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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Félix Hément1   24 December 1881

Nanterre (Seine) | près Paris

Monsieur & illustre maître

Permettez-moi de vous adresser quelques notes qui ne seront peut-être pas sans intérêt pour vous.

Veuillez agréer, Monsieur & illustre maître, l’expression de mes sentiments respectueux, | Félix Hément

24 Xbre. 1881

[Enclosure]

M. E.-A. Axon a adressé, de Manchester, à l’Académie des Sciences l’indication de quelques faits, à l’appui des observations présentées par M. Hément, sur l’accent des sourds-muets qui ont appris à articuler.2

“Dans le Philosophical Transactions (No 312.) se trouve un article sur un jeune Ecossais montagnard, sourd-muet de sa naissance.3 A l’âge de dix-sept ans et à la suite de deux attaques de fièvre, il recouvra l’ouïe. Les domestiques eurent beaucoup de peine à le comprendre dans les premiers efforts qu’il fit pour parler; ils y parvinrent parfaitement par la suite. Il avait l’accent des jeunes montagnards de son âge, avant qu’ils ne commencent à apprendre la langue anglais. Ce qui est encore plus remarquable, c’est qu’il ne parle que l’anglais, la parole lui étant venue dans la partie basse de l’Ecosse, où l’erse ou gaelique (le langage de ses parents) n’est pas parlé. C’est un fait frappant à l’appui de la théorie de l’hérédité.

M. George Tickner, l’historien savant de la littérature espagnole, a visité l’école des sourds-muets à Madrid. Aucun des écoliers n’avait jamais entendu un son humain; toute leur connaissance de la langue parlée était le résultat d’imitations de leurs professeurs. Bien que tous les instituteurs furrent Castillans, les élèves parlaient avec clarté et décisions, suivant la manière et avec l’accent de leurs provinces respectives. M. Tickner pouvait distinguer facilement les Catalans, les Basques et les Castillons, et quelques-uns des visiteurs ont été à même de reconnaître les accents de Malaga et de l’Andalousie.4

M. Joseph Alley,5 de Manchester, habile précepteur d’Articulation, m’a fait connaître au cas pareil. E. R. devient sourd-muet dans sa première enfance et ne parle qu’à sa dix-septième année. M. Alley lui a appris à articuler, et bien que toute sa vie se soit passée dans le comté de Lancashire, E. R. parle avec l’accent du comté de Stafford où il est né.

Ces faits, ajoute M. Axon, sont tous constatés dans un article que j’ai écrit sur l’enseignement des sourds-muets et qui a paru dans The Companion of the Almanac pour l’année 1880.”

CD annotations

Verso of second sheet of enclosure: ‘Hément’ pencil

Footnotes

For a translation of this letter, see Appendix I.
The discussion that took place at the Académie des sciences on 7 November 1881 was briefly reported in Nature, 17 November 1881, p. 72. William Edward Armytage Axon later sent a letter to Nature, 1 December 1881, p. 101, containing the same information as this letter.
The article appeared in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London in 1707 (Martin 1707).

Bibliography

Correspondence: The correspondence of Charles Darwin. Edited by Frederick Burkhardt et al. 29 vols to date. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1985–.

Martin, Martin. 1707. A relation of a deaf and dumb person, who recover’d his speech and hearing after a violent fever: with some other medicinal and chirurgical observations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 25 (1706–7): 1469–70.

Translation

From Félix Hément1   24 December 1881

Nanterre (Seine) | near Paris

Sir & illustrious master

Allow me to send you some notes that perhaps will not be without interest to you.

Please accept, Sir & illustrious master, the expression of my respectful feelings, | Félix Hément

24 Decber. 1881

[Enclosure]

Mr. E.-A. Axon has sent, from Manchester, to the Académie des Sciences the outline of some facts, in support of observations put forward by Mr. Hément, on the accent of deaf-mutes who have learned to speak.2

“In the Philosophical Transactions (No 312.) there is an article about a young Scots highlander, deaf-mute from birth.3 At the age of seventeen years and following two attacks of fever, he recovered his hearing. The servants had great trouble in understanding him in the first efforts that he made to talk; they succeeded perfectly afterwards. He had the accent of young highlanders of his age, before they began to learn the English language. What was even more remarkable was that he spoke only English, the language spoken around him in the lowlands of Scotland, where Erse or Gaelic (his parents’ language) is not spoken. This is a fact offering support for the theory of heredity.

Mr. George Tickner, the learned historian of Spanish literature, visited a school for deaf-mutes in Madrid. None of the pupils had ever heard a human sound; all their knowledge of spoken language was the result of imitations of their teachers. Although all the instructors were Castilian, the pupils spoke with clarity and decision, following the manner and with the accent of their respective provinces. Mr Tickner could easily distinguish the Catalans, the Basques and the Castilians, and some visitors were even able to recognise the accents of Malaga and of Andalucia.4

Mr. Joseph Alley,5 from Manchester, a skilful teacher of Elocution, has made me aware of a similar case. E. R. became deaf-mute in his earliest infancy and only spoke in his seventeenth year. Mr Alley taught him to talk, and although his whole life had been spent in the county of Lancashire, E. R. speaks with the accent of the county of Stafford where he was born.

These facts, adds Mr. Axon, are all confirmed in an article which I have written on the education of deaf-mutes and which has appeared in The Companion of the Almanac for the year 1880.”

Footnotes

For a transcription of this letter in its original French, see Transcript.
The discussion that took place at the Académie des sciences on 7 November 1881 was briefly reported in Nature, 17 November 1881, p. 72. William Edward Armytage Axon later sent a letter to Nature, 1 December 1881, p. 101, containing the same information as this letter.
The article appeared in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London in 1707 (Martin 1707).

Bibliography

Correspondence: The correspondence of Charles Darwin. Edited by Frederick Burkhardt et al. 29 vols to date. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1985–.

Martin, Martin. 1707. A relation of a deaf and dumb person, who recover’d his speech and hearing after a violent fever: with some other medicinal and chirurgical observations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 25 (1706–7): 1469–70.

Summary

Sends notes of reports by E. A. Axon, George Ticknor, and Joseph Alley to Académie des Sciences on deaf mutes.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-13428
From
Félix Hément
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Nanterre
Source of text
DAR 166: 139
Physical description
ALS 1p (French), encl 2pp (French)

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 13428,” accessed on 25 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-13428.xml

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