To Charles Lyell 7 February [1866]
Summary
Discussion of Mrs Agassiz’s letter [to Mary Lyell, forwarded to CD] regarding S. American glacial action,
with comments on Bunbury’s letter on temperate plants.
Refers to opinions of Agassiz, David Forbes, Hooker, and CD on glacial period and glaciers.
Wishes he had published a long chapter on glacial period [Natural selection, pp. 535–66] written ten years ago.
Tells of death of his sister, Catherine, and other family matters.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 7 Feb [1866] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.312) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4999 |
Matches: 11 hits
- … with comments on Bunbury’s letter on temperate plants. Refers to opinions of Agassiz, …
- … My wonder was how any, even so few, temperate forms reached the mountains of Brazil; & I …
- … the marks of glacial action. For some temperate genera of plants viz Vaccineum, Andromeda, …
- … as Glacial action. That there are not more temperate plants can be accounted for by the …
- … discovered of the identity of so many temperate plants on the summit of Fernando Po & on …
- … are not considered by him, as usually temperate forms, I am of course silenced; but Hooker …
- … marks of glacial action. CD believed that temperate plants retreated to mountains in the …
- … the Cape of Good Hope, and in parts of temperate Australia.... But the great fact to bear …
- … close relationship existed between the temperate flora of Fernando Po, growing above 5000 …
- … in character. CD refers here to the temperate genera listed in the third paragraph of the …
- … s information to argue that ‘Those few temperate forms which were able to penetrate the …
To J. D. Hooker 4 December [1857]
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 4 Dec [1857] |
Classmark: | DAR 114: 216 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2180 |
To J. D. Hooker 12 August 1881
Summary
Responds to JDH on history of plant geography.
Opinion of Humboldt.
Origin of higher phanerogams.
Importance of the occurrence of south temperate forms in the Northern Hemisphere.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 12 Aug 1881 |
Classmark: | DAR 95: 524–7 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13288 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Importance of the occurrence of south temperate forms in the Northern Hemisphere. …
- … is more interesting than that of the temperate forms in S. hemisphere common to the …
- … Cameroon Mountains, Hooker had noted that temperate plants that were common in Europe were …
- … Dalton. 1863b. On the plants of the temperate regions of the Cameroons Mountains and …
To J. D. Hooker 15 November [1856]
Summary
CD finds JDH’s objections to a mundane cold period significant, and he endeavours to show how they do not rule out mutability.
He is writing on crossing.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 15 Nov [1856] |
Classmark: | DAR 114: 182 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1989 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … viz that many fold more of the warm-temperate species ought to have crossed the Tropics …
- … would be as follows. Some of the warm-temperate forms would penetrate the Tropics long …
- … sh d . infer that we ought to have in warm temperate S. hemisphere more representative or …
- … tolerably close species in the warmer temperate lands of the S. & N. I know not; as in La …
To Asa Gray 11 August [1858]
Summary
Species migration since the Pliocene. Effect of the glacial epoch. Present geographical distribution, especially similarities of mountain floras, explained by such migration; mountain summits as remnants of a once continuous flora and fauna.
Cross-fertilisation in Fumariaceae.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 11 Aug [1858] |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (42 and 9a) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2321 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … America, and of other parts of the northern temperate zone. [Read 14 December 1858 and 11 …
- … till it became what it now is; & then the temperate parts of Europe & America would be …
- … considerably distressed , that several temperate forms slowly travelled into the heart of …
- … As the temperature rose, all the temperate intruders would crawl up the mountains. Hence …
- … identical but representative forms of N. temperate plants. — There are similar classes of …
To Charles Lyell 26 April [1858]
Summary
Comments on letter from Georg Hartung to CL dealing with erratic boulders.
Discusses migration of plants and animals.
A letter from Thomas Thomson on heat endured by temperate plants.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 26 Apr [1858] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.151) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2262 |
To J. D. Hooker 18 March [1861]
Summary
Argument, based on geographical distribution and competition, for a mundane glacial period rather than cooling of one longitudinal belt at a time.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 18 Mar [1861] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 90 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3091 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Tropics became slightly cooled, and a few temperate forms reached the Silla of Caraccas …
- … immigrated. But the productions of the temperate regions would have probably found under …
- … Hence I can persuade myself that the temperate productions would not entirely replace & …
- … and other animals; whereas the invading temperate productions though finding a favouring …
To J. D. Dana 5 April [1857]
Summary
Asks whether Crustacea from temperate parts of the Southern Hemisphere are more strongly analogous to those in same latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere than are Arctic to Antarctic Crustacea.
Discusses astonishing finds of mammalian and reptilian remains in Purbeck beds; notes reactions of Lyell.
