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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Wilhelm Pfeffer1   24 October 1881

Tübingen

d 24 October 1881

Hochgeehrter Herr!

Sie würden mich verpflichten wenn Sie mir mittheilen wollten, ob Sie,—wie ich glaube gehört zu haben—mit ausgedehnten Untersuchungen über die durch Stoss und Contact veranlassten Bewegungen (Mimosa, Staubfäden der Cynareen, u.s.w) beschäftigt sind.2 In diesem Falle möchte ich nämlich nicht, wie ich andernfalls beabsichtige, dieses Thema zum Gegenstand erneuter und ausgedehnter Untersuchungen machen.

Den 2 Band meiner Physiologie hoffe ich in nicht ferner Zeit Ihnen übersenden zu können.3 Das Erscheinen ist durch Einstellung des Druckes während einer Ferienreise etwas verzögert worden.

Die durch Ihre Untersuchungen so wesentlich geförderte Kenntniss der Bewegungsvorgänge musste ich, der Tendenz meines Buches gemäss, in erster Linie von physiologischer Seite behandeln und musste desshalb mehr beiläufig auf die biologische Bedeutung hinweisen.4 Dieses hat naturgemäss auf Anordnung und Darstellung Einfluss gehabt und herbeigeführt, dass manches in einem anderen Gewand als in Ihrem Buche erscheint. In einzelnen Fällen habe ich mich jedoch auch in principieller Hinsicht den von Ihren vertretenen Auffassungen nicht anzuschliessen vermocht, indess halte ich die Differenzen, die ich hier nicht weiter namhaft machen will, kaum so tiefgreifend als es dem Leser villeicht auf den ersten Blick scheinen wird.

Bei dieser Gelegenheit darf ich mir wohl die Bemerkung erlauben, dass Sie einigemal in früheren Arbeiten von mir vertretene Ansichten nicht in meinem Sinne auffassten. Während ich die zur mechanischen Ausführung dienenden Mittel behandelte, habe ich villeicht und begreiflicherweise nicht an jeder Stelle besonders bemerkt, dass die äusseren Ursachen eben nur die Bedeutung durch specifische Receptivität ermöglichten auslösender Wirkungen haben, anders als solche Reizursachen habe ich aber Licht, Contact u.sw. nie angesehen und wiederholt dieses direkt bemerkt. So habe ich u.a. auch nicht (wie Sie in Ihrem Buche über Bewegungsvermögen p. 407 Anmkg. sagen) von einer Nachwirkung des Lichtes gesprochen, sondern nur von einer Nachwirkung der vorausgegangen Bewegungen und sogar wiederholt betont, dass die thatsächlich ausgeführten Bewegungen maassgebend für die Nachwirkungsbewegungen seien.5 In diesem Sinne bestreiten Sie ja selbst die Nachwirkungen nicht, denen sich, ohne scharfe Grenze, die Erblichkeit anschliesst, wenn nämlich die einst inducirten Vorgänge über längere Zeiträume ausgedehnt werden.

Einliegend erlaube ich Ihnen meine Photographie zu senden und soll es mich sehr freuen, wenn Sie dieselbe als kleines Zeichen meiner höchsten Verehrung annehmen wollen6

Mit ausgezeichneter Hochachtung | Ihr | ergebener | Prof. Dr W. Pfeffer

[Contemporary translation]

Tübingen

Oct 24. 1881.

Highly honoured Sir.

I should be much obliged if you would tell me whether (as I think I have heard) you are occupied with further researches concerning the movements caused by pushing and contact (Stoss und Contact) (Mimosa, stamens of ....…? &c.) As, in this case I should not, as I otherwise intend, make this subject (Thema) the object of renewed and extended researches.

The second volume of my physiology I hope before long to send you. Its appearance has been somewhat delayed through the stopping of the printing during my vacation tour.

The knowledge of the movement processes, (Bewegungsvorgänge) so essentially furthered by your researches, I have been obliged, in accordance with the tendency of my book, to treat, in the first place, from the physiological side, and have been obliged therefore to point out more parenthetically the biological significance. This has naturally had an influence on arrangement and mode of presentation, (Darstellung) and has caused many/some things to appear in a different dress from what they had in your book. There are however a few cases in which, in some important respects, I have not been able to fall in with the views maintained by you; I consider, however, that the differences/divergencies (which I will not here indicate particularly) are hardly so far reaching as perhaps at the first glance will appear to the reader.

May I be allowed to take this opportunity of remarking that you have occasionally in your former works not understood in my sense the views maintained by me. While I was treating of the means which serve for (the) mechanical accomplishment, I have perhaps—not unnaturally—failed specially to state in every place that external causes have only the significance of (auslösender???) activity made possible in consequence of specific Receptivity. I have never looked upon light, contact &c but as such irritant causes, & this I have repeatedly directly stated.

For instance I did not (as you say in your book on the Power of Movement page 407) speak of the after working (Nachwirkung) of Light, but only of an after working of the preceding movements, and have even repeatedly insisted that the actually carried out movements determine the after working movements. In this sense you yourself do not deny the after workings (Nachwirkung) and with this, without sharp boundaries, in heritability (die Erblichkeit) fits in,— that is if the once induced proceedings/Vorgänge? are extended over longer periods.

I venture to enclose my photograph, & I should be glad if you wd. receive it as a mark of my highest veneration— I am &c &c

Prof. Dr. W. Pfeffer.

