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Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots
Summary
Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…
Matches: 17 hits
- … Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas by the German science writer Ernst Krause. Darwin’s preoccupation with …
- … Darwin as ‘the deep thinker’, while friends such as Ernst Haeckel, who had rebutted the physician …
- … now widely accepted in Germany. ‘On this festive day’, Haeckel told Darwin, ‘you can look back, with …
- … life’s work, which is crowned with glory’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 9 February 1879 ). The …
- … February 1879 ). Carus Sterne was the pseudonym of Ernst Krause, editor of the journal …
- … theory of development in connection with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. Kosmos was, as …
- … shamefully ignorant of my grandfathers life’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 March 1879 ). …
- … might end up ‘interfering with each other’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 27 March 1879 ). Darwin’s aim …
- … an introduction ‘almost indispensable’ ( letter from Ernst Krause, 7 June 1879 ). Darwin welcomed …
- … into ridicule. He hates scientific men’ ( letter to Ernst Krause, 14 May 1879 ). From the …
- … the views of the other botanists. He was glad to know that Ernst Stahl and Albert Bernhard Frank did …
- … meet the local celebrity, John Ruskin. Marshall wrote on 7 September that Ruskin, the day after …
- … dogma’, Mary Jung, a young Austrian woman, wrote on 7 January . ‘When my reason agrees with your …
- … be an atheist, Darwin told the clergyman John Fordyce on 7 May , ‘It seems to me absurd to doubt …
- … 6 March [1879] ). When Darwin’s staunch German defender Ernst Haeckel was in England, he was …
- … to Darwin about ‘Darwinism in Germany’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 30 August 1879 ). However, the …
- … work in such an outstanding way’, Würtenberger wrote on 7 February , after receiving £100 from …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
Matches: 10 hits
- … to J. D. Hooker, 14 December [1878] ). Writing to Ernst Haeckel on his sixty-ninth birthday …
- … in the shape of an arch ( Movement in plants , pp. 96–7). As usual, staff at the Royal Botanical …
- … my work, I scribble to you ( letter to Francis Darwin, 7 [July 1878] ). Two weeks later he wrote: …
- … Francis reported ( letter from Francis Darwin, [after 7 July 1878] ): ‘The oats have only just …
- … the bedded out one’ ( letter from Francis Darwin, [after 7 July 1878] ). Sachs’s confidence was …
- … are here & all adoring Bernard’, he wrote to Francis on 7 July . ‘Bernard is very sweet & …
- … to refuse,’ he wrote to William Spottiswoode on 7 July . Pinker later made a statue of Darwin for …
- … in September 1877, Darwin’s outspoken supporter Ernst Haeckel championed the teaching of evolution …
- … generations’ ( enclosure to letter to T. H. Farrer, 7 March 1878 ). In the end, the attempt to …
- … from a person unknown to him. The benefactor wrote on 7 December : ‘I consider that you, more …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 9 hits
- … his poor health so frequently in correspondence that Ernst Haeckel inferred that he was well from …
- … sexual criminality of Pagan days’ ([Mivart] 1874b, p. 70). 'scurrilous libel' …
- … Correspondence vol. 22, Appendix V and Dawson 2007, pp. 77–81). Darwin first considered taking …
- … & it had been refused’ ( letter from G. H. Darwin, [6 or 7 August 1874] ). When the letter was …
- … ), preferring to attack Mivart in print, as in his review of Ernst Haeckel’s Anthropogenie in …
- … from the moment of being hatched ( letter to Nature , 7 and 11 May [1874] ; Spalding 1872a). …
- … from his sons George and Francis ( letter to Anton Dohrn, 7 March 1874 ). Dohrn replied …
- … of Darwin’s work. His controversial German admirer, Ernst Haeckel, sent the fifth edition of his …
- … educated persons here in Germany’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 20 December 1874 ). …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 20 hits
- … (1) Asher, G. M. (7) Ashley, Miss (1 …
- … (4) Aubertin, J. J. (7) Aussant-Carà, Paul …
- … (1) Aveling, E. B. (7) Axon, W. E. A. …
- … (16) Balfour, J. H. (7) Ball, John …
- … (36) Baxter, William (7) Baynes, H. M. …
- … (1) Blair, R. A. (7) Blair, R. H. (4 …
- … (3) Boott, Francis (7) Boott, Mary …
- … (1) Chambers, Robert (7) Chance, Frank …
- … (3) Clarke, R. T. (7) Clarke, T. W. …
- … (6) Darwin, V. H. (7) Darwin, Violetta …
- … James (1) Dieffenbach, Ernst (13) …
- … (1) Dowie, Annie (7) Down Friendly Society …
- … Ercolani, G. B. (2) Ernst, Adolf (9) …
- … (2) Farr, William (7) Farrar, F. W. …
