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Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles
Summary
Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…
Matches: 24 hits
- … Species theory In November 1845, Charles Darwin wrote to his friend and confidant Joseph …
- … and Fossil Cirripedia (1851, 1854). What led Darwin to engage in this work when he was …
- … group. Light is shed on the close relationship between Darwin’s systematic descriptive work and the …
- … often frustrating taxonomical maze. Throughout these years, Darwin was also struggling with a …
- … explained in detail in letters to friends and relatives, Darwin felt sufficiently restored in health …
- … Nevertheless, it is evident from his correspondence that Darwin’s two hours at the microscope did …
- … Phillips, and Daniel Sharpe, demonstrating the extent of Darwin’s continued involvement in …
- … and naturalists, most notably James Dwight Dana, Henry Darwin Rogers, and Bernhard Studer, and the …
- … In the midst of all this activity, Hooker responds to Darwin’s particular queries and sends …
- … British government in scientific research during the period. Darwin also contributed to these …
- … scientific work of naval officers and travellers in general. Darwin was asked by the editor, Sir …
- … on geology ( letter to J. F. W. Herschel, 4 February [1848] ). Letters between Darwin and Richard …
- … zoology between them. Owen included in his chapter notes by Darwin on the use of microscopes on …
- … the leading questions and wide views spelt out by Darwin in the Admiralty Manual are also those …
- … Inverness, in which he maintained that the terraces, which Darwin believed to be of marine origin, …
- … of Glen Roy had produced a lake and the consequent beaches. Darwin carefully re-examined his own …
- … editor of the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal , Darwin asked for it to be destroyed. Only the …
- … a notion which was roundly criticised by William Hopkins in 1848. Hopkins maintained that transport …
- … ‘desideratum’ ( letter to J. L. R. Agassiz, 22 October 1848 ), was accepted by Darwin, and he …
- … the group, turned over some notes he had made, and, early in 1848, obtained permission for Darwin to …
- … & Species theory al Diabolo together During 1848, Darwin examined the genera Ibla …
- … is all gospel.—’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1848 ). Once Darwin had decided to …
- … this period, especially in 1847 and during the last half of 1848 and the beginning of 1849. When his …
- … by the substantial sum that had been placed in trust for Emma Darwin when she married. The accounts …
Darwin and the Church
Summary
The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…
Matches: 21 hits
- … The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It …
- … unique window into this complicated relationship throughout Darwin’s life, as it reveals his …
- … belief (and doubt) than many non-conformist denominations. Darwin’s parents attended a Unitarian …
- … the necessary studies to be a clergyman. During Darwin’s lifetime, the vast majority of the …
- … income was essential to enjoy a gentlemanly lifestyle. For Darwin, who could rely on the financial …
- … compatible with the pursuit of scientific interests. Indeed, Darwin’s Cambridge mentor, John Stevens …
- … (Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (1887): 321). Darwin started on his journey around the world …
- … it even through a grove of Palms.—’ (letter to Caroline Darwin, 25–6 April [1832] ). Darwin’s …
- … Museum or some other learned place’ (letter from E. A. Darwin, 18 August [1832] ). Writing to Fox …
- … about—’ (letter to W. D. Fox, [9–12 August] 1835 ). Darwin’s doubts about orthodox belief, and …
- … the late 1830s, and in correspondence with his fiancée, Emma Wedgwood, in 1838 and 1839, as can be …
- … within six years of his return from the Beagle voyage, Darwin moved to Down House, in the …
- … of England. The whole family took the sacrament, although Emma used to make the children turn around …
- … where their children Mary and Charles were buried; later Darwin’s brother Erasmus, Emma’s sister …
- … church involvement can be attributed to the influence of Emma, whose religious scruples are …
- … suggesting a remedy for toothache (letter to J. B. Innes, [1848] ). Darwin then wrote to discuss …
- … Clothing Fund (a local charity), which he administered from 1848 to 1869 (letter to J. B. Innes, …
- … Ffinden strongly disapproved of the Darwins. In his eyes, Emma’s Unitarian leanings and Darwin’s …
