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To Francis Darwin   [1 May 1876]

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Summary

Expresses his pride in FD, whose article ["On the structure of the snail’s heart", J. Anat. Physiol. 10 (1876): 506–10] was highly praised by G. H. Lewes.

Lewes has also been quoting FD’s letter in Nature [13 (1876): 384–5] on pycrotoxine in relation to the vivisection controversy.

Was introduced to James Sully, author of the article in Mind on Wilhelm Wundt ["Physiological psychology in Germany", 1 (1876): 20–43]

and Sensation and intuition (1874) [see 10320], by "Mrs Lewes" (George Eliot).

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [1 May 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 271.4: 5
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10489A

Matches: 14 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   [1 May 1876] …
  • … DAR 271.4: 5 Charles Robert Darwin [1 May 1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … the Protection of Animals Liable to Vivisection 1876 , p. 22). James Sully had published a …
  • … 1874 ); his article on Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt was published in Mind in January 1876 ( …
  • … Sully 1876 ). …
  • … of the snail’s heart", J. Anat. Physiol. 10 (1876): 506–10] was highly praised by G. H. …
  • … been quoting FD’s letter in Nature [13 (1876): 384–5] on pycrotoxine in relation to the …
  • … Physiological psychology in Germany", 1 (1876): 20–43] and Sensation and intuition ( …
  • … with minutes of evidence and appendix; 1876 (C.1397, C.1397-1) XLI.277, 689. House of …
  • … of Animals Liable to Vivisection. 1876. Statement of the Society for the Protection of …
  • … CD visited Lewes and Evans on 30 April 1876. Francis Darwin’s article ‘On the structure of …
  • … Darwin 1876a ) had been published in April 1876; his letter on the use of pycrotoxine (now …
  • … London: Henry S. King & Co. Sully, James. 1876. Physiological psychology in Germany. Mind …
  • … vivisection experiments in Nature , 16 March 1876, pp. 384–5. In the latter, Francis wrote …

To Francis Darwin   27 [September 1876]

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Summary

Sends last chapter of Orchids [1877] for revision.

Has some articles that might interest FD.

Has invited Ferdinand Cohn and his wife to Down but hopes they will not come.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  27 [Sept 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 13
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10621

Matches: 15 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   27 [September 1876] …
  • … DAR 211: 13 Charles Robert Darwin Down 27 [Sept 1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1876. Klemm, Margot. 2002. Ferdinand Julius Cohn …
  • … University of Stuttgart. Koch, Robert. 1876. Untersuchungen über Bacterien. V. Die …
  • … des Bacillus Anthracis . Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 2 (1876–7): 277–310. …
  • … Nowakowski, Leon. 1876. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Chytridiaceen II. Polyphagus …
  • … mit geschechtlicher Fortpflanzung. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 2 (1876–7): 201–19. …
  • … the letter to F. J. Cohn, 26 September [1876] .The second volume of the journal Beiträge …
  • … Darwin’s wife, Amy, had died on 11 September 1876. Francis and Amy were married on 23 July …
  • … with sexual reproduction; Nowakowski 1876 ), and Robert Koch’s ‘Die Aetiologie der …
  • … history of Bacillus anthracis ; Koch 1876 ). A review and summary of Nowakowski’s paper …
  • … instruments held at South Kensington from May to December 1876 ( Klemm 2002 , p. …
  • … 234; see The Times , 15 May 1876, p. 10, for a report on Queen Victoria’s opening …
  • … Ernst Haeckel had visited on 26 September 1876; Cohn, his wife, Pauline, and Ferdinand …
  • … Darwin to Leonard Darwin, [29 September 1876] (DAR 239.23: 1.51)). Haeckel had lost his …

To Francis Darwin   [2 June 1876]

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Summary

Looks to FD’s "grand discovery" as almost certain. Suggests observations.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [2 June 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 271.3: 16
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10526

