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The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 21 hits

  • In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book
  • some of whom took immediate action to mediate a solution. Charles Darwin had close ties with both
  • his views were generally derided. 1  In 1859, Lyell visited several sites in France
  • belief that these were indeed implements of early humans (C. Lyell 1859). In September 1860 he
  • such as the mammoth ( Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 4 May [1860] and n. 3; …
  • regarding the age of the human species. The visits by both Lyell and Lubbock reflected the growing
  • Lubbock reviewed the literature on the topic and noted that Charles Adolphe Morlot had summarised, …
  • Prehistoric times (Lubbock 1865).  By 1860, Lyell had begun work on a sixth edition of
  • Antiquity of man (see below, ‘Textual changes made to C. Lyell 1863c’). On 6 February 1863, …
  • work of Morlot as the source for information on the topic. Lyell also added the following note on
  • …   In February 1863, Lubbock received a letter from Lyell, evidently in response to an earlier letter
  • had tried, indirectly, to influence him. He told Hooker: 10 Do see Falconer & …
  • his celebrated work on theAntiquity of man ,’ Sir Charles Lyell has made much use of my earlier
  • me from any such inference. The statement made by Sir Charles Lyell, in a note to page 11 of his
  • it therefore did notjustify so severe an attack on Sir Charles Lyell’. 32  Darwins
  • Stocking 1987, and Van Riper 1993. 2. Letter from Charles Lyell to John Lubbock, 20
  • 5. For two interpretations of Hugh Falconers attack on Charles Lyell, see Bynum 1984 and L. G. …
  • 8. See Correspondence vol. 11, letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] and n. 7. …
  • letter to Athenæum , 18 April [1863] , and letter to Charles Lyell, 18 April [1863 ]. …
  • BL MSS ADD 49641. 16. Letter from John Lubbock to Charles Lyell, 13 March 1865
  • 19. See letter from J. D. Hooker, 2 May 1865 and n. 10. 20. See the second enclosure

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

Matches: 21 hits

  • At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of  The variation of
  • by the publication in February of books by his friends Charles Lyell, the respected geologist, and
  • Britains scientific circles following the publication of Lyells and Huxleys books. Three
  • Origin had (see  Correspondence  vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). In the
  • with animals now extinct had been rapidly accumulating. Lyells argument for a greater human
  • as well as on evidence collected earlier in the century. Lyells  Antiquity of man  and Huxleys  …
  • arguments for species change. In this context, Lyells discussion of the origin of species
  • that of inferior animals made himgroan’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). Darwin
  • out that species were not separately created’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 17 March [1863] ). Public
  • you, as my old honoured guide & master’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). …
  • stronger statements regarding species change ( letter from Charles Lyell, 11 March 1863 ). The
  • letter to J. D. Dana, 20 February [1863] , and letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). …
  • bookfrom which he hadgained nothing’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 1213 March [1863] ). …
  • that the Public shall see how far you go’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 April [1863] ). …
  • had been published in 1862 (see  Correspondence  vol. 10). He sent a copy to Asa Gray to review in
  • international interest in his theory ( see letter to Charles Lyell, 17 March [1863] ). In January
  • from Hooker that the French botanists Joseph Decaisne and Charles Naudin thought little of his
  • of species, when crossed’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 10 [January 1863] ). He reminded Huxley again
  • Verbascum  and  Zea  (see  Correspondence vol. 10, Appendix VI). However, when  Evidence as
  • other acquired differences’ (see  Correspondence  vol. 10, Appendix VI). In addition to crossing
  • orchid genus  Acropera  (see  Correspondence  vol. 10). Their 1863 letters reveal Darwins

Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics

Summary

On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…

Matches: 18 hits

  • the book was on sale even in railway stations ( letter to Charles Lyell, 14 January [1860] ). By
  • current knowledge could not illuminate thismystery’. Charles Lyell worried, among other things, …
  • did not necessarily lead to progression ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860] ). To
  • of reasoning about global change. Darwin also knew that Lyell was a powerful potential ally. Indeed, …
  • plant species and varieties than from animal breeding. With Lyell also questioning how interbreeding
  • perfected structure as the eye. As Darwin admitted to Lyell, Gray, and others, imagining how
  • form’, namely those of embryology ( letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] ). Only his theory, he
  • Certainly this was a major difficulty standing in the way of Lyells acceptance of the theory, as
  • explicitly in  Origin  — only one sentence, he told Lyell, showed that he believedman is in same
  • of the scientifically literate clergymen Baden Powell and Charles Kingsley attested. Moreover, …
  • views.—’ ( letter from J. S. Henslow to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1860 ). What worried Darwin most
  • any new converts or even cause earlier proponents (like Lyell) to retract their support altogether
  • he received, in letters to his closest confidants Hooker, Lyell, and Gray. Initially he found it
  • hostile critique of his geological argument, he wrote to Lyell on 6 June [1860] : 'I am
  • serve a purpose in Britain. He immediately wrote to Gray on 10 September after studying the first
  • better fun observing is than writing.—’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 12 September [1860] ). Despite
  • … & not amuse myself with interludes.—’ (letters to Charles Lyell, 24 November [1860] , and to
  • daughter Annes fatal illness never far from their minds, Charles and Emma did whatever they could

List of correspondents

Summary

Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent.    "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…

Matches: 27 hits

  • … (12) Agassiz, Louis (10) Agent for Mr Allen …
  • … Arruda Furtado, Francisco d’ (10) Ashburner, Lionel (1) …
  • … Edwards & Co. (1) Babbage, Charles (10) …
  • … Bond, Frederick (2) Boner, Charles (5) …
  • … Edward (1) Bradlaugh, Charles (2) …
  • … Brayley, E. W. (1) Breese, Charles (1) …
  • … Samuel (b) (14) Buxton, Charles (2) …
  • … Chapman, John (4) Charles, R. F. (2) …
  • … (1) Covington, Syms (10) Cowper-Temple, W. F. …
  • … Crawfurd, John (3) Crawley, Charles (2) …
  • … Virginius (3) Dallas, Charles (1) …
  • … Dixie, Florence (3) Dixon, Charles (1) …
  • … (9) Errera, L. A. (10) Erskine, H. N. B. …
  • … (13) Forbes, Edward (10) Forbes, J. D. …
  • … François de Chaumont, F. S. B. (10) Fraser, George (3) …
  • … (1) Gosse, P. H. (10) Goubert, E. M. J. M. P. …
  • … Symington (1) Griffin, Charles (1) …
  • … Albert (64) Günzbourg, Charles (1) …
  • … (1) Harcourt, E. W. V. (10) Hardwicke’s …
  • … Hinrichs, G. D. (4) Hinton, Charles (1) …
  • … King, P. P. (1) Kingsley, Charles (18) …
  • … (1) Leighton, W. A. (10) Leng, H. H. …
  • … (60) Litchfield, R. B. (10) Literary Fund …
  • … Lydekker, R. (1) Lyell, Charles (277) …
  • … (1) Miller, W. H. (10) Milne Home, David …
  • … (7) Reeks, Henry (10) Reeks, Trenham …
  • … (5) Reuter, Adolf (10) Reviewer (1) …

Darwin in letters, 1858-1859: Origin

Summary

The years 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on species, he was jolted into action by the arrival of an unexpected letter from Alfred Russel Wallace…

Matches: 20 hits

  • as he jokingly called it) to his views of close friends like Charles Lyell, Joseph Dalton Hooker, …
  • concepts of creation. ‘When I was in spirits’, he told Lyell at the end of 1859, ‘I sometimes
  • infinitely  exceeded my wildest hopes.—’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 25 [November 1859] ). This
  • bookon species. Begun in May 1856 at the urging of Lyell, the manuscript was already more than
  • his reason or his own opinion. Hewett Cottrell Watson and Charles Cardale Babington thought that in
  • and dismay is evident in the letter he subsequently wrote to Charles Lyell, as Wallace had requested
  • his terms now stand as Heads of my Chapters.’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [June 1858] ). …
  • Following Francis DarwinLL 2: 11617) and relying on Charles Lyells endorsement, the editors
  • Then, on 18 June he forwarded Wallaces paper to Lyell (Brooks 1984, pp. 2623). It is of some
  • who is distressed, as Darwin clearly was in his letter to Lyell, at the prospect of losing priority
  • Gray in September 1857. The correspondence between Darwin, Lyell, and Hooker contains all of the
  • with scarlet fever, currently sweeping through the village. Charles Waring Darwins condition
  • work. Again, he called upon Lyell for advice ( letter to Charles Lyell, 28 March [1859] ). Lyell
  • from the title of the forthcoming book ( letter to Charles Lyell, 30 March [1859] ). Darwin next
  • on the origin of species and varieties’ (letters to Charles Lyell, 28 March [1859] , and to
  • having finished the last of the proof-sheets13 months & 10 daysafter he had begun to write
  • selection thelaw of higgledy-piggledy’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, [10 December 1859] ). To each
  • convinced. Darwin was particularly interested in Charles Lyells response to his theory. He
  • on  Origin  by acelebrated author and divine’ (Charles Kingsley) thatit is just as noble a
  • the lacunas w h . he himself had made’ ( letter from Charles Kingsley, 18 November 1859 ). This