- … schools in this period, the Down school was Anglican. Emma wished it to be used as a reading room …
- … even altered the habits of the household in order to allow Emma and the children to attend his …
- … increase his desire to actually attend Sunday services with Emma and the children. Darwin’s life in …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 24 hits
- … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished …
- … used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
- … *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
- … book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
- … a few instances, primarily in the ‘Books Read’ sections, Darwin recorded that a work had been …
- … of the books listed in the other two notebooks. Sometimes Darwin recorded that an abstract of the …
- … own. Soon after beginning his first reading notebook, Darwin began to separate the scientific …
- … the second reading notebook. Readers primarily interested in Darwin’s scientific reading, therefore, …
- … editors’ identification of the book or article to which Darwin refers. A full list of these works is …
- … page number (or numbers, as the case may be) on which Darwin’s entry is to be found. The …
- … 1842]. Life of D. of Marlborough [A. Alison 1848]— (read) Montagus Translat of Visa …
- … 1834] (& of Europe?) [Gould 1832–7] & of Australia [Gould 1848]; well worth studying for …
- … [Dandolo 1825] /good/ M rs Whitby [Whitby 1848] In Library of Entomological Society & …
- … [E. Phipps 1850] L d . Harveys Memoirs [Hervey 1848] Cuming Lion Hunter [Cumming …
- … 1818] (Brougham) Ermans Travels in Siberia [Erman 1848] (Boot) 44 (read) Bethunes …
- … [Godwin 1835] Brookes last Journal by Mundy [Mundy 1848] Goldsmiths life by Forster …
- … Charing Cross—sells Johnstons Maps [A. K. Johnston 1848] separately—Forbes is going to publish one. …
- … Public Library. 3 ‘Books … Read’ is in Emma Darwin’s hand. 4 “”Traité …
- … 6 The text from page [1v.] to page [6] is in Emma Darwin’s hand and was copied from Notebook C, …
- … to old Aristotle.’ ( LL 3: 252). 10 Emma Darwin wrote ‘7 th ’ instead of “3 d “ …
- … 12 A mistranscription for ‘Entozoa’ by Emma Darwin. See Notebook C, p. 266 ( Notebooks ). …
- … wrote ‘Transact’ to replace ‘Journal’ written in Emma Darwin’s hand. 16 Emma Darwin …
- … The text from page [1a] to half way down page [5a] is in Emma Darwin’s hand and is a copy of CD’s …
- … in ink by CD. 73 This entry was written by Emma Darwin. 74 “8 … …
Darwin's health
Summary
On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…
Matches: 17 hits
- … March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker …
- … Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to …
- … See the letter At various periods in his life Darwin suffered from gastrointestinal …
- … fatigue, trembling, faintness, and dizziness. In 1849, Darwin’s symptoms became so severe that he …
- … for three months while he took Dr Gully’s water cure. In Darwin’s letter to Hooker, he described Dr …
- … See the letter After returning from Malvern, Darwin continued his hydropathic …
- … Edward Wickstead Lane, and at Ilkley with Dr Edmund Smith, Darwin sought advice from his consulting …
- … of a fashionable spinal ice treatment. In April 1864, Darwin attributed his improved health to Dr …
- … to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ) Why was Darwin’s so ill? Historians and others have …
- … that there were psychological or psychosomatic dimensions to Darwin’s most severe periods of crisis. …
- … almost daily (see Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [6 May 1864] …
- … entries and correspondence during periods of sickness in 1848, 1852, and 1859 (see Colp 1977, pp. 38 …
- … sensations’ has been found. On Darwin’s reliance on Emma Darwin’s companionship and care see, for …
- … Hooker, 1 June [1865] and 27 [or 28 September 1865] . Emma or another member of the household …
- … alive’. See also Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 17 March …
- … October 1863 (see Correspondence vol. 11, letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, 8 December …
- … of chalk, magnesia, and other antacids in March 1864 (see Emma Darwin’s diary, DAR 242, and n. 8, …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 15 hits
- … activities for building and maintaining such connections. Darwin's networks extended from his …
- … when strong institutional structures were largely absent. Darwin had a small circle of scientific …
- … section contains two sets of letters. The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. …