Matches: 9 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   [2 June 1876] …
  • … DAR 271.3: 16 Charles Robert Darwin Hopedene [2 June 1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … Erasmus Darwin had been injured on 10 May 1876, when his horse fell ( Emma Darwin’s …
  • … DAR 242); letter to W. D. Fox, 26 May [1876] ). He went to London to see the surgeon James …
  • … DAR 242); letter from James Paget, 30 May 1876 ). The ‘bad day yesterday’ would presumably …
  • … between this letter and the letter from Francis Darwin, [1 June 1876] . Francis joined the …
  • … Darwins at Hopedene in Surrey on 3 June 1876 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). CD …
  • … letter from Francis Darwin, [1 June 1876] . Francis had discovered protoplasmic filaments …
  • … now D. fullonum ; see letter from Francis Darwin, [28 May 1876] , and F. Darwin 1877b ). …

To Francis Darwin   30 [May 1876]

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Summary

Discusses FD’s observations on the protrusion of protoplasmic masses by cells of the teasel. Suggests analogy with amoeba. "I would work at this subject if I were you, to the point of death."

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  30 [May 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 271.3: 14
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10517

Matches: 10 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   30 [May 1876] …
  • … DAR 271.3: 14 Charles Robert Darwin Hopedene 30 [May 1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … note on Dionaea muscipula (Venus fly trap) in Gardeners’ Chronicle , 27 May 1876, p. 689. …
  • … See letter from Francis Darwin, [28 May 1876] and n. 4. Drosera is the genus of sundews. …
  • … relationship between this letter and the letters from Francis Darwin , [28 May 1876] and [ …
  • … 29 May 1876] . CD …
  • … evidently wrote ‘Monday’ in error; 30 May 1876 was a Tuesday. CD’s advice was in response …
  • … see letter from Francis Darwin, [29 May 1876] ). CD refers to a solution of carbonate of …
  • … a synonym of D. fullonum ). See letter from Francis Darwin, [28 May 1876] and n. 3. …
  • … See letter from Francis Darwin, [28 May 1876] and n. 3. An amoeba was considered to be a …

To Francis Darwin   2 October [1876]

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Summary

Thanks FD for corrections [to Orchids (1877)].

Thinks Johann von Fischer’s paper on monkeys’ rumps [Der Zoologische Garten 17 (1876): 116–27, 174–9] worth translating, and he intends to write a letter on it to Nature [Collected papers 2: 207–11].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  2 Oct [1876]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 15
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10629

Matches: 11 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   2 October [1876] …
  • … DAR 211: 15 Charles Robert Darwin Down 2 Oct [1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … monkeys’ rumps [ Der Zoologische Garten 17 (1876): 116–27, 174–9] worth translating, and …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1876. Fischer, Johann von. 1873. Iltis ( Mustela …
  • … Books, Shoe String Press. Wiesner, Julius. 1876. Die natürliche Einrichtungen zum Schutze …
  • … letter to Francis Darwin, 27 [September 1876] and n. 2). The common or European polecat ( …
  • … letter to Francis Darwin, 20 September [1876] ). The paper on the Iltis (polecat) was …
  • … 1876a in an article in Nature , 2 November 1876, pp. 18–19, ‘Sexual selection in relation …
  • … see the letter from Francis Darwin, [1 June 1876] and n. 2. The results were published in …
  • … see letter from Francis Darwin, 27 May 1876 ). The book has not been identified, but was …
  • … of chlorophyll in living plants; Wiesner 1876 ). CD had been made a member of the society …

To Francis Darwin   [30 April 1876]

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Summary

CD has just had an interview with Edward Frankland, who "almost laughs" at FD’s idea of getting potash and soda out of the soil by treating it with sulphuric acid. Asks FD to send him a soil sample to give to Frankland. Sends enclosures giving address and labels for soil samples.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [30 Apr 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 271.4: 10
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10485B