Has doubts about Richard Owen’s recent classification of mammals [J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 2 (1858): 1–37].
Works away [on Natural selection].
Asa Gray has given valuable assistance.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | James Dwight Dana |
Date: | 5 Apr [1857] |
Classmark: | Yale University Library: Manuscripts and Archives (Dana Family Papers (MS 164) Series 1, Box 2, folder 44) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2072 |
To J. D. Hooker 19 January [1865]
Summary
"Climbing plants" sent off.
Encourages JDH to include notes on gradation of important characters in Genera plantarum or to write a paper on the subject. Has given prominence to gradation of unimportant characters in climbing plants. Believes that it is common for the same part in an individual plant to be in different states. Same may be true of important parts – for example position of ovule may differ.
Two articles in last Natural History Review interested him; "Colonial floras" [n.s. 5 (1865): 46–63]
and "Sexuality of cryptogams" [n.s. 5 (1865): 64–79].
Fact of similarity of orders in tropics is extremely curious. Thinks it may be connected with glacial destruction.
Leo Lesquereux says he is a convert for the curious reason that CD’s books make birth of Christ and redemption by grace so clear to him!
"Not one question [for JDH] in this letter!"
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 19 Jan [1865] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 258a–c |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4748 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … number of Crustacean forms inhabit warmer temperate regions. I have had an enormous letter …
- … tropical plants, and the migration of temperate plants towards, and in some cases across, …
- … species inhabiting the northern and southern temperate zones, and intertropical mountains; …
- … was a greater number of species in warmer temperate latitudes ( Dana 1853a , p. 1498). An …
To Charles Lyell 15 February [1866]
Summary
Thanks CL for Hooker’s letter.
Discussion of Hooker’s views on glacial action and temperature with specific reference to S. America.
His squabbles with Hooker on transport of seeds via water currents,
temperate plants, and preservation of tropical plants during cooler period.
Expresses interest in seeing Agassiz’s letter.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 15 Feb [1866] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.313) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5007 |
To G. H. K. Thwaites 29 December [1862]
Summary
Asks for any authentic cases of "sports", which CD calls "bud-variations". Flowers introduced from warmer temperate regions are said to be particularly apt to sport in this way.
CD now has proof that Cinchona is dimorphic and that some dimorphic plants are absolutely sterile with their own-form pollen.
Asks GHKT to examine or send pollen specimens of two Ceylon genera.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George Henry Kendrick Thwaites |
Date: | 29 Dec [1862] |
Classmark: | Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3880 |
To J. D. Hooker 17–18 [June 1856]
Summary
Comments on Huxley–Falconer dispute [see "On the method of palaeontology", Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 18 (1856): 43–54].
Wollaston’s On the variation of species [1856].
Has exploded to Lyell against the extension of continents.
Plants common to Europe and NW. America as result of temperate climate.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 17–18 [June 1856] |
Classmark: | DAR 114: 170 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1904 |
To H. W. Bates 26 March [1861]
Summary
Comments on the great extent of variations and on the acknowledgment of the new idea of greater female variety.
Expresses belief that the glacial period did affect the tropics, though HWB’s arguments have confounded him.
Poses a series of questions concerning sexual selection.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Henry Walter Bates |
Date: | 26 Mar [1861] |
Classmark: | Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3100 |
To J. D. Hooker [14 November 1858]
Summary
An enclosure sent with the letter to JDH, 14 November [1858] (Correspondence vol. 7) - questions and comments on lists of European species found in south-west Australia and Tasmania, and European genera found in Australia.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | [14 Nov 1858] |
Classmark: | DAR 50: E55–6 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2361F |
To J. D. Hooker 9 May [1862]
Summary
Sorry to hear of JDH’s household troubles.
Will try to get a couple of flowers of Leschenaultia to send him.
"What a good case that of the Cameroons"; the 4000ft [elevation] is much to CD’s "private satisfaction".
Sends JDH a copy of Orchids.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 9 May [1862] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 149 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3541 |
To J. D. Hooker 3 January [1860]
Summary
High praise and detailed comments on JDH’s introductory essay to Flora Tasmaniae, which CD has now finished reading.
Disagrees on power of transoceanic migration. Advocates glacial transport of plants.
CD’s response to reviews of Origin in Saturday Review [8 (1859): 775–6] and John Lindley’s in Gardeners’ Chronicle [but see 2651].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 3 Jan [1860] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 1 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-2635 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … coexistence of at least forms of Tropics & Temperate regions. I can give parallel case for …
- … in Tropics of world, ie confined to Temperate regions. — I excessively wish to know, on …
- … not lie. ) What capital lists you give of temperate forms in S. Africa & Fuegia! The list …
- … big area & fitted for Tropics & not for temperate parts have invaded & almost exterminated …
To H. W. Bates 4 May [1862]
Summary
Thanks for letter and "valuable" extracts.