- … (28) Fitzgerald, R. D. (7) Fitzmaurice, Edmond …
- … (2) Forel, Auguste (7) Forster, L. M. …
- … (3) Gordon, George (b) (7) Goschen, G. J. …
- … S. M. (2) Hesse-Wartegg, Ernst von (3) …
- … Kraus, Carl (b) (3) Krause, Ernst (94) …
- … Pfeiffer, E. J. (2) Pfitzer, Ernst (1) …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 6 hits
- … take the form of a ‘short essay’ on man ( letter to Ernst Haeckel, 3 July 1868 ). But this work …
- … Darwin was clearly impressed by Lewes’s reviews. On 7 August 1868 , he wrote him a lengthy letter …
- … undergoing vaccination ( letter from W. E. Darwin, [7 April 1868] ). Francis was also drafted into …
- … desire to penetrate Truth’ ( letter from Ernest Faivre, 7 April 1868 ). Armand de Quatrefages, who …
- … different order of pride was expressed on 9 November by Ernst Haeckel on the birth of his son …
- … Lepus Darwinii in honour of his hero ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 22 June 1868 ). Darwin …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 7 hits
- … among them Robert Caspary, John Traherne Moggridge, and Ernst Haeckel, and also a meeting with …
- … so well most days since being in London, like what I was 7 or 8 years ago— one day I paid 3 calls! …
- … prevailed over considerations of health in this case. Ernst Haeckel Nor could Darwin …
- … eulogium which it has ever received’ ( letter to Ernst Haeckel, 18 August [1866] ). Darwin clearly …
- … ordinaryly diœcious’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin, [7 May – 11 June 1866] ). On examining more …
- … a different light from you’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 7 August 1866 ). The two exchanged letters …
- … letter from E. C. Langton to Emma and Charles Darwin, [6 and 7? January 1866] ), and Darwin later …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 7 hits
- … they make the house jolly’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] ). Darwin was ready to …
- … folly & nonsense to try anyone’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] ). He particularly …
- … to his publisher, John Murray, ‘Of present book I have 7 chapters ready for press & all others …
- … bear the expense of the woodcuts ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] ). After sending the …
- … November 1864 ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to Ernst Haeckel, 21 November [1864] ). Since …
- … and Darwin summarised them in Variation 2: 106–7, concluding, ‘it follows from Mr. Scott’s …
- … of real improvement in health’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] ). All the children …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest
Summary
The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…
Matches: 4 hits
- … allotted space each morning ( letter from Arthur Nicols, 7 March 1871 ; letter from B. J. …
- … ( letter from George Henslow, 5 December 1871 ). Ernst Haeckel boasted of his month spent at a …
- … one and the same catarrhine monkey !’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 21 December 1871 ). …
- … similar query with the artist Thomas Woolner, inquiring on 7 April whether ‘young and …
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 7 hits
- … about his life ( Correspondence vol. 23, letter from Ernst von Hesse-Wartegg, 20 September 1875 …
- … from an ardent supporter of Darwin, the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel. Opposing Darwin’s views for …
- … passed on to newly formed plastidules. Darwin thought Haeckel’s essay ‘clever & striking’, but …
- … pangenesis into a ‘substantial theory’, Darwin forwarded Haeckel’s essay to him on 29 May. If …
- … the more shocking because associated with a happy event. On 7 September, Charles and Emma became …
- … were able to host lunches for eminent German visitors, first Haeckel on the 26 September, and then …
- … harmony with yours’ ( letter from George Henslow, [ c. 7 December 1876] ). A more typical …
Darwin in letters, 1867: A civilised dispute
Summary
Charles Darwin’s major achievement in 1867 was the completion of his large work, The variation of animals and plants under domestication (Variation). The importance of Darwin’s network of correspondents becomes vividly apparent in his work on expression in…
Matches: 6 hits
- … supporters to write to his most vociferous German champion, Ernst Haeckel, to encourage him to tone …
- … for less favoured males (see Origin , pp. 156–7). In Variation , Darwin had discussed changes …
- … three botanists put together’ ( letter to Fritz Müller, 7 February [1867] ). Müller had written …
- … down on both of us’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, [before 7 January 1867] ). In February, Hooker …