Matches: 10 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   [30 April 1876] …
  • … DAR 271.4: 10 Charles Robert Darwin [30 Apr 1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … The date is established from the postmark. The Sunday before 1 May 1876 was …
  • … 30 April 1876. …
  • … CD visited Frankland on 30 April 1876; see letter to …
  • … Edward Frankland, 27 April [1876] and n. 3. CD was trying to make soil free from nutrients …
  • … Agricultural Station; see letter to J. H. Gilbert, 16 February 1876 , and letter from J. …
  • … H. Gilbert, 4 March 1876 . Henry Lettington was a gardener at Down House. Edward Jessup …
  • … soil CD wanted evidently came. See letter to Edward Frankland, 27 April [1876] and n. 3. …
  • … Frankland’s diary entry for the 30 April 1876 (see Russell 1996 , pp. 331–2) recorded a …

To Francis Darwin   8 October [1876]

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Summary

Sends an article for FD.

Is glad he is able to work on his teasel paper [Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 26 (1878): 4–8]; suggests some observations FD could make.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  8 Oct [1876]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 16
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10635

Matches: 10 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   8 October [1876] …
  • … DAR 211: 16 Charles Robert Darwin Bassett 8 Oct [1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … Press. 1985–. Dallinger, William Henry. 1876. Practical notes on ‘heterogenesis,’ a …
  • … reputed feature of spontaneous generation’, appeared in the October 1876 issue of Popular …
  • … Science Review ( Dallinger 1876 ). It discussed evidence that had been advanced in support …
  • … to the fungus and was feeding upon it ( Dallinger 1876 , pp. 345–6, and p. 351, fig. 11). …
  • … see F. Darwin 1877a , pp. 6–7). The October 1876 issue of Popular Science Review reported …
  • … of cats ( Popular Science Review 15 (1876): 437–8). CD had published on the homing …
  • … to W. H. Dallinger, [after 10 January 1876] and n. 4. Francis was experimenting with …
  • … see letter from Francis Darwin, [1 June 1876] and n. 2). He later described the filaments …

To Francis Darwin   20 September [1876]

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Summary

Suggests German works worth translating.

Is glad FD is keeping busy; he has worked excellently on proof-sheets [of Orchids (1877)].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  20 Sept [1876]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 11
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10611

Matches: 9 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   20 September [1876] …
  • … DAR 211: 11 Charles Robert Darwin Down 20 Sept [1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … See letter to Francis Darwin, 16 September [1876] and n. 1. CD was correcting proof-sheets …
  • … in the letter from Emma Darwin to Leonard Darwin, [26 September 1876] (DAR 239.23: 1.50)). …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1876. Marginalia : Charles Darwin’s marginalia. …
  • … letter to Francis Darwin, 16 September [1876] . CD’s heavily annotated copy of Christian …
  • … Darwin Archive–CUL (see letters from Johann von Fischer , [before 15 September 1876] and …
  • … 15 September 1876 ). The articles CD recommended are ‘Aus dem Leben eines jungen Mandril ( …
  • … see letter to W. E. Darwin, 11 September [1876] ). Francis’s paper ‘On the protrusion of …

To Francis Darwin   [11 October 1876]

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Summary

Asks for reference to an article on a mandrill.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [11 Oct 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 17
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10638

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   [11 October 1876] …
  • … DAR 211: 17 Charles Robert Darwin Bassett [11 Oct 1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … Garten ( Fischer 1876a ; see letter to Francis Darwin, 20 September [1876] and n. 3). …
  • … Part 1 of Fischer 1876a was published in April 1876, pp. …
  • … 116–27; part 2 in June 1876, pp. 174–9. …

To Francis Darwin   25 September [1876]

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Summary

FD’s corrections for Orchids [1877] are all very good and useful.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  25 Sept [1876]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 12
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10617