If S. American Carabi differ more from other species than do those from other distant locations (e.g., Siberia, Europe, etc.), CD agrees that difference would be too great to have occurred in the recent glacial age; CD also rejects independent origin. Plants seem to migrate more readily than animals. HWB should not underrate length of glacial period; CD also believes they will be driven to an older glacial period.
Sorry about news of British Museum – hopeless to contend against anyone supported by Owen.
CD dearly wishes HWB could find a situation in which he could give time to science.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Henry Walter Bates |
Date: | 4 May [1862] |
Classmark: | Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3532 |
To J. D. Hooker 5 August [1866]
Summary
CD defends his view of land birds on St Helena.
Explains why he would not expect American plants on the Azores.
It makes him miserable that he and JDH look at everything so differently.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 5 Aug [1866] |
Classmark: | DAR 115: 296 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5181 |
To James Croll 24 November 1868
Summary
Comments on glaciers in North America.
Asks if glacial periods have occurred alternately in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Relevant to his glacial discoveries in South America: "it would have been an immense relief to my mind if I could have assumed … this". CD wishes to discuss subject in new edition of Origin [5th].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | James Croll |
Date: | 24 Nov 1868 |
Classmark: | DAR 143: 353 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6473 |
To James Croll 31 January [1869]
Summary
Returns book with thanks. "Joyfully accepts" idea of the warming of Southern Hemisphere during glacial period in the Northern. Lyell is unwilling.
Mentions H. N. Moseley’s study of descent of glaciers [Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 17 (1869): 202–8].
CD greatly troubled by problem of age of the earth and calculations of Sir William Thomson. Asks about changes in the form of the globe.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | James Croll |
Date: | 31 Jan [1869] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.361) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6585 |
Hooker, J. D. | (52) |
Lyell, Charles | (9) |
Gray, Asa | (8) |
Wallace, A. R. | (5) |
Bates, H. W. | (3) |
Darwin, C. R. | (109) |
Hooker, J. D. | (52) |
Lyell, Charles | (9) |
Gray, Asa | (8) |
Wallace, A. R. | (5) |
Origin: the lost changes for the second German edition
Summary
Darwin sent a list of changes made uniquely to the second German edition of Origin to its translator, Heinrich Georg Bronn. That lost list is recreated here.
Matches: 10 hits
- … on the mountains of Abyssinia, and likewise to those of temperate Europe. This is one of the most …
- … than at present in various parts of the tropics, where temperate forms apparently have crossed; but …
- … So again, on the island of Fernando Po, Mr. Mann found temperate European forms first beginning to …
- … of the torrid zone harmoniously blended with those of the temperate. So that under certain …
- … have co-existed for an indefinitely long period mingled with temperate forms. At one time …
- … cannot look to the peninsula of India for such a refuge, as temperate forms have reached nearly all …
- … of Java we see European forms, and on the heights of Borneo temperate Australian productions. If we …
- … continent to its southern extremity; but we now know that temperate forms have likewise travelled …
- … are on the mountains of Brazil a few southern and northern temperate and some Andean forms, which it …
- … number of forms in Australia, which are related to European temperate forms, but which differ so …
2.22 L.-J. Chavalliaud statue in Liverpool
Summary
< Back to Introduction At about the time when a statue of Darwin was being commissioned by the Shropshire Horticultural Society for his native town of Shrewsbury, his transformative contributions to the sciences of botany and horticulture were also…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Moncur, who also worked on the north and south blocks of the Temperate House at Kew. The Palm House …
Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865
Summary
On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher who had studied medicine in London and Paris in the early 1840s, visited Down to consult with Darwin about his ill health. In 1863 Chapman started to treat…
Matches: 1 hits
- … lumbago– fundament–rash. Always been temperate– now wine comforts me much– could …
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … would migrate towards the equator during an ice age and that temperate species would survive at …
Rewriting Origin - the later editions
Summary
For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions. Many of his changes were made in…
Matches: 1 hits
- … of similar species in both the northern and southern temperate zones. In the first edition of …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 1 hits
- … observed distributions, such as the presence of the same temperate species on distant mountains, and …
Satire of FitzRoy's Narrative of the Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, by John Clunies Ross. Transcription by Katharine Anderson
Summary
[f.146r Title page] Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle Supplement / to the 2nd 3rd and Appendix Volumes of the First / Edition Written / for and in the name of the Author of those / Volumes By J.C. Ross. / Sometime Master of a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Settlement – a thoroughly convict colony – a healthy temperate climate – far removed from civilized …