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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Wilhelm Breitenbach1   17 April 1879

Verehrtester Herr Darwin!

Vor einigen Wochen machte ich eine kleine Beobachtung an Canarienvögeln, die mir interessant genug zu sein scheint, Sie Ihnen mitzutheilen. Da ich im Augenblick die nöthige Literatur nicht zur Hand habe, so weiss ich allerdings nicht, ob sie ganz neu ist. Die Beobachtung ist folgende:

In einem Käfig befanden sich zwei weibliche und ein männlicher Canarienvogel. Das Männchen interessirte sich wie es schien, für beide Weibchen gleichmässig. Als dann eins der beiden Weibchen aus dem Käfig und in einen andern, aber in demselben Zimmer befindlichen gebracht wurde, war bald ein bedeutender Unterschied bemerkbar. Um das im Käfig gebliebene Weibchen kümmerte sich das Männchen gar nicht; im Gegentheil, er biss das Weibchen fortwährend, so dass dieses zuletzt ganz ängstlich in einer Ecke des Käfigs sass und augenscheinlich grosse Furcht hatte. Das zweite Weibchen dagegen lockte es fortwährend, indem es nach dem Streit mit dem ersten Weibchen immer sehr hübsch sang.2

Keiner von meinen Bekannten, welche Canarienvögel besitzen, hatte je eine solche Beobachtung gemacht. Wie mag nun aber wol das sonderbare Verhalten des Männchen zu erklären sein? Wesshalb behandelte das Männchen das Weibchen nicht ebenso schlecht, als das zweite Weibchen auch noch im Käfig war? Ich habe nie gesehen, dass es vorher das Weibchen gebissen hat und auch keiner von meiner Familie hatte es jemals gesehen.

Sollte Sie diese kleine Beobachtung interessiren, so würde es mich sehr freuen; wenn Ihnen dieselbe schon bekannt sein sollte, so bitte ich die Mittheilung meinem Interesse an der Sache zu Gute halten zu wollen.

Hochachtungsvoll | ergebenst | Ihr | Wilhelm Breitenbach, | cand. rer. nat.3 Unna 17. April. 1879.

Footnotes

For a translation of this letter, see Appendix I.
In Descent 1: 270, CD had noted that canary-birds usually paired in a state of nature, but that breeders often put one male to four or five females. In this case, the male treated only one of the females as a ‘wife’, feeding her and her young, while the other females were treated as ‘concubines’.
Candidatus rerum naturalium: Breitenbach was studying natural sciences at Jena.

Bibliography

Descent: The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871.

Translation

From Wilhelm Breitenbach1   17 April 1879

Most esteemed Mr Darwin!

Some weeks ago I made a minor observation regarding canaries, which strikes me as being of sufficient interest to merit communicating to you. Since at the moment I do not have the required literature to hand, I do not know, however, whether it is genuinely new. The observation is the following:

In a cage were two female and one male canary. The male, it seemed, was equally interested in both females. When one of the two females was removed from the cage and transferred into another one, which was however in the same room, a significant change was soon noticeable. The male did not tend the female that was left in the cage at all, on the contrary, he continually pecked the female, so that in the end she sat in the corner of the cage timidly and evidently was very frightened. The other female, however, he called to incessantly, always singing very prettily after quarrelling with the first female.2

No one of my acquaintance who owns canaries has ever observed such a thing. But how can this peculiar behaviour of the male be explained? Why did the male not treat the female as badly when the second female was still in the cage? I have never seen it peck the female before, nor has any member of my family.

Should this little observation be of interest to you, this would gratify me much; should you already know of it, I beg you to make allowances for my interest in the matter.

Most respectfully | devoted | Yours | Wilhelm Breitenbach, | cand. rer. nat.3

Unna 17. April. 1879.

Footnotes

For a transcription of this letter in its original German, see Transcript.
In Descent 1: 270, CD had noted that canary-birds usually paired in a state of nature, but that breeders often put one male to four or five females. In this case, the male treated only one of the females as a ‘wife’, feeding her and her young, while the other females were treated as ‘concubines’.
Candidatus rerum naturalium: Breitenbach was studying natural sciences at Jena.

Bibliography

Descent: The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871.

Summary

Observations on unusual mating behaviour of canaries.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-11999
From
Wilhelm Breitenbach
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Unna
Source of text
DAR 160: 293
Physical description
ALS 3pp (German)

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 11999,” accessed on 25 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-11999.xml

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