Footnotes

For a translation of this letter, see Appendix I. The contemporary translation was made by Camilla Pattrick (see letter to Francis Darwin, 28 [October 1881] and n. 8).
Mimosa is the genus of sensitive plants; most of CD’s experiments for Movement in plants were performed on M. pudica (shame plant), whose leaves are sensitive to mechanical irritation. The Cynareae are a tribe of the daisy family (Asteraceae, formerly Compositae); in some species, the stamens are irritable along the whole of the filament (see Pfeffer 1873, pp. 80–158).
The second volume of Pflanzenphysiologie. Ein Handbuch des Stoffwechsels und Kraftwechsels in der Pflanze (Plant physiology: a handbook of metabolism and energy exchange in plants; Pfeffer 1881) was published by the end of the year. CD had received the first volume in July 1881 (see letter to Francis Darwin, 8 July 1881).
In Pfeffer 1881, Pfeffer focused on the mechanics of plant metabolism, including gas and water exchange, photosynthesis, and cell construction and differentiation. In Movement in plants, CD had focused more on the adaptive value of movement, as well as the physiological processes.
See Movement in plants, pp. 407–8 n. For Pfeffer’s statement about the after-effects of movement, see Pfeffer 1875, p. 45.
Pfeffer’s photograph has not been found in the Darwin Archive–CUL.

Bibliography

Movement in plants: The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. Assisted by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. 1880.

Pfeffer, Wilhelm 1873. Physiologische Untersuchungen. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.

Pfeffer, Wilhelm. 1875. Die periodische Bewegungen der Blattorgane. Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann.

Pfeffer, Wilhelm. 1881. Pflanzenphysiologie. Ein Handbuch des Stoffwechsels und Kraftwechsels in der Pflanze. 2 vols. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.

Translation

From Wilhelm Pfeffer1   24 October 1881

Tübingen

Oct 24. 1881.

Highly honoured Sir—

You would oblige me if you would tell me whether you, as I believe I have heard, are occupied with further researches concerning the movements caused by impact and contact (Mimosa, filaments of the Cynareae etc.)2 In this case I should not, as I otherwise intend, make this topic the object of renewed and extended studies.

I hope to be able to send you volume 2 of my Physiologie before long.3 Its appearance was delayed by the shutdown of the presses during a holiday trip.

I had to treat the knowledge of the movement processes, so significantly furthered by your researches, in accordance with the approach of my book, first and foremost from the physiological side, and had therefore to refer more parenthetically to their biological significance.4 This has naturally had an influence on ordering and presentation in this case, and has caused much to appear in a different guise from that in your book. In a few cases however, I have not been able to agree in a fundamental way with the views maintained by you; nevertheless, I consider the differences, which I will not identify further, hardly as far reaching as perhaps will appear at the first glance to the reader.

May I take this opportunity of remarking that in your former works you have occasionally misinterpreted views maintained by me. While I dealt with the means serving as mechanical explanation, I perhaps and naturally enough did not state specifically in every place, that external causes have only the significance of effects triggered by specific receptivity, I have never looked at light, contact &c other than as such causes of stimulus, & this I have repeatedly stated directly. So, I did not (as you say in your book on the power of movement p. 407, note) speak of the after-effect of light, but only of an after-effect of the preceding movements, and even repeatedly emphasised that the movements that are actually completed are said to be decisive for the consequent movements.5 In this sense you yourself do not deny the after-effects which, without sharp boundaries, are associated with heredity,— that is if the once induced processes should be extended over longer periods.

I venture to enclose my photograph, & I should be very glad if you would accept it as a small indication of my highest admiration.6

Most respectfully yours | Prof. Dr. W. Pfeffer.

Footnotes

For a transcription of this letter in its original German, together with a contemporary translation, see Transcript. The contemporary translation was made by Camilla Pattrick (see letter to Francis Darwin, 28 [October 1881] and n. 8).
Mimosa is the genus of sensitive plants; most of CD’s experiments for Movement in plants were performed on M. pudica (shame plant), whose leaves are sensitive to mechanical irritation. The Cynareae are a tribe of the daisy family (Asteraceae, formerly Compositae); in some species, the stamens are irritable along the whole of the filament (see Pfeffer 1873, pp. 80–158).
The second volume of Pflanzenphysiologie. Ein Handbuch des Stoffwechsels und Kraftwechsels in der Pflanze (Plant physiology: a handbook of metabolism and energy exchange in plants; Pfeffer 1881) was published by the end of the year. CD had received the first volume in July 1881 (see letter to Francis Darwin, 8 July 1881).
In Pfeffer 1881, Pfeffer focused on the mechanics of plant metabolism, including gas and water exchange, photosynthesis, and cell construction and differentiation. In Movement in plants, CD had focused more on the adaptive value of movement, as well as the physiological processes.
See Movement in plants, pp. 407–8 n. For Pfeffer’s statement about the after-effects of movement, see Pfeffer 1875, p. 45.
Pfeffer’s photograph has not been found in the Darwin Archive–CUL.

Bibliography

Movement in plants: The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. Assisted by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. 1880.

Pfeffer, Wilhelm 1873. Physiologische Untersuchungen. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.

Pfeffer, Wilhelm. 1875. Die periodische Bewegungen der Blattorgane. Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann.

Pfeffer, Wilhelm. 1881. Pflanzenphysiologie. Ein Handbuch des Stoffwechsels und Kraftwechsels in der Pflanze. 2 vols. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.

Summary

Will send 2d vol. [of his Pflanzenphysiologie (1881)].

CD has occasionally misinterpreted him in Movement in plants; by "after-working" (Nachwirkung) he means "after-working of preceding movements", not of the irritating cause [light].

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-13425
From
Wilhelm Friedrich Philipp (Wilhelm) Pfeffer
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Tübingen
Source of text
DAR 174: 38, 38/1
Physical description
ALS 4pp (German), trans 4pp

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 13425,” accessed on 18 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-13425.xml

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