- … about Hooker’s thoughts. Letter 729 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., [11 Jan 1844] …
- … is like confessing a murder”. Letter 736 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 23 Feb [1844 …
- … of wide-ranging species to wide-ranging genera. Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 …
- … sends a list of plants from Gray’s Manual of botany [1848] and asks him to append the ranges of …
- … of alpine flora in the USA. Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 20 July [1857] …
- … have in simple truth been of the utmost value to me.” Darwin believes species have arisen, like …
- … or continuous area; they are actual lineal descendants. Darwin discusses fertilisation in the bud …
- … exchange This collection of letters between Darwin and Hooker, while Darwin was writing his …
- … Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct [1848] Darwin catches up on personal …
- … Letter 1189 — Darwin, C. R. to Henslow, J. S., 2 July [1848] Darwin criticises the lecturing …
- … J. D. Hooker to take Scott on at Kew. Darwin notes that Emma begs him not to employ him at Down. He …
- … Letter 1176 — Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, Emma, [20–1 May 1848] Darwin writes to his wife Emma. …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 25 hits
- … Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig …
- … as the creator of this dramatisation, and that of the Darwin Correspondence Project to be identified …
- … correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Jane Loring …
- … Actor 1 – Asa Gray Actor 2 – Charles Darwin Actor 3 – In the dress of a modern day …
- … Louis Agassiz, Adam Sedgwick, A Friend of John Stuart Mill, Emma Darwin, Horace Darwin… and acts as …
- … the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and between the audience and …
- … this, he sends out copies of his Review of the Life of Darwin. At this time in his life, Asa …
- … friends in England, copies of his ‘Review of the Life of Darwin’… pencilling the address so that it …
- … Joseph D Hooker GRAY: 3 Charles Darwin… made his home on the border of the little …
- … are kept in check by a constitutional weakness. DARWIN: A plain but comfortable brick …
- … by every blessing except that of vigorous health… DARWIN: 4 My confounded stomach …
- … pursuits and the simplicity of his character. DARWIN: 5 I am allowed to work now …
- … own house, where he was the most charming of hosts. DARWIN: 6 My life goes on …
- … being a part of [an unpublished] manuscript. Darwin settles down to write. His tone is …
- … THE CONCURRENCE OF BOTANISTS: 1855 In which Darwin initiates a long-running correspondence …
- … gossip about difficult colleagues (Agassiz). Gray realizes Darwin is not revealing all of his …
- … man, more formally attired and lighter on his feet than Darwin. He has many more demands on his time …
- … catches his attention. He opens the letter. DARWIN: 8 April 25 th 1855. My …
- … filled up the paper you sent me as well as I could. DARWIN: 10 My dear Dr Gray. I …
- … is condensed in that little sheet of note-paper! DARWIN: 11 My dear Hooker… What …
- … surprising good. GRAY: 12 My dear Mr Darwin, I rejoice in furnishing facts to …
- … of the sort to the advancement of science… DARWIN: 13 I hope… before [the] end of …
- … Thank God he will never suffer more in this world. Poor Emma behaved nobly and how she stood it all …
- … DARWIN: My wife’s remark on reading this, was EMMA: Why, you know nothing about Logic. …
- … XVII, 1882 4 C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER 10 MAY 1848 5 C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 22 hits
- … Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children,[1] began the …
- … is available below . As with much of his other work, Darwin gathered additional information on the …
- … lunatics, the blind, and animals. And as early as 1839 Darwin had begun to collect information on …
- … the expression of emotions. As the following transcript of Darwin’s notes reveals, he closely …
- … William Erasmus, the stages of his development suggesting to Darwin those expressions which are …
- … The tone of the manuscript reflects an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during …
- … “What does that prove”.’[6] For in these notes, Darwin’s deep scientific curiosity transcends his …
- … that on occasion he refers to William as ‘it’. Darwin possessed the ability to dissociate …
- … memories.[8] Yet, though the dissociation was essential for Darwin’s scientific goal, the notes here …
- … period but in far less detail. By September 1844, Henrietta Emma was one year old, and there are a …