Darwin in letters, 1856-1857: the 'Big Book'

Summary

In May 1856, Darwin began writing up his 'species sketch’ in earnest. During this period, his working life was completely dominated by the preparation of his 'Big Book', which was to be called Natural selection. Using letters are the main…

Matches: 15 hits

  • On 14 May 1856, Charles Darwin recorded in his journal that heBegan by Lyells advice  writing
  • by the preparation of this manuscript. Although advised by Lyell to publish only a brief outline
  • material into such a small compass and soon abandoned Lyells idea in favour of a full-length work
  • this process. Still prominent in his immediate circle were Charles Lyell and Joseph Dalton Hooker, …
  • and other domesticated animals. As Darwin explained to Lyell, his studies, particularly those on
  • of how selection might work in nature ( letter from Charles Lyell, 12 May 1856, n. 10 ). He was
  • eaten have grown well.’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 10 December [1856] ). His faith in his
  • to William Erasmus Darwin, [26 February 1856] and to Charles Lyell, 3 May [1856] ). …
  • 21 [July 1857] ). The problem of careers for his six boys (Charles Waring Darwin, the sixth and
  • writing in part to establish his priority in this area, for Charles Lyell thought that Wallaces
  • All the available material seems to indicate that it was Lyell rather than Darwin who feared the
  • Darwins manuscript on species was begun only after Lyell had urged him to publish a preliminary
  • given on an occasion other than the one previously supposed. Charles and Mary Elizabeth Lyell
  • opportunity to explain his theory of natural selection to Lyell. Yet the suggestion of composing a
  • not embrace the whole Lamarckian doctrine.’ ( letter from Charles Lyell, 12 May 1856, n. 7 ). The

Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments

Summary

The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…

Matches: 22 hits

  • In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwins mind was the writing of  The variation of animals and
  • dispute between two of Darwins friends, John Lubbock and Charles Lyell . These events all inspired
  • claimed, important for his enjoyment of life. He wrote to Charles Lyell on 22 January [1865] , …
  • given it up by early July ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, [10 July 1865] ). In July, he
  • finished hearing it read aloud ( letter to Fritz Müller, 10 August [1865] ). Over the next few
  • … ( see letter from Fritz Müller, [12 and 31 August, and 10 October 1865] ; since it is impossible
  • similarly coloured varieties (see  Correspondence  vol. 10, letter to John Scott, 19 November
  • … ‘industry & ability’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [10 March 1865] ). Scott took these
  • and those of Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon, and Charles Bonnet; Darwin wrote back: ‘I do
  • the Royal Society of Edinburgh criticising Origin . Like Charles Lyell, who wrote to Darwin on
  • for existence (ibid., pp. 27681). Darwin responded to Lyells account in some detail ( see letter
  • of transmutation to humans (see  Correspondence  vol. 10, letter from J. H. Balfour, 14 January
  • … ( Correspondence vol. 11, letter from J. D. Hooker, 10 June 1863 ). However, probably
  • the correspondence. At the end of May, the dispute between Charles Lyell and John Lubbock over
  • human antiquity, adding a note to his preface asserting that Lyell in his  Antiquity of man , …
  • Natural History Review . He also cited a statement by Lyell in  Antiquity of man  that the pages
  • inadvertence’. Though Lubbock had raised the matter with Lyell before publishing, this statement, …
  • sent to Darwin and its enclosures have not been found, so Lyells letter to Hooker, which must have
  • Correspondence vol. 13. Hooker, while acknowledging Lyells fault, thought Lubbocks
  • set up to support FitzRoys children ( see letter from Charles Shaw, 3 October 1865 ). …
  • Cresy, 7 September [1865] , and letter from Edward Cresy, 10 September 1865 ). Francis and
  • are letters commenting on Origin , including two from Charles Lyell, who had been sent the proof

