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Darwin Correspondence Project

From W. E. Darwin   12 July 1869

Bank, Southampton,

July 12 1869

My dear Father,

I send some Epipactis by post.1

I have not time to write particulars.

I have seen bees visit about 14 to 20 flowers, and have caught one with pollen about root of trunk. I did not see one actually withdraw pollen.

When a bee alights on a fully open flower it rests in a more sloping position from the lip sinking more than in case of a flower just at perfection

the bee remains quite outside the flower & pushes his head in till the top of the Anther just rests between the antennæ, and keeps boring its proboscis down with a jogging motion. A shows the angle of trunk & body of bee sucking an open flower B a perfect flower.

diagram

I am tolerably sure (but it is most difficult to be quite so) that in case of bee sucking as at B that it flew off in rather more vertical a direction than in A. see dotted line & in each case whether open or not the lip flew up and appeared to hit the bee on the belly, and in one or two cases of perfect flowers the bees appeared to fling themselves off with a quick jerk kicking out with their legs.2

I found that bending a rush point diagram and passing down under Anthers, and bringing it out with a jerk I very often drew out the pollin

I send you the Epipactis in case you want to try any more as to withdrawing pollen. I will tell the rest when I come on Thursday.3

Your affect son | W.E.D

CD annotations

0.2 July … Thursday 6.2] crossed pencil

Footnotes

William had been observing the insects that visited the native British orchid Epipactis palustris, while he was on the Isle of Wight. See letter from W. E. Darwin, 5 July [1869], and letter to W. E. Darwin, 7 [July 1869].
CD discussed William’s observations of hive-bees visiting flowers of Epipactis palustris in Orchids 2d ed., p. 99.
According to Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242), William arrived at Caerdeon, Barmouth, Wales, on Friday 16 July 1869.

Bibliography

Orchids 2d ed.: The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects. By Charles Darwin. 2d edition, revised. London: John Murray. 1877.

Summary

Bees visiting Epipactis.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-6826
From
William Erasmus Darwin
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Southampton
Source of text
DAR 162: 101
Physical description
ALS 5pp †

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 6826,” accessed on 19 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-6826.xml

Also published in The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 17

letter