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   25 September [1876] …
  • … DAR 211: 12 Charles Robert Darwin Down 25 Sept [1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1876. Orchids 2d ed. : The various contrivances by …
  • … letter to Francis Darwin, 16 September [1876] . Orchids 2d ed. was published in January …
  • … See letter to Francis Darwin, 16 September [1876] and n. 1. The corrections were for Cross …

To Francis Darwin   [1 June 1876]

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Summary

Comments on FD’s discovery – "if it so proves". It will be important to see whether the protoplasm oozes through the cell-walls [of Dipsacus] or whether it can be withdrawn.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [1 June 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 271.3: 15
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10525

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   [1 June 1876] …
  • … DAR 271.3: 15 Charles Robert Darwin unstated [1 June 1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … the relationship between this letter and the letter from Francis Darwin, [28 May 1876] . …
  • … The Thursday after 28 May 1876 was 1 June. Francis had discovered protoplasmic filaments …
  • … see letter from Francis Darwin, [28 May 1876] ). He suggested that the filaments might …

To Francis Darwin   16 September [1876]

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Forwards chapter [of Orchids (1877)] for correction.

Sadness at the death of Amy.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  16 Sept [1876]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 10
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10604

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   16 September [1876] …
  • … DAR 211: 10 Charles Robert Darwin Down 16 Sept [1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1876. Post Office directory of the six home …
  • … The extant sheets containing part of chapter 9 have been stamped 26 September 1876 and …
  • … 7 October 1876, so the sheets sent to Francis at this time have not survived. Francis’s …
  • … letter to G.  W.  Norman, 15 September [1876] and n. 3). There is one list but no tables …
  • … to W.  T.  Thiselton-Dyer, 16 September 1876 ); his family may have been moving some of …

To Francis Darwin   [12 October 1876]

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Has seen notice on Empetrum but cannot understand how leaves in bud could act as fly-catchers.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [12 Oct 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 18
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10641

Matches: 3 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   [12 October 1876] …
  • … DAR 211: 18 Charles Robert Darwin Bassett [12 Oct 1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … the crowberry), see the letter from Francis Darwin, [after 8 October 1876] and n. 5. …

To Francis Darwin   [before 22 July 1876]

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Asks FD to write on his behalf and say that he is unwilling to join a deputation [on vivisection] and that he believes in the need to protect physiology as well as lower animals.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [before 22 July 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 202: 40
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10747

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   [before 22 July 1876] …
  • … DAR 202: 40 Charles Robert Darwin unstated [before 22 July 1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … December 1875, submitted a report in January 1876, recommending the conditions under which …
  • … with minutes of evidence and appendix; 1876 (C.1397, C.1397-1) XLI.277, 689. House of …
  • … Society during its first fifty years, 1876–1926 . London: Cambridge University Press. …

To Francis Darwin   [28 September 1876]

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Summary

Sends [unidentified] volume for FD.

Ferdinand Cohn is coming to Down.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [28 Sept 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 211: 14
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10623

Matches: 4 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   [28 September 1876] …
  • … DAR 211: 14 Charles Robert Darwin Down [28 Sept 1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … and a colleague, Ferdinand Römer , visited on 28 September 1876 ( letter from Emma Darwin …
  • … to Leonard Darwin, [29 September 1876] (DAR 239.23: 1.51)). For Cohn’s account of the …

From J. H. Gilbert to Francis Darwin   10 June 1876

Summary

On burnt soils.

Author:  Joseph Henry Gilbert
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  10 June 1876
Classmark:  Rothamsted Research (GIL13)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10535G

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From J.  H.  Gilbert to Francis Darwin   10 June 1876
  • … Research (GIL13) Joseph Henry Gilbert Harpenden, St Albans 10 June 1876 Francis Darwin …
  • … Francis Darwin to J. H. Gilbert, 8 June 1876 . CD was interested in growing plants in soil …
  • … see letter to J. H. Gilbert, 16 February 1876 ). Francis and CD had burnt and washed soil …
  • … letter to Edward Frankland, 6 June [1876] ). The experiments were later abandoned ( LL 3: …
  • … Harpenden, S t . Albans June 10, 1876 My Dear Sir, It is difficult to form a decisive …

To Francis Darwin   [July 1874 – September 1876]

Summary

Has had a nice stay with William, who is charming but rather languid and cannot read to himself.

