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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Henry Faulds   16 February 1880

Tsukiji Hospital, Tokio | Japan

Feby 16th. 1880

Sir,

As an ardent student of your writings I trust I may venture to address you on a subject of interest. I allude to the rugae or furrows on the palmar surface of the human hand. These form singular and intricate patterns which vary in detail with each individual but may be classed according to their leading lines without much difficulty— Now, I have been led to study these in prehistoric pottery & I am engaged in what proves a somewhat difficult task—collecting data from all quarters of such ancient impressions & comparing them with similar impressions of living men of all races— Already I see some glimpses of light but facts are hard to get in sufficient numbers.1 The few monkeys &c which I have got show similar but somewhat different markings & if man’s origin has been from organised ‘dust’ perhaps a comparative study of lemuroids &c may yield results of real value— I hope for this & have bethought myself of your powerful aid— A word or two would set observers working everywhere.

I enclose a filled up form & can send a number to any one who wishes them.

The practical value,—and Englishmen will look for that,—is in the work of Identification in medico legal studies, thus.

1. Copies of palmar impressions of convicted criminals—as photographs now are used— the latter become unlike the original, the rugae, never

2. In cases like that of ‘Tichborne?’ Are his rugae of the Tichborne or Orton type?—for heredity rules here marvellously.2

3. In cases where mutilated remains are found & various people are missing   The rugae again may be compared with that of parents &c

4. Where impressions exist of bloody fingers by a murderer, or prints on fresh paint or drinking glasses, windows &c by a robber—

&c

The Chinese, I find since entering on this enquiry, take impressions of this kind from criminals, as our servant girls used to seal their letters with their thumbs. (The Japanese as the ancient Egyptians, use their finger nail.)

Hoping you may find this to be of interest

I remain | Your obliged reader | Henry Faulds | Surgeon Supt. of Hospital

[Enclosure]3

[DIAG HERE]

CD annotations

Top of letter: ‘Not to be returned’ ink

Footnotes

The pottery examined by Faulds came from a collection uncovered by Edward Sylvester Morse at the Ōmori archaeological site in Tokyo (Rubinger 2007, p. 138). Faulds published a more detailed letter on skin-furrows of the hand in Nature, 28 October 1880, p. 605. For more on Faulds’s experiments with fingerprinting, see McDermid 2014, pp. 118–19.
The Tichborne claimant, in a series of dramatic legal cases, claimed to be the rightful heir to the Tichborne estates; he was identified by some as Arthur Orton (b. 1834), although most of the Orton family denied he was their relative. (ODNB s.v. Tichborne claimant.)
The images are reproduced smaller than their original size.

Bibliography

McDermid, Val. 2014. Forensics: the anatomy of crime. London: Profile Books.

Rubinger, Richard. 2007. Popular literacy in early modern Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.

Summary

Asks CD’s help in obtaining data on finger-prints – both of ancient impressions in pottery and of living men of all races. Suggests a comparative study with similar markings of lemuroid monkeys might yield results of value about man’s origin. Gives the practical utility of prints in identification in criminal and legal studies and investigations. Encloses a form.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-12488
From
Henry Faulds
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Tsukiji Hospital, Tokyo
Source of text
UCL Library Services, Special Collections (GALTON/3/2/1/22, 23)
Physical description
ALS 3pp

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 12488,” accessed on 20 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-12488.xml

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