- … one of his most devoted supporters, the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel, to moderate his public …
- … of the truth of his own conclusions’ ( letter to Ernst Haeckel, 12 April [1867] ). All …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 4 hits
- … add new researches on this subject. ( To J. V. Carus 7 February 1875 ). In fact, Darwin had …
- … in a broader context. He told his long-time supporter Ernst Haeckel, ‘It is really wonderful what an …
- … seems almost to require changes in the conditions’ ( To Ernst Haeckel, 13 November 1875 ). He …
- … first grandchild, a son born to Amy and Francis Darwin on 7 September, suddenly turned to tragedy …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 8 hits
- … ‘Without cutting him direct’, he advised Darwin on 7 January , ‘I should avoid him, & if he …
- … can make several parts clearer,’ Darwin reiterated on 7 November , ‘I believe (though I hope I am …
- … ancestry. ‘You know better than anybody’, he wrote on 7 January , ‘how infinitely great is the …
- … the Duke of Wellington on art (Max Müller 1875, pp. 305–7). The debate between Max Müller and …
- … and supporters included long-term correspondents such as Ernst Haeckel, Fritz and Hermann Müller, …
- … is yet another laurel in the wreath of your fame ’, Haeckel wrote on 6 June , ‘to have a …
- … Huxley at South Kensington, with visiting positions under Haeckel at Jena and Dohrn at Naples. …
- … Down with Thiselton-Dyer ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 7 July 1875 ). It was Thiselton-Dyer …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 6 hits
- … Darwin had consulted in 1863. In a letter of 26[–7] March [1864] , Darwin exclaimed to his close …
- … by a former governess at Down House, Camilla Ludwig. From Ernst Haeckel, Darwin learned of the …
- … called me her German “Darwin–Mann” ’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 10 August 1864 ). Haeckel sent …
- … eastern and mid-western states. In his letter to Darwin of 7 November 1864, Walsh denounced Agassiz …
- … of Herbert Spencer’s Principles of biology (1864–7). Also unsure about Spencer’s work, Hooker …
- … particularly when Hugh Falconer suggested in his letter of 7 November [1864] that half the …
Interview with John Hedley Brooke
Summary
John Hedley Brooke is President of the Science and Religion Forum as well as the author of the influential Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives (Cambridge University Press, 1991). He has had a long career in the history of science and…
Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers
Summary
In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…
Matches: 8 hits
- … was interrupted by Samuel Butler’s renewed claim that Ernst Krause had used Butler’s book …
- … 31 January [1881] and 19 February [1881] ). On 7 March , Darwin sent his discussion of the …
- … its own individual experience ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 7 March 1881 ). The difficulty with …
- … scientific belief. However, he objected when biologists like Ernst Haeckel converted the Darwinian …
- … judge this seems true’, Darwin reported to Romanes on 7 August . Family joys An …
- … 1881 ). The publication date was 10 October, but by 7 October Darwin learned that 1200 copies …
- … had been lost in a flood; the same amount was offered to Haeckel if he was unable to get other funds …
- … in 1881, the year ended with the happy news of a birth. On 7 December, Charles and Emma Darwin’s …
Portraits of Charles Darwin: a catalogue
Summary
Compiled by Diana Donald The format of the catalogue Nineteenth-century portraits of Darwin are found in a very wide range of visual media. For the purposes of this catalogue, they have been divided into four broad categories, according to medium.…
Matches: 4 hits
- … by Karl Bauer in 1909, decorated the entrance hall of Ernst Haeckel’s museum in Jena. 4 It is …
- … no peers’. He was supposedly ‘without companions’. 7 Indeed, we can never see Darwin as he …
- … ‘Germany’, a report in the Times (29 April 1882), p. 7, mentions a ‘wax figure of the late Mr. …
- … Olaf Breidbach, Visions of Nature: The Art and Science of Ernst Haeckel (Munich, Berlin, London, …
2.6 Adolf von Hildebrand bust
Summary
< Back to Introduction In 1873, the German biologist Anton Dohrn commissioned a plaster bust of Darwin for the ‘fresco room’ of his new research centre, the Stazione Zoologica in Naples. It was a fitting memorial of a long association between the two…
Matches: 3 hits
Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions
Summary
Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...
Matches: 1 hits
- … Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, …
Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