Love to Amy [Darwin] and Mrs Ruck.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [July 1874–Sept 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 271.4: 1
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9523A

Matches: 2 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   [July 1874 – September 1876] …
  • … DAR 271.4: 1 Charles Robert Darwin [July 1874–Sept 1876] Francis Darwin …

From Hermann Müller to Francis Darwin   16 February 1876

Summary

Sends Fritz Müller’s view that many of the pointed appendages on the tip of the maxilla of Vanessa atalanta are organs of feeling or taste.

Author:  Heinrich Ludwig Hermann (Hermann) Müller
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  16 Feb 1876
Classmark:  DAR 68: 159–60
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10397

Matches: 2 hits

  • … From Hermann Müller to Francis Darwin   16 February 1876
  • … 68: 159–60 Heinrich Ludwig Hermann (Hermann) Müller Lippstadt 16 Feb 1876 Francis Darwin …

To Francis Darwin   [c. December 1876]

Summary

Asks for details of dimorphism in Sethia from Thwaites, Enumeratio plantarum Zeylaniae [1864]. [See Forms of flowers, p. 122.]

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  [c. Dec 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 153: 28
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10762

Matches: 3 hits

  • … To Francis Darwin   [ c. December 1876] …
  • … DAR 153: 28 Charles Robert Darwin unstated [ c. Dec 1876] Francis Darwin …
  • … the letter to Asa Gray, 20 December 1876 . In his taxonomic study, Enumeratio plantarum …

From Samuel Butler to Francis Darwin   25 November 1877

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SB’s book [Life and habit (1878)] will be bound shortly. He will send two copies, one of which can be given to CD. To SB’s surprise it has turned out to be an attack on CD’s views and a defence of Lamarck; describes how he was brought to the opinions expressed in it.

Author:  Samuel Butler
Addressee:  Francis Darwin
Date:  25 Nov 1877
Classmark:  DAR 160: 393
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11254

Matches: 7 hits

  • … 2 vols. London: Macmillan. Origin (1876): The origin of species by means of natural …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1876. Origin : On the origin of species by means …
  • … Butler read it has not been identified. Origin (1876) was a corrected reprint of the sixth …
  • … third edition onwards (pp. xiii–xiv in the 1876 edition). ‘In the earlier editions of this …
  • … Edwin Ray Lankester had published an article in Nature , 13 June 1876, on Ernst Haeckel’s …
  • … theory of perigenesis ( Lankester 1876 ; Haeckel had substituted a wave theory of …
  • … Lankester summarised as follows ( Lankester 1876 , p. 237): [Hering] points out that since …
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Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life

Summary

1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time.  And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth.  All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…