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 25 hits

  • … 1 Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by …
  • … from the correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, …
  • … following: Actor 1 – Asa Gray Actor 2 – Charles Darwin Actor 3 – In the dress …
  • … the botanist, Joseph D Hooker GRAY:   3   Charles Darwin… made his home on the border …
  • … the year 1839, and copied and communicated to Messrs Lyell and Hooker in 1844, being a …
  • … you sent me as well as I could. DARWIN:  10   My dear Dr Gray. I really hardly know …
  • … at the expense of Agassiz. DARWIN:   20   Lyell told me, that Agassiz, having a …
  • … Hooker is younger than Darwin and Gray by about 10 years. Like Gray, he is a professional botanist …
  • … – to be false… Yours most sincerely and gratefully Charles Darwin. CREED AND FEVER: 1858 …
  • … right when he said the whole subject would be forgotten in 10 years. But now that I hear you will …
  • … a lesser degree ‘Blood’s One Penny Envelope, 1, 3, and 10 cents’. If you will make him this present, …
  • … forgetfuless of your darling. BOOKS BY THE LATE CHARLES DARWIN: 1863-1865 In which …
  • … and officially die. And then publish books ‘by the late Charles Darwin’. Darwin takes up …
  • …   173   Ever yours cordially (though an Englishman) Charles Darwin. GRAY:  174   …
  • … HOOKER:   208   We had a horrid scare 10 days ago, in the form of a Telegram from ‘Nature’ to …
  • … at an unexpected and probably transient notoriety… Charles Darwin died on the 19th April …
  • … XVII, 1882 4  C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER 10 MAY 1848 5  C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER …
  • … 9  A GRAY TO C DARWIN, 22 MAY 1855 10  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 24 AUGUST 1855 …
  • … JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 72  A GRAY TO C DARWIN, 10 JANUARY 1860 73  C DARWIN TO …
  • … GRAY TO JD HOOKER, 18 FEBRUARY 1861 115 A GRAY TO CHARLES WRIGHT, 17 APRIL 1862 …
  • … A GRAY, 21 JULY 1861 120 A GRAY TO JD HOOKER, 10 JUNE 1861 121  A GRAY TO C …
  • … 18 FEBRUARY 1862 129  JD HOOKER TO C DARWIN, 10 MARCH 1862 130  C DARWIN …
  • … 23 NOVEMBER 1862 136  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 10–20 JUNE 1862 137  A GRAY TO …
  • … AND 26 JANUARY 1862 142  A GRAY TO C DARWIN, 10 NOVEMBER 1862 143  A …
  • … TO ASA GRAY 20 APRIL 1863 174 FROM A GRAY TO CHARLES DARWIN, 24 JULY 1865 …

Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest

Summary

The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of  Origin. Darwin got the fourth…

Matches: 13 hits

  • The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now
  • of coffee to two cups a day, since coffee, with the10 drops of Muriatic acid twice a day (with
  • the chemistry go on better’ ( letter from H. B. Jones, 10 February [1866] ). Darwin began
  • in correspondence throughout the year, as in his remark to Lyell, ‘I quite follow you in thinking
  • in this volume), drawing Darwin, Hooker, and the botanist Charles James Fox Bunbury into the
  • … [28 February 1866] ). Darwin also ventured to inform Lyell that he did not support Lyells theory
  • you are in for it’ ( letter from H. E. Darwin, [  c . 10 May 1866] ). Henriettas letter
  • fresh opportunity for intense debate. As Darwin remarked to Lyell earlier in the year: ‘a squabble
  • good, & we have been at it many a long year’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 15 February [1866] ). …
  • had been a subject of long discussion in previous years with Lyell, Gray, and Hooker. Wallace
  • know how to begin’ ( letter to Fritz Müller, [before 10 December 1866] ). The intrusion of
  • other German states and Austria in June and July. Writing on 10 May from Württemberg, one of the
  • loneliness’ ( letter from E. C. Langton to Emma and Charles Darwin, [6 and 7? January 1866] ), and

Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles

Summary

Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…

Matches: 16 hits

  • Species theory In November 1845, Charles Darwin wrote to his friend and confidant Joseph
  • activity. There are, for example, twenty lengthy letters to Charles Lyell from these years and a
  • carefully re-examined his own thesis in letters to Milne, Lyell, and Robert Chambers, and, in
  • for publication in the Scotsman. Yet when the editor, Charles Maclaren, maintained that it would be
  • original fieldwork wastime thrown away’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 8 [September 1847] ). …
  • formations. Darwins explanation, originally suggested by Lyell, was that the boulders were
  • failed to convince other prominent geologists, among them Lyell, so Darwin was keenly interested in
  • in the subject. The letters also reveal that Lyell sought Darwins advice in the preparation
  • …  and  Manual of elementary geology . In addition, Lyell asked for Darwins view of his major new
  • or nearly so, or whether they had grown gradually, as Lyell maintained, from one envelope of lava
  • critical point in the controversy, and the point on which Lyell at the time felt it necessary to
  • volcanic islands that some craters could not be explained by Lyells view. Apparently convinced by
  • would be athorn in the side of É de B.’ (letter to Charles Lyell, 3 January 1850 ). …
  • … (see Correspondence vol. 2, letter to Leonard Jenyns, 10 April [1837]) and it was intended that
  • theory is all gospel.—’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1848 ). Once Darwin had decided to
  • or either remained unmarried. Each daughter was bequeathed £10,000, Charles was bequeathed £15,500, …

Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution

Summary

The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’.  Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … proofs of  Descent  in December, he wrote to his friend Charles Lyell, ‘thank all the powers above …
  • … November [1868] ; this volume, letter to Thomas Woolner, 10 March [1870] ). Darwin included …
  • … in Paris. Quatrefages had just completed a book,  Charles Darwin et ses précurseurs français  …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 12 hits

  • at Erasmuss house. The event was led by the medium Charles E. Williams, and was attended by George
  • friend Joseph Dalton Hooker, and finally borrowed one from Charles Lyell ( letter to Smith, Elder
  • at a much reduced price of nine shillings, in line with Charles Lyells  Students elements of
  • an insignificant figure, as a cube of cartilage of  1 / 10  inch is almost beyond their
  • 1874 ). Darwin immediately sent a donation of £100, and £10 each from his sons George and Francis ( …
  • raising £860 ( Circular to John Lubbock, P. L. Sclater, Charles Lyell, W. B. Carpenter, and Michael
  • Sharpe, 24 November [1874] ).  He wrote in admiration of Charles Lyells plan to leave a bequest to
  • and sent a copy to Darwin ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 10 July 1874 ). After a second letter from
  • of the English editions. Darwins French publisher, Charles Reinwald, engaged new translators to
  • the Beagle) in December ( letter from C.-F. Reinwald , 10 December 1874 ). Samuel Jean Pozzi and
  • connotations of both Huxleys and Tyndalls addresses, Charles Lyell, who had spent his career
  • may be fairly said to have had an ovation’ ( letter from Charles Lyell, 1 September 1874 ). …

The writing of "Origin"

Summary

From a quiet rural existence at Down in Kent, filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on the transmutation of species, Darwin was jolted into action in 1858 by the arrival of an unexpected letter (no longer extant) from Alfred Russel Wallace outlining a…

