from a summer in the …
- … of Darwin’s circle was in Switzerland in the summer: John Lubbock briefly met up with Tyndall and …
- … discovered prehistoric lake-dwellings ( see letter from John Lubbock, 23 August 1862 ). Lubbock …
- … to view the prehistoric sites near Amiens ( see letter from John Lubbock, 15 May 1862 ), and he …
- … about the antiquity of the human species ( see letter from John Lubbock, 6 January 1862 ). …
4.21 Gegeef, 'Our National Church', 1
Summary
< Back to Introduction A print with the ironic title Our National Church: The Aegis of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity was issued by the London publisher Edmund Appleyard in c.1872-3, and sold at a penny. The artist who drew it signed himself …
Matches: 1 hits
- … attacked religious bigotry. Examples can be found in the John Johnson collection of political and …
The Lyell–Lubbock dispute
Summary
In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…
Matches: 23 hits
- … In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book …
- … also added the following note on page 11: *Mr. John Lubbock published, after these sheets …
- … wrote to Henrietta Emma Darwin, ‘whereas after talking to John, he thought him not wrong, after …
- … avoiding any mention of the note in the preface (letter to John Lubbock, 11 June [1865] ). No …
- … on page 11, C. Lyell 1863c (original version) *Mr. John Lubbock published, after these sheets …
- … on page 11, C. Lyell 1863c (revised version) *Mr. John Lubbock published, in the October …
- … Van Riper 1993. 2. Letter from Charles Lyell to John Lubbock, 20 February 1863 (British …
- … 1863b, p. 214). 12. Letter from Hugh Falconer to John Lubbock, 24 May [1864], in (British …
- … written for me by a mutual friend of ours’ (letter from John Lubbock to J. D. Hooker, 23 June 1865, …
- … March 1865, in BL MSS ADD 49641. 16. Letter from John Lubbock to Charles Lyell, 13 March …
- … 17. Rough notes for letter from Charles Lyell to John Lubbock, undated, in University of Edinburgh …
- … note, see the first enclosure (letter from Charles Lyell to John Lubbock, 25 May 1865) to the …
- … n. 10. 20. See the second enclosure (letter from John Lubbock to Charles Lyell, 29 May …
- … 21. See the third enclosure (letter from Charles Lyell to John Lubbock, 30 May 1865) to the …
- … Huxley papers 6: 108, 111). 30. Letter from John Lubbock to T. H. Huxley, 9 June 1865 …
- … Hutchinson, Horace Gordon. 1914. Life of Sir John Lubbock, Lord Avebury . 2 vols. London: …
- … 1–34, 129–88; 15 (1863–66): 245–321. Lubbock, John. 1861. The kjökkenmöddings: recent …
- … Natural History Review n.s. 1: 489–504. Lubbock, John. 1862a. On the ancient lake …
- … Natural History Review n.s. 2: 244–69. Lubbock, John. 1863a. A visit to the ancient shell …
- … on theories of the origin of species by variation . London: John Murray. Lyell, Charles. …
- … of species by variation. 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. Lyell, Charles. 1863c. …
- … of species by variation . 3d edition, revised. London: John Murray. Lyell, Charles. 1864. …
- … by geological monuments . 6th edition, revised. London: John Murray. Lyell, Katharine Murray …
Natural Science and Femininity
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…
Matches: 3 hits
Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
Summary
'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
Matches: 8 hits
- … to spread my views’, he wrote to his publisher, John Murray, on 30 January , shortly after …
- … Hooker’s cause was taken up by his friends, in particular John Lubbock and John Tyndall, as one …
- … to Gladstone a week later ( enclosure to letter from John Lubbock to W. E. Gladstone, 20 June 1872 …
- … photographic plates with his overseas publishers, and with John Murray’s assistant, the excitable …
- … of the booksellers, encouraged an originally cautious John Murray to gamble on the book’s success: & …
- … attractive dishes in his `Literary Banquet’ (letters from John Murray, 6 November [1872] and 9 …
- … to supply comparative observations, and Darwin’s protégé John Scott, now employed as a curator in …
- … a copy of Expression to another old Cambridge friend, John Maurice Herbert, who when they were …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 10 hits
- … of scientific admirers at Down, among them Robert Caspary, John Traherne Moggridge, and Ernst …
- … regime led to Darwin’s being teased by his neighbour, John Lubbock, about the prospect of riding to …
- … with our beagles before the season is over’ ( letter from John Lubbock, 4 August 1866 ). More …
- … On 21 February Darwin received notification from John Murray that stocks of the third edition of …
- … face at R.S. Soirèe—which I dreamed of 2 nights running. Tyndall came up to me in raptures at seeing …
- … George Henslow, the son of his Cambridge mentor, John Stevens Henslow, stayed for two days in April …
- … In June, Darwin was visited by the orchid specialist John Traherne Moggridge, whose work on the self …
- … out, ‘business would be totally paralysed’. Similarly, John Murray gave as a reason for his decision …
- … ‘gaieties travelling & War Bulletins’ ( letter from John Murray, 18 July 1866 ). I …
- … for the criminal prosecution of the colonial governor Edward John Eyre. In his efforts to suppress …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 10 hits
- … Mentors Darwin's close relationship with John Stevens Henslow, the professor of botany …
- … he mentored. The first is between Darwin and his neighbour, John Lubbock and the second is between …
- … Letter 1585 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, [Sept 1854] Darwin sends Lubbock a beetle he …
- … Letter 1720 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, 19 [July 1855] Darwin congratulates Lubbock on …
- … Letter 1979 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, 27 Oct [1856] Darwin provides detailed …
- … expert William Bernard Tegetmeier and the Scottish gardener John Scott, illustrate how the rigid …
- … him to publish in his journal. The debate about John Scott Letter 3800 — …
- … Letter 3805 — Darwin, C. R. to Scott, John, 12 Nov [1862] Darwin thanks Scott for bringing …
- … in the anthers. Letter 4463 — Scott, John to Darwin, C. R., 14 Apr [1864] Scott …
- … to Gray, Asa, 13 Sept [1864] Darwin sends abstract of John Scott’s paper [see 4332 ] and …
Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?