Matches: 30 hits

  • … I cannot bear to think of the future The year 1876 started out sedately enough with …
  • … has won only 2490 games’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876 ). Francis Darwin, happily …
  • … life. But the calm was not to last, and the second half of 1876 was marked by anxiety and deep grief …
  • … in him for ‘new matter’ (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). The preparation of the second edition …
  • … Climbing plants ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 23 February 1876 ). When Smith, Elder and Company …
  • … observed to Carus. ( Letter to J. V. Carus, 24 April 1876. ) Darwin focused instead on the …
  • … ‘advantages of crossing’ (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876). Revising Orchids was less a …
  • … with his new research in mind: ‘During this autumn of 1876 I shall publish on the “Effects of Cross …
  • … pamphlet, Darwin confounded (C. O’Shaughnessy 1876), which, he informed Darwin, ‘completely …
  • … and it is the correct one’ ( letter from Nemo, [1876?] ). Combatting enemies... …
  • … disguised his views as to the bestiality of man’ (Mivart 1876, p. 144). Not only was the comment …
  • … in giving him pain ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 17 June 1876 ). Although Mivart had long been a …
  • … a zoologist ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 29 January 1876 ). Both aims were achieved, and in Darwin’s …
  • … in London’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [4 February 1876] ). 'The heat of battle& …
  • … issue had occupied Darwin for much of 1875. In January 1876, a Royal Commission report was published …
  • … The Physiological Society, which had been founded in March 1876 by the London physiologist John …
  • … The 'insect eating theory' Throughout 1876, Darwin continued to receive responses …
  • … published later that year and a German translation in 1876. ‘What is more to be wondered at—Nature …
  • … an answer’ ( letter from S. B. Herrick, 12 February 1876 ). Others questioned whether insects …
  • … eating theory’ ( letter from Peter Henderson, 15 November 1876 ). William Dallinger from Liverpool …
  • … to his results ( letter from Moritz Schiff, 8 May 1876 ). Pangenesis v. perigenesis …
  • … second edition of Variation was published in February 1876 (despite bearing a publication date …
  • … ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [ c . 19 March 1876] ). A less welcome reaction came from an ardent …
  • … previous year ( letter to G. H. Darwin, [after 4 September 1876] ). ...all sorts of …
  • … later told Muller ( letter to Fritz Müller, [9 February 1876] ). Likewise, when Johann von Fischer …
  • … ( letter from Johann von Fischer, [before 15 September 1876] ). Hubert Airy’s latest paper on leaf …
  • … of very young buds’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 21 June [1876] ). Darwin recognised scientific skill …
  • … Thomas Edward ( letter from F. M. Balfour, 11 December 1876 ; letter to Samuel Smiles, 16 …
  • … it to the death’ ( letter from James Torbitt, 19 April 1876 ). Darwin beat an angry retreat. He …
  • … untrustworthy fanatic ( letter to James Torbitt, 21 April 1876 ). Darwin also had cause to …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 25 hits

  • … in the vegetable kingdom , published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project …
  • … the self-fertilised’ ( To G. H. Darwin, 8 January [1876] ). George explained the difficulties of …
  • … equal value.’ ( From G. H. Darwin, [after 8 January 1876] ). It was his cousin, the statistician …
  • … introduction to the book ( To Francis Galton, 13 January [1876] ). Joseph Henry …
  • … on yet another experimental aspect of his work. In February 1876, he wrote to the agricultural …
  • … in a state of nature’ ( To J. H. Gilbert, 16 February 1876 ). Darwin wanted to try to remove all …
  • … soil to remove nutrients ( From J. H. Gilbert, 4 March 1876 ). In June 1876, Darwin had supposedly …
  • … samples differed ( To Edward Frankland, [before 6 June 1876] ). The project proved to be too …
  • … am convinced that the book is of value’ By August 1876, the book had gone to press and …
  • … shall ever do on this subject’ ( To Asa Gray, 9 August 1876 ). As Darwin began correcting …
  • … I would suggest 1,500’ ( To R. F. Cooke, 16 September 1876 ). In the meantime, a happy event, the …
  • … it too much for you’ ( To Francis Darwin, 16 September [1876] ). Francis must have found some …
  • … slightly modified’ ( To Francis Darwin, 20 September [1876] ). Darwin continued to send work, …
  • … & very useful’ ( To Francis Darwin   25 September [1876] ). At the end of September …
  • … early in November’ ( To J. V. Carus, 27 September 1876 ). The title had now changed from that …
  • … alone worth reading. ( To Otto Zacharias, 5 October [1876] ). Hermann Müller, in contrast, wrote …
  • … Pedecino, and Comes ( From Hermann Müller, 4 October 1876 ). Gray was impatient for a copy …
  • … had not yet been released ( From Asa Gray, 12 October 1876 ). Darwin sent the sheets, apologised …
  • … that of almost anyone else’ ( To Asa Gray, 28 October 1876 ). Gray reassured him, ‘I have as yet …
  • … faultless as your temper’ ( From Asa Gray, 12 November 1876 ). The book was published on 10 …
  • … 6 or 700 would sell.’ ( To John Murray, 15 November 1876 ). In fact, Murray sold 1100 copies of …
  • … for science’ ( From Friedrich Hildebrand, 6 December 1876 ). After reading the book, Hildebrand …
  • … for further work’ ( From Hermann Müller, 6 December 1876 ). Alphonse de Candolle noted the …
  • … experiments ( From Alphonse de Candolle   16 December 1876 ). One critical review came from Alfred …
  • … yet been produced’ ( From A. R. Wallace, 13 December 1876 ). No reply to this letter has been …

