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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Alfred Espinas1   1 July 1877

Dijon,

1er juillet 1877.

Monsieur et cher maitre,

Vous avez dit quelque part qu’on peut être convaincu pour des raisons philosophiques de la filiation des espèces;2 si vous n’aviez eu que ces raisons, il est probable que le Darwinisme ne serait pas né. C’est avec des arguments zoologiques et biologiques que le transformisme veut être soutenu— Vous ne trouverez donc pas étonnant qu’un philosophe de profession, dans une thè⁠⟨⁠se⁠⟩⁠ philosophique, garde sur ce point, une prudente réserve, et se borne à déclarer (p. 361) qu’il croit à l’universalité de la loi d’évolution.3

Votre impartialité tiendra compte aussi des conditions de milieu dans lesqelles se meut un français qui desire entrer à l’heure qu’il est dans les facultés de l’Etat. Je n’insiste pas sur ces conditions: elles sont pénibles à dire surtout vis à vis d’un étranger. Je puis affirmer seulement que dans aucune thèse présentée a la faculté des lettres de Paris on n’a encore été aussi loin que je l’ai fait dans le sens de l’évolution.4

J’ajoute que—quelles que soient les modestes objections que je me suis permis d’élever contre quelques unes de vos vues, et bien que je ne sois pas disposé à aliéner mon indépendance d’esprit—cependant je considère votre oeuvre comme la plus importante du siècle avec celles de Comte et de Spencer.5 Vous êtes pour moi comme pour la plupart de ceux qui etudient en Europe la psychologie zoologique, un maitre vénéré. Tu pater et rerum inventor.6 Mon essai est plein de votre nom; et tel chapitre n’est que le développement d’une page de votre Descent of Man.

Je n’ai pas voulu vous dire ces choses avant d’avoir obtenu votre jugement. J’ai pris la liberté de vous le demander, parceque trop longtemps retenu en effet dans les études littéraires et metaphysiques, je ne savais vraiment que penser de ma tentative pour parler le langage de la science. Je vous remercie vivement de votre réponse.7 Je regrette beaucoup d’avoir, bien involontairement en effet, altèré votre pensée. Je profiterai de vos remarques, je relirai vos écrits, et loin de rester indifférent à vos vues, je croirai toujours avoir progressé dans le mesure où je me serai inspiré de votre méthode.

Croyez-moi, cher Monsieur, votre dévoué, | A. Espinas | co-traducteur avec M. Ribot de la Psychologie de Spencer.8

Footnotes

For a translation of this letter, see Appendix I.
The reference has not been identified.
Espinas taught philosophy at Dijon. In Espinas 1877, p. 361, a copy of which he had sent to CD (see letter to Alfred Espinas, [before 1 July 1877]), he wrote that evolution was the sole fundamental law.
Espinas 1877 (Des sociétés animales) was the doctoral thesis Espinas had submitted to the Sorbonne, Paris (Tort 1996). On the critical reception of CD’s theories in France, see Harvey 2008 and Tort 2008.
Tu, pater, es rerum inventor: You, father, are the uncoverer of truths (Lucretius, De rerum natura 3: 9. Espinas’s slight misquotation changes the meaning to, ‘You are the father and uncoverer of truths’.
Espinas translated Spencer’s Principles of psychology with Theodule Ribot (Espinas and Ribot trans. 1874–5).

Bibliography

Espinas, Alfred. 1877. Des sociétés animales: étude de psychologie comparée. Paris: Librairie Germer Baillière et Cie.

Harvey, Joy. 2008. Darwin in a French dress: translating, publishing and supporting Darwin in nineteenth-century France. In The reception of Charles Darwin in Europe, edited by Eve-Marie Engels and Thomas F. Glick. 2 vols. London: Continuum.

Tort, Patrick. 1996. Dictionnaire du Darwinisme et de l’evolution. 3 vols. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

Tort, Patrick. 2008. The interminable decline of Lamarckism in France. Translated by Matthew Cobb. In The reception of Charles Darwin in Europe, edited by Eve-Marie Engels and Thomas F. Glick. London: Continuum.

Translation

From Alfred Espinas1   1 July 1877

Dijon,

1st July 1877.

Sir and dear master,

You said somewhere that one can be convinced on philosophical grounds of the descent of species;2 if you did not have any reasons other than these, it is likely that Darwinism would not have existed. It is with zoological and biological arguments that transmutation must be defended— You will not find it surprising that a professional philosopher, in a philosophical thesis, maintains a prudent reserve on this point, and limits himself to declaring (p. 361) that he believes in the universality of the law of evolution.3

Your impartiality will also take account of the conditions of the milieu in which a Frenchman moves who wishes to enter at this time into an academic post. I do not insist on these conditions: they are painful to explain, especially to a foreigner. I can only affirm that in no thesis presented to the faculty of literature in Paris has anyone gone as far as I have in the direction of evolution.4

I add that—whatever the modest objections that I allowed myself to raise against some of your opinions, and although I am not disposed to relinquish my independence of spirit—still I consider your work, with those of Comte and Spencer,5 the most important of the century. For me, as for most of those who study zoological psychology in Europe, you are a venerated master. Tu pater et rerum inventor.6 My essay is full of your name; and each chapter is nothing but a development of a page of your Descent of man.

I did not want to say these things before having obtained your judgment. I took the liberty of asking you for it, since, having been detained too long, in fact, in literary and metaphysical studies, I did not rightly know what to think of my attempt to speak the language of science. I thank you warmly for your reply.7 I very much regret having altered, quite involuntarily in fact, your thought. I will profit by your remarks, I will reread your writings, and far from being indifferent to your views, I will always believe myself to have progressed insofar as I am inspired by your method.

Believe me, dear Sir, your devoted, | A. Espinas | co-translator with M. Ribot of Spencer’s psychology.8

Footnotes

For a transcription of this letter in its original French, see Transcript.
The reference has not been identified.
Espinas taught philosophy at Dijon. In Espinas 1877, p. 361, a copy of which he had sent to CD (see letter to Alfred Espinas, [before 1 July 1877]), he wrote that evolution was the sole fundamental law.
Espinas 1877 (Des sociétés animales) was the doctoral thesis Espinas had submitted to the Sorbonne, Paris (Tort 1996). On the critical reception of CD’s theories in France, see Harvey 2008 and Tort 2008.
Tu, pater, es rerum inventor: You, father, are the uncoverer of truths (Lucretius, De rerum natura 3: 9. Espinas’s slight misquotation changes the meaning to, ‘You are the father and uncoverer of truths’.
Espinas translated Spencer’s Principles of psychology with Theodule Ribot (Espinas and Ribot trans. 1874–5).

Bibliography

Espinas, Alfred. 1877. Des sociétés animales: étude de psychologie comparée. Paris: Librairie Germer Baillière et Cie.

Harvey, Joy. 2008. Darwin in a French dress: translating, publishing and supporting Darwin in nineteenth-century France. In The reception of Charles Darwin in Europe, edited by Eve-Marie Engels and Thomas F. Glick. 2 vols. London: Continuum.

Tort, Patrick. 1996. Dictionnaire du Darwinisme et de l’evolution. 3 vols. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

Tort, Patrick. 2008. The interminable decline of Lamarckism in France. Translated by Matthew Cobb. In The reception of Charles Darwin in Europe, edited by Eve-Marie Engels and Thomas F. Glick. London: Continuum.

Summary

On painful state of CD’s reception in France.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-11030
From
Alfred Victor (Alfred) Espinas
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Dijon
Source of text
DAR 163: 34
Physical description
ALS 2pp (French)

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 11030,” accessed on 19 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-11030.xml

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