Matches: 20 hits

  • infinitely exceeded my wildest hopes.— (letter to Charles Lyell25 [November 1859] ) …
  • bookon species. Begun in May 1856 at the urging of Lyell, the manuscript was already more than
  • his reason or his own opinion. Hewett Cottrell Watson and Charles Cardale Babington thought that in
  • and dismay is evident in the letter he subsequently wrote to Charles Lyell, as Wallace had requested
  • his terms now stand as Heads of my Chapters.’ (letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [June 1858] ). …
  • Following Francis Darwin (LL2:11617) and relying on Charles Lyells endorsement, the editors have
  • Then, on 18 June he forwarded Wallaces paper to Lyell (Brooks 1984, pp. 2623). It is of some
  • who is distressed, as Darwin clearly was in his letter to Lyell, at the prospect of losing priority
  • Gray in September 1857. The correspondence between Darwin, Lyell, and Hooker in this volume contains
  • unpublished letter from Wallace to Hooker thanking him and Lyell fortheir kind offices on this
  • was during the days immediately following his letter to Lyell. On 18 June 1858, his eldest daughter, …
  • with scarlet fever, currently sweeping through the village. Charles Waring Darwins condition
  • to think of a publisher for the work. Again, he called upon Lyell for advice (letter to Charles
  • from the title of the forthcoming book (letter to Charles Lyell, 30 March [1859] ). Darwin next
  • essay on the origin of species and varieties’ (letters to Charles Lyell, 28 March [1859] , and to
  • having finished the last of the proof-sheets13 months & 10 daysafter he had begun to write
  • selection thelaw of higgledy-piggledy’ (letter to Charles Lyell, [10 December 1859] ). To each
  • convinced. Darwin was particularly interested in Charles Lyells response to his theory. He
  • on  Origin  by acelebrated author and divine’ (Charles Kingsley) thatit is just as noble a
  • the lacunas w  h . he himself had made’ (letter from Charles Kingsley, 18 November 1859 ). This

Rewriting Origin - the later editions

Summary

For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions.  Many of his changes were made in…

Matches: 8 hits

  • it up to date with scientific advancesBy Origins 10 th birthday, he was prepared to
  • up each edition to the existing standard of science’ ( to Charles Layton, 24 November [1869] ). …
  • expansionin many places’ . Chief among these was Charles Lyell, instrumental in shaping both
  • last one was a welcome endorsement from the religious author Charles Kingsley, a chaplain to the
  • Black Pigs in the Everglades  delights  me If Lyell was Darwins key correspondent for
  • … (With a glossary of scientific terms??) by Charles Darwin F.R.S.   …
  • many of his old friends and former correspondents, including Lyell ( now approached through his
  • ed. , pp45061). Despite continuing scepticism from Charles Lyell, who was staying with the

Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute

Summary

Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…

Matches: 13 hits

  • …   Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large …
  • … of Argyll, and an anonymous review by an engineer, Henry Charles Fleeming Jenkin, challenged …
  • … hypothesis of pangenesis’. Such was the case, reported by Charles Victor Naudin, of a fan palm, …
  • … anxious about the reception of pangenesis. He was happy that Charles Lyell had a positive response, …
  • … will be a somewhat important step in Biology’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 22 August [1867] ). …
  • … on the anatomy of expression by medical experts such as Charles Bell and Guillaume Benjamin Amand …
  • … and ‘clever’, but with certain weak parts ( letter to Charles Lyell, 1 June [1867] ). Charles
  • … as one who feels himself likely to be beat’ ( letter from Charles Kingsley, 6 June 1867 ). Darwin …
  • … c d  hardly come into a scientific book’ ( letter to Charles Kingsley, 10 June [1867] ). …
  • … the most telling Reviews of the hostile kind’ ( letter to Charles Kingsley, 10 June [1867] ). …
  • … & botany, before writing about them’ ( letter from Charles Kingsley, 6 June 1867 ). The …
  • … than those with beaks shorter than average’ ( letter to Charles Kingsley, 10 June [1867] ). …
  • … letters about  Variation . Darwin wrote to Carus on 10 December , informing him of errors …

Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'

Summary

The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…

Matches: 13 hits

  • by all the leading geologists of Englandamong them Charles Lyell, Sedgwick, and Buckland (see the
  • of South America”, Darwin continued to defend his and Lyells theory that floating icerather than
  • lists of Darwins plants (see D. M. Porter 1981). Charles Lyell In the extensive
  • correspondent, both scientifically and personally, was Charles Lyell. The letters Darwin and Lyell
  • had declared himself to be azealous discipleof Lyell, but his theory of coral reef formation, …
  • Their correspondence began in 1836 and from the start Lyell accepted Darwin on equal terms as a
  • versions in Life and Letters , and from excerpts that Lyell made in his notebooks. Lyells
  • portfolios together with parts of letters he had cut from Lyells originals for use in his work. …
  • The letters show that at least five of his friendsLyell, Henslow, Jenyns, Waterhouse, and his
  • a sound solution to what J. F. W. Herschel in a letter to Lyell had called themystery of mysteries
  • for evidence to support his hypothesis. In a letter to Lyell, [14] September [1838] , he wrote: & …
  • interpretations of phenomena. Schweber (1977, pp. 30410) sees a growing agnosticism in the
  • In 1840 the illness was different. As he wrote to Charles Lyell, [19 February 1840] , “it is now