- … the record breaks off until January 1852, by which time the Darwin family had increased by five: …
- … of logical thought and language. On 20 May 1854, Darwin again took over the notebook and, …
- … certainly during first fortnight at sudden sounds. & at Emma’s moving 3 [11] When …
- … & inwards as in sleep.[14] Six weeks old & 3 days, Emma saw him smile—not only with …
- … his eyes becoming fixed & the movements of his arms ceasing. Emma argues that his smiles were …
- … made in the little noises he was uttering that he recognized Emma by sight when she came close to …
- … been caused by the novelty of the situation producing fear. Emma thinks that when he was vaccinated …
- … whole expression appearing pleased.— Recognizes Emma Anne & myself perfectly— does not find …
- … Lady” were repeated.— 26 th . Cried, when Emma left off playing the pianoforte.— Did this …
- … Anny says Papa pretty clearly—[40] A few days ago Emma gave her doll, but she sensibly shuddered, …
- … to play with in farther part of room, she immediately led Emma by the hand towards the tea-chest. I …
- … Darwin, born 1850. [62] Francis Darwin, born 1848. [63] Sarah was presumably a servant …
Julia Wedgwood
Summary
Charles Darwin’s readership largely consisted of other well-educated Victorian men, nonetheless, some women did read, review, and respond to Darwin’s work. One of these women was Darwin’s own niece, Julia Wedgwood, known in the family as “Snow”. In July…
Matches: 15 hits
- … Though Charles Darwin’s readership largely consisted of other well-educated Victorian men, a …
- … niece, Julia Wedgwood. She was the eldest child of Emma Darwin’s brother, Hensleigh Wedgwood, …
- … the first intakes at both Queen’s and Bedford Colleges in 1848 and 1849. Her teachers included James …
- … novel. Her first important periodical contributions were on Darwin, Lyell, the debate on the origins …
- … management and free her to devote her time to her work. Emma Darwin was irritated by Wedgwood family …
- … of her teachers and the proximity of her uncle Charles Darwin, she ought, she said, “to have been …
- … about On the Origin of Species . Wedgwood welcomed Darwin’s discoveries and sought to understand …
- … churchmen were eventually reconciled with Darwinism. Darwin wrote to his niece: “I must tell you how …
- … that I find a very rare event with my critics”. ( Charles Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, 11 July [1861] …
- … Wallace.) In it Wedgwood largely avoided the debate on Darwin’s explanation of the natural …
- … in animal and human behaviour, particularly in courtship. Darwin’s emphasis on man’s discovery of …
- … in Pauline doctrine. In her conclusion she reclaimed Darwin as a Theist. When Fanny Wedgwood …
- … of sexual selection] with approbation.” ( Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?] …
- … objections produced a sanitised version toning down Darwin’s objections to Christianity. Both the …
- … caused great offence to the Darwin sons but was accepted by Emma Darwin, with whom Wedgwood remained …
Jane Gray
Summary
Jane Loring Gray, the daughter of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and evidence suggests that she took an active interest in the scientific pursuits of her husband and his friends. Although she is only known to have…
Matches: 9 hits
- … of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and evidence suggests that she …
- … she is only known to have corresponded directly with Darwin once, sending him observations about the …
- … through her husband, and is one of few women cited in Darwin’s Expression of Emotions. …
- … Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) Darwin thanked ‘Professor and Mrs. Asa Gray’ …
- … the Darwins). Jane had taken away with her a copy of Darwin’s ‘Expression’ questionnaire, and was …
- … makes the different expressions in faces— Darwin’s interest in expression had taken …
- … Asa Gray and J. L. Gray, 8 and 9 May 1869 ) Darwin cited Gray’s observations on “grief …
- … North Africa in 1868 to 1869, the Grays visited Charles and Emma Darwin twice, spending several days …
- … the Grays when they toured the United States in 1871, and Emma Darwin wrote to Jane thanking her for …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 25 hits
- … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July …
- … … of having grown older’. This portrait, the first of Darwin with his now famous beard, had been …
- … 52 hours without vomiting!! In the same month, Darwin began to consult William Jenner, …
