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List of correspondents

Summary

Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent.    "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…

Matches: 14 hits

  • … "A child of God" (1) Abberley, John (1) …
  • … Benson, W. H. (2) Bentham, George (66) …
  • … Browne, Walter (6) Brownen, George (1) …
  • … Bush, John (3) Busk, George (18) …
  • … Claus, C. F. (9) Clendon, George, Jr (1) …
  • … Crookes, William (1) Cross, George (5) …
  • … Alexander (1) Dickie, George (3) …
  • … Fox, W. D. (225) Francis, George (1) …
  • … F. S. B. (10) Fraser, George (3) …
  • … Gibbons, W. H. S. (1) Gibbs, George (1) …
  • … Gordon, C. G. (1) Gordon, George (a) (3) …
  • … Grenville, G. N. (1) Grey, George (3) …
  • … Grove, G. (1) Grove, George (1) …
  • … Gull, W. W. (1) Gulliver, George (3) …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … lady”. Darwin, E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March 1862 - DAR 219.1:49) Emma Darwin …
  • … has not been able to do more than look at the plates as Mr. Cupples got hold of it first. …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Asa Gray about the observations of orchids made by his son, George. He details George’s findings and …
  • … Darwin, [11 November 1865] J. S. Henslow’s son, George, passes on the results of some …
  • … the second edition of  Descent  to Darwin's son George. The work is tedious and Wallace …
  • … editing the second edition of  Descent  to his son, George. Darwin warns George that it will …
  • … editing the second edition of  Descent  to his son, George. Darwin warns George that it will …

Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts

Summary

At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of  Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … a difficulty for his theory ( Origin  4th ed., pp. 450–1). Croll’s theory, simply stated, proposed …
  • … various species from Britain and overseas. The dog-breeder George Cupples worked hard on Darwin’s …
  • … I would willingly do so’ ( letter from Robert Elliot to George Cupples, 21 June 1869 ).  …
  • … the prescription. Henrietta Emma Darwin wrote to her brother George on  10 April (DAR 245: 291) …
  • … paternal grandfather, Erasmus, to two of Darwin’s sons (George and Leonard), who had recently …

Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution

Summary

The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’.  Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … selection to humans from Alfred Russel Wallace and St George Jackson Mivart, and heated debates …
  • … ( letter to H. W. Bates, [22 May 1870] ). St George Jackson Mivart Another set of …
  • … selection to human evolution came from the zoologist St George Jackson Mivart. A protégé of Thomas …
  • … the form of a Scottish deerhound puppy, the pride and joy of George Cupples, who had written to …
  • … Walter Scott’s celebrated “Maida”’ ( letter from George Cupples, 17 September 1870 ). Darwin …
  • … much with Polly & enjoys English life’  ( postcard to George Cupples, 27 November [1870] ). …
  • … concern of the father for his children were reciprocated. George, who was now a fellow at Trinity …
  • … letter from G. H. Darwin, [3 February 1870 or earlier] ). George devoted considerable effort to …

Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?

Summary

Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…

Matches: 13 hits

  • … 1873). Darwin asked one of his Scottish correspondents, George Cupples, who the author might be, …
  • … for I knew my own ignorance before hand” ( letter to George Cupples, 28 April [1873] ). …
  • … Hooker, John Lubbock, Herbert Spencer, John Tyndall, George Busk, and William Spottiswoode met with …
  • … accepted, than Darwin reconsidered in favour of his son George. Keeping such editorial work in the …
  • … A family affliction The job also suited George’s current situation, for he had been forced to …
  • … problems that bore some resemblance to his father’s, George tried a variety of treatments during the …
  • … recommended by Andrew Clark. “When I have an attack”, George complained, “I’m to starve sweat & …
  • … offering to move the family to Malvern if it would make George more comfortable. Mindful of …
  • … and responsibility for his children’s health. He wrote to George and Horace (who was also often …
  • … to G. H. Darwin, 5 March [1873] ). Darwin worried too that George, perhaps owing to physical …
  • … he was more reserved about an essay on religion, advising George to reconsider publication: “It is …
  • … to G. H. Darwin, 21 October [1873] ). Darwin also warned George of the evils of “giving pain to …
  • … They ran into difficulties, however, with the vicar, George Sketchley Ffinden, who had been …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 13 hits

  • … differently styled plants ( letter from Fritz Müller, 1 January 1882 , and letter to Fritz …
  • … This was confirmed by one of his correspondents. A clerk, George Frederick Crawte, recounted a …
  • … transit of Venus on an expedition to Queensland, Australia. George’s recent work had been highly …
  • … Robert Stawell Ball that was printed in Nature declared George ‘the discoverer of tidal …
  • … the great judges think highly of the work … I believe that George will some day be a great …
  • … family and close friends grew worried. Letters were sent to George, who was soon to return from …
  • … 3 April 1882 ). He sent a cheque for a memorial to the late George Rolleston ( letter to H. N. …
  • … carried him off the next day. Henrietta immediately wrote to George, who had visited Down on 11 …
  • … a rare declaration on the origins of life to the chemist George Warington, who was keen to reconcile …
  • … to remain each man’s private property’ ( letter to George Warington, 11 October [1867] ). …
  • … One of Darwin’s other great loves, dogs, was indulged by George Cupples, a writer and experienced …
  • … can assure you, we will all make much of him’ ( letter to George Cupples, 20 September [1870] ). …
  • … was used by Darwin against his most aggressive critic, St George Jackson Mivart, who claimed that …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 13 hits

  • … an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second half of the …
  • … the spirit world. While Darwin was in London, his son George organised a séance at Erasmus’s house. …
  • … Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood. Those present included George Darwin, the psychic researcher …
  • …  2d ed., p. v). Among the many contributors was George Cupples, a Scottish deerhound expert …
  • … in, litters of puppies to other dog breeders (letters from George Cupples, 21 February 1874 and …
  • … from R. F. Cooke, 12 November 1874 ). Darwin's son George had laboured hard on the …
  • … affair Before helping Darwin revise  Descent , George had taken up questions of human …
  • … Lubbock and Edward Burnett Tylor. It included an attack on George’s paper as speaking ‘in an …
  • … in order to check population’. The review was by St George Jackson Mivart, one of the most …
  • … Descent of man  ( Descent  1: 134). By interpreting George’s article as a defence of such immoral …
  • … a bitter dispute ensued over Mivart’s misrepresentation of George’s views, and more generally the …
  • … on his son ( letter to G. H. Darwin, [27 July 1874] ).  George, however, consulted with his …
  • … thought it appropriate to apply pressure on Murray to print George’s defence. After re-reading …

Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex

Summary

The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…

Matches: 9 hits

  • … in three parts in the  Pall Mall Gazette , was by George Henry Lewes, well-known in London’s …
  • … begin to think a veritable ass’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 1 September [1868] ). I am …
  • … very fruitful. On 1 May , Darwin received a letter from George Cupples, who was encouraged to …
  • … Regarding mammals, however, views differed. Of deer-hounds, Cupples wrote between 11 and 13 May , …
  • … advice from the entomologist and librarian at Cambridge, George Robert Crotch, writing to his mother …
  • … Darwin passed Wallace’s pages over to his son George, now a Cambridge-trained mathematician, who …
  • … the expression of natives faces as I meet them,’ wrote George Henry Kendrick Thwaites on 1 April …
  • … for fellowship of the Linnean Society ( letter from George Bentham, [after 29 September 1868] ). …
  • … now in life’. In January, the family learned the news that George’s performance on the mathematical …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Other contacts such as William Bernard Tegetmeier and George Frederick Cupples, introduced him to …