Controversy

Summary

The best-known controversies over Darwinian theory took place in public or in printed reviews. Many of these were highly polemical, presenting an over-simplified picture of the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Letter 2575 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, [10 Dec 1859] Darwin discusses with King' …
  • … Darwin and his close friends, Joseph Dalton Hooker and Charles Lyell, show that Darwin, who had …
  • … at the Linnean Society of London, and presided over by Lyell and Hooker, reveals much about the …
  • … differences. Letter 2285 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 18 [June 1858] Darwin …
  • … it to journal. Letter 2294 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, [25 June 1858] …
  • … wrote to him. Letter 2295 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 26 [June 1858] Darwin …
  • … of case. Letter 2299 — Hooker, J. D. & Lyell, Charles to Linnean Society, 30 June …

Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers

Summary

In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…

Matches: 9 hits

  • within the family, Henrietta explained to Stephen on 10 January , hoping that he did not think
  • investigate aggregation. He explained to Fritz Müller on 10 September why he had embarked on
  • to the general stock of knowledge’ ( letter to E. W. Bok, 10 May 1881 ). Josef Popper, an expert
  • to R. F. Cooke, 5 October 1881 ). The publication date was 10 October, but by 7 October Darwin
  • of soil, while his brother James Geikie told Darwin on 10 October that no one wouldany longer
  • method in future science classes, the American entomologist Charles Riley praised Darwin for not
  • in plants. A critical study of the work of the same name by Charles Darwin, together with new
  • loss of a close friend were prompted by the publication of Charles Lyells Life, letters, and
  • year ended with the happy news of a birth. On 7 December, Charles and Emma Darwins second

Darwin in letters, 1861: Gaining allies

Summary

The year 1861 marked an important change in the direction of Darwin’s work. He had weathered the storm that followed the publication of Origin, and felt cautiously optimistic about the ultimate acceptance of his ideas. The letters from this year provide an…

Matches: 12 hits

  • notably his faithfulbarometerof scientific opinion, Charles Lyell ( see letter to Charles Lyell
  • like Cuthbert Collingwood and laymen such as the physician Charles Robert Bree and the Scottish
  • of the contrivances.–-’ ( letter of [28 July10 August 1861] ). Later in the year, he went even
  • and poultry. As he frequently admitted to friends such as Charles Lyell and interested supporters
  • prominently in the correspondence of 1861. Here, it was Charles Lyell who continued to act as Darwin
  • subsidence, and glaciation in Europe. Through his letters, Lyell involved Darwin in his
  • he had published a major paper twenty years earlier. Both Lyell and Darwin encouraged the young
  • the marine theory proposed by Darwin and since propounded by Lyell. Despite his belief that Jamieson
  • had beenone long gigantic blunder’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 September [1861] ). The
  • would entail, however, providing William with a deposit of £10,000 as guarantee of probity, funds
  • network in support of his son. On 1 August he wrote to Charles Lyell to ask whether he could suggest
  • His old and established friendsHooker, Gray, Huxley, and Lyellcontinued to support his doctrines, …

Dates of composition of Darwin's manuscript on species

Summary

Many of the dates of letters in 1856 and 1857 were based on or confirmed by reference to Darwin’s manuscript on species (DAR 8--15.1, inclusive; transcribed and published as Natural selection). This manuscript, begun in May 1856, was nearly completed by…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … summary of Wallace’s theory of transmutation ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [June 1858] ). Darwin …
  • … struggle for existence as bearing on natural selection (DAR 10.1; Natural selection , pp. 173- …
  • … March 1857 On natural selection (DAR 10.2; Natural selection , pp. 214--74) …
  • … selection , pp. 388--462) 10 9 March 1858 …
  • … June 1858 [Correcting chapter 6] (DAR 10.2: 26a--nn; Natural selection , pp …
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