Summary
Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…
Matches: 9 hits
- … Thomas Lauder Brunton, a specialist in pharmacology, and John Scott Burdon Sanderson, a professor at …
- … “for Heaven knows when it will be ready” ( letter to John Murray, 4 May [1873] ). Keeping …
- … with leading physiologists such as David Ferrier and John Hughlings Jackson. Darwin declined to …
- … Instinct In February, Darwin received a letter from John Traherne Moggridge on the nature of …
- … A group of Huxley’s close friends, including Hooker, John Lubbock, Herbert Spencer, John Tyndall, …
- … your own power & usefulness”, citing the examples of John Stuart Mill and Charles Lyell, who …
- … from Ernst Meitzen, 17 January 1873 ). A poor-law officer, John Farr, wrote: “Faith like Species, …
- … more permanent than species are permanent” ( letter from John Farr, 7 July 1873 ). Further …
- … closer to home, when he was graced by an invitation from John Jenner Weir to act as a patron of the …
Darwin in letters, 1856-1857: the 'Big Book'
Summary
In May 1856, Darwin began writing up his 'species sketch’ in earnest. During this period, his working life was completely dominated by the preparation of his 'Big Book', which was to be called Natural selection. Using letters are the main…
Matches: 3 hits
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 24 hits
- … The Emigrant, Head [F. B. Head 1846] St. John’s Highlands [C. W. G. Saint John 1846] …
- … B.M. 6. 6. Black Edin. Longman [Ramsay 1848] St. John’s Nat. Hist. of Sutherlanshire, Murray …
- … Liebigs Lectures on Chemistry [Liebig 1851]. Sir John Davies. China during the War and Peace …
- … d . Series. vol 3. p. 1 to 312 30 th Colquhoun (John) The Moor & the Loch [Colquhoun …
- … Buffon [Milne-Edwards 1834–40]. March 5 th St. John’s Highlands [Saint John 1846] 8 …
- … Tone Autobiography [Tone 1826] very amusing March 10 John Galt Autobiography [Galt 1833] poor …
- … 1848] Madam Malguet [Torrens] 1848] —— Lives of John & Alex. Belthune [?Bethune 1840 and …
- … Ireland [Thompson 1849–56]. Vol. I. II & 3 May. St. John’s Tour in Sutherlandshire [Saint …
- … 171] Pagets Travels in Hungary & Transylvania [John Paget 1839]— account of Dogs like …
- … Empire [Huc 1855] Feb 16 th Pagets Hungary [John Paget 1839] —— Bechsteins …
- … 23] 1858 Life of Montaigne by B. St. John [B. Saint John 1858].— Miss …
- … in the Botanist , 5 vols. (1837–41), edited by John Stevens Henslow and B. Maund. 37 …
- … may have reissued both parts in 1844. 39 John Lindley served as assistant secretary …
- … The letter was addressed to Nicholas Aylward Vigors about John Fleming, and the review was by …
- … Possibly a mistake for “Mowbray”, the pseudonym of John Lawrence, whose Treatise on domestic …
- … this list at the back of the notebook. 84 John Lindley described plant breeding …
- … with ‘O’ in pencil. 103 Hugh Cuming. John Gould Anthony published Description of …
- … colonies. London. 119: 23b Abercrombie, John. 1838. Inquiries concerning the …
- … *119: 16v. ——. 1848. The military life of John Duke of Marlborough . Edinburgh and …
- … by Harriet Martineau. London. 128: 3 Audubon, John James Laforest. 1831–9. …
- … Emperor of Hindustan, written by himself . Translated by John Leyden and William Erskine. 2 vols. …
- … scientiarum; or, new method of studying the sciences . [By John Hoppus.] (Library of Useful …
- … . 29 pts. Prague and Paris. *128: 179 Barrow, John. 1801. An account of travels into …
- … of Good Hope . 2 vols. London. 119: 9a Barrow, John. 1847. An auto-biographical memoir …
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 4 hits
- … as Daniel Oliver, Friedrich Hildebrand, Fritz Müller, and John Scott who had provided initial …
- … the full paper. A disgruntled Darwin reported to George John Romanes on 23 May , ‘the Council …
- … and ignorance in the name of science: ‘I am not John the baptist from the wilderness of locusts and …
- … me in a considerate and friendly manner.’ He wrote to John Brodie Innes, the former vicar of Down, …
Darwin’s Photographic Portraits
Summary
Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…
Matches: 1 hits
- … George Biddle Airy, and friend and close correspondent John Tyndall. Lock and Whitfield seem to have …
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
Matches: 4 hits
- … the mother and foetus during pregnancy. As a case in point, John Jenner Weir described the offspring …
- … also discussed recent experiments by Louis Pasteur and John Tyndall that provided evidence for the …
- … a memorandum. He asked his neighbour, the naturalist John Lubbock, who was now MP for Maidstone, to …
- … reference to mankind of much importance ’ ( letter to John Lubbock, 17 July 1870 ). The motion to …