Darwin's 1876 letters online

Summary

Birth, tragic death . . . and cardigan jackets. To mark the 211th anniversary of Darwin's birth, we have released online the transcripts and footnotes of over 460 letters written to and from him in 1876 and a supplement of 180 letters written before…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … footnotes of over 460 letters written to and from him in 1876 and a supplement of 180 letters …
  • … was devoted to the means of crossing. The year 1876 started energetically, with Darwin …
  • … of Variation under domestication appeared early in 1876. Reprints of Origin, Climbing plants …
  • … in January 1877; Darwin had been working on it since May 1876. Work was probably a welcome …
  • … letters written or conjectured to have been written before 1876, which have been discovered or …
  • … to a span of years, but that were probably written before 1876. Many of these are from a recently …

From Argus pheasant to Mivart: To A. R. Wallace, 17 June 1876

Summary

This letter has almost everything you might want from a Darwin letter, and merits a correspondingly, magnificently complete set of notes provided by the Correspondence Project. First, the letter is to that other doyen of natural selection, Alfred Russel…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … records Darwin's views on the first volume of Wallace's 1876 book The geographical …

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)

Summary

George Eliot was the pen name of celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880). She was born on the outskirts of Nuneaton in Warwickshire and was educated at boarding schools from the age of five until she was 16. Her education ended when she…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Emma to a Sunday afternoon at the Leweses’ on 30 April 1876 (Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) and …

Have you read the one about....

Summary

... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …

Jane Gray

Summary

Jane Loring Gray, the daughter of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and evidence suggests that she took an active interest in the scientific pursuits of her husband and his friends. Although she is only known to have…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … hurrah, 2795 games. (letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876 ) And an entry in Jane …

4.28 'English celebrities' montage

Summary

< Back to Introduction One of the stranger appropriations of Elliott and Fry’s portrayal of Darwin was to make him one of a group of ‘Authors’, in an album titled English Celebrities, 19th Century (1876). Fiction writers and scientists were grouped…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … English Celebrities, 19 th Century (1876) . Fiction writers and …
  • … of image unknown 
 date of creation 1876 
 computer-readable date 1876-01-01 …
  • … th Century , Part 1 (London: Hughes and Edmonds, 1876), given to the NPG by Mrs Granville …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … 10390 - Herrick, S. M. B. to Darwin, [12 February 1876] Sophia Herrick responds …
  • … Letter 10415 - Darwin to Herrick, S. M. B., [6 March 1876] Darwin responds to a …
  • … Letter 10508 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [15 May 1876] Mary Treat thanks Darwin for …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Letter 10439 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [3 April 1876] Mary Treat describes a field trip …
  • … 10390 - Herrick, S. M. B . to Darwin, [12 February 1876] Sophia Herrick asks …
  • … Letter 10517  - Darwin to Francis, F., [29 May 1876] Darwin gives his son, Francis, …
  • … Letter 10517  - Darwin t o Francis, F., [29 May 1876] Darwin gives his son, Francis …