- … prescribed a variety of antacids and purgatives, and limited Darwin’s fluid intake; this treatment …
- … the dimorphic aquatic cut-grass Leersia . In May, Darwin finished his paper on Lythrum …
- … he had set aside the previous summer. In October, Darwin let his friends know that on his …
- … to the surgeon and naturalist Francis Trevelyan Buckland, Darwin described his symptoms in some …
- … November and December were also marked by the award to Darwin of the Royal Society’s Copley Medal; …
- … been unsuccessfully nominated the two previous years. As Darwin explained to his cousin William …
- … it was conferred, brought a dramatic conclusion to the year. Darwin also wrote to Fox that he was …
- … progress’ in Britain. Challenging convention Darwin’s concern about the acceptance of …
- … vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] , Darwin wrote to Hooker: ‘The only approach to work …
- … produce tendrils However, the queries that Darwin, describing himself as ‘a broken-down …
- … tendrils’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [8 February 1864] ). Darwin’s excitement about his …
- … ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 2 June [1864] ). When Darwin asked Oliver whether the tendrils of …
- … for his teacherly tone, explaining that he had felt that Darwin had misunderstood some accepted …
- … ( letter from Daniel Oliver, [17 March 1864] ). Though Darwin replied with his typical humility …
- … habits of climbing plants’ (‘Climbing plants’), which Darwin submitted to the Linnean Society in …
- … was often the case, he was interested in transitional forms. Darwin came to think, for example, that …
- … and tendril-bearers. At the end of his paper, Darwin used species from the genus Lathyrus …
- … the tendrils then revert to leaves, as in L. nissolia . Darwin wrote (‘Climbing plants’, p. 115): …
- … nothing had interested him so much since his discovery in 1848 of what he called ‘Complemental males …
- … household news, were sometimes written by Darwin’s wife, Emma, or by Henrietta. Darwin’s own replies …
- … case of Dimorphism’ in Menyanthes ( letter from Emma and Charles Darwin to W. E. Darwin, [20 …
- … he saw few people outside the family and, according to Emma Darwin’s diary and his own ‘Journal’, …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 23 hits
- … The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now …
- … and also a meeting with Herbert Spencer, who was visiting Darwin’s neighbour, Sir John Lubbock. In …
- … all but the concluding chapter of the work was submitted by Darwin to his publisher in December. …
- … hypothesis of hereditary transmission. Debate about Darwin’s theory of transmutation …
- … alleged evidence of a global ice age, while Asa Gray pressed Darwin’s American publisher for a …
- … for the Advancement of Science. Fuller consideration of Darwin’s work was given by Hooker in an …
- … frustrations were punctuated by family bereavement. Two of Darwin’s sisters died, Emily Catherine …
- … from painful illness. Diet and exercise Among Darwin’s first letters in the new year …
- … every day’ ( letter to H. B. Jones, 3 January [1866] ). Darwin had first consulted Jones in July …
- … ( letter from H. B. Jones, 10 February [1866] ). Darwin began riding the cob, Tommy, on 4 …
- … day which I enjoy much.’ The new exercise regime led to Darwin’s being teased by his neighbour, John …
- … John Lubbock, 4 August 1866 ). More predictably, however, Darwin immediately converted his renewed …
- … Since the publication of Origin in November 1859, Darwin had continued gathering and organising …
- … by natural selection was based. The work relied heavily on Darwin’s extensive correspondence over …
- … and poultry expert William Bernhard Tegetmeier. In January, Darwin wrote to Tegetmeier that he was …
- … ( letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 16 January [1866] ). Darwin found the evidence of variation in …
- … varieties from Columbia livia , the rock pigeon. Darwin on heredity: the 'provisional …
- … chapter headed ‘Provisional hypothesis of pangenesis’, Darwin proposed that the various phenomena of …
- … A London holiday In April Darwin went with his wife, Emma, and daughter Henrietta, to London, …
- … him owing to the beard he had grown over the past few years. Emma described the Royal Society event …
- … isn’t it?’), as well as the role that she and Emma continued to play in safeguarding Darwin’s health …
- … family house in Shrewsbury after their father’s death in 1848 until Catherine married in 1863. …
- … poor Susan’s loneliness’ ( letter from E. C. Langton to Emma and Charles Darwin, [6 and 7? January …