3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos

Summary

< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … with different titling, in The Garden in January 1876. Rejlander’s photograph was re-interpreted …
  • … also appeared in Neue Illustrierte Zeitung (1 October 1876); L’Univers Illustré (29 April …
  • … Wood engraving in a supplement to The Garden (1 Jan. 1876), serving as frontispiece to an …

3.17 Lock and Whitfield, 'Men of Mark'

Summary

< Back to Introduction The ambitious series of photographs of Men of Mark, published by the firm of Lock and Whitfield between 1876 and 1883, was a successor to similar sets which had appeared in the 1850s and 1860s. This one was distinguished by its…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Mark , published by the firm of Lock and Whitfield between 1876 and 1883, was a successor to …

Dipsacus and Drosera: Frank’s favourite carnivores

Summary

In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching aggregation in the tentacles of Drosera rotundifolia (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured particles within either protoplasm or the fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … in the tentacles of  Drosera rotundifolia  (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured …
  • … and continued collecting wild plants in the spring of 1876. The resulting observations would …
  • … his observations.          On 7 September 1876, Francis welcomed his son Bernard into the …
  • … on the nature and function of aggregation. Francis’ 1876 paper on aggregation sought explicitly to …
  • … protoplasm, rather than condensations of cell-sap (F. Darwin 1876, p. 312). Cohn’s comments on  …
  • … by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. Darwin, F. 1876. The Process of Aggregation in the …

Animals, ethics, and the progress of science

Summary

Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … religious sect’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 4 June [1876] ). Experimenters and a portion of the …

Power of movement in plants

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Family experiments Darwin was an active and engaged father during his children's youth, involving them in his experiments and even occasionally using them as observational subjects. When his children…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 10517 - Darwin to Francis Darwin, 29 May 1876 Darwin writes to Francis to …

Darwin as mentor

Summary

Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 10523 - Darwin to Treat, M., [1 June 1876] Darwin praises Treat’s work and …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 6 hits

  • … THE OLDER ONE GETS THE MORE THERE IS TO DO: 1868-1876 In which the friends consider the …
  • … 20 JULY 1857 45 A GRAY, PREFACE TO DARWINIANA, 1876 46 THE NICENE CREED, …
  • … TO A GRAY, 22 MAY 1860 91 A GRAY, DARWINIANA, 1876 92 A GRAY, REVIEW OF  …
  • … TO JD HOOKER 1870 183 C DARWIN, AUTOBIOGRAPHY 1876 184 A GRAY, PREFACE, …
  • … GRAY, 19 JANUARY 1863 193  TO A GRAY 9 AUGUST 1876 194  FROM A GRAY 25 …
  • … JUNE 1874 203  C DARWIN TO A GRAY 28 JANUARY 1876 204  FROM A GRAY 11 …

People featured in the German and Austrian photograph album

Summary

Biographical details of people from the Habsburg Empire that appeared in the album of German and Austrian scientists sent to Darwin on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Johannes Mattes for providing these details and for permission to make his…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Künste”. He co-founded the Scientific Club in Vienna (1876) and moved from Vienna to Paris in 1889. …
  • … and was sent back to Europe as a military attaché. Since 1876, Gagern served as secretary of the …
  • … Kautschuk- und Leder-Industrie. 2 nd  issue. Wien: Manz 1876. N.N.: GM Josef Edler von …
  • … society  Carnuntum  (1884) and the Scientific Club (1876) in Vienna. Doblhoff-Dier J. v.: …

Darwin in public and private

Summary

Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … 10546 – Darwin to Editor of The Times , [23 June 1876] Darwin forwards to The …

Essays & reviews by Asa Gray

Summary

Asa Gray wrote a series of reviews of Darwin’s works for American magazines such as Atlantic Monthly and The Nation. These gave publicity to Darwin’s theories, and they also contained extended reflections on the possible implications of these theories…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … collection of Gray’s reviews was published in book form in 1876 under the title Darwiniana . This …
  • … to obtain. Seven of these reviews, written between 1860 and 1876, which bear especially